Nearly 100 years ago, almost today, most women in the United States finally won the right to vote. Now, it would take decades more for women of color to earn that right, and we've come a long way since, but I would argue not nearly far enough. I think what women want today, not just only in the United States but around the globe, is to no longer be an afterthought. We don't want to continue to try to, like, look at the next 100 years and be granted, grudgingly, small legal rights and accommodations. We simply want true and full equality. I think that women are tired of retrofitting ourselves into institutions and governments that were built by men, for men, and we'd rather reshape the future on our own terms. I believe --
从将近100年前, 差不多到现在, 大部分美国女性终于赢得投票的权利。 如今,恐怕依然需要数十年, 才能让有色人种女性拥有同样的权力, 虽然我们已经取得了长足的进步, 但我要说,这还远远不够。 我认为今天的女性想要的, 不仅是在美国, 而是全球范围的, 是不再后知后觉。 我们不想再继续期待, 比如,未来100年, 勉强得到一点合法权利和容许。 我只想要真正和全面的平等。 我认为女性已经厌倦了改造自己, 以适应由男性和为男性 打造的机构和政府, 我们宁愿按照自己的方式 来重塑我们的未来。 我相信——
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I believe what we need is a women's political revolution for full equality across race, across class, across gender identity, across sexual orientation, and yes, across political labels, because I believe what binds us together as women is so much more profound than what keeps up apart. And so I've given some thought about how to build this women's political revolution and that's what I want to talk to you about today.
我认为我们需要的是一场 争取完全平等的妇女政治革命, 跨越种族、阶级、性别认同、 性取向, 当然,还有政治标签, 因为我相信把我们这些女性 凝聚在一起的力量 要比把我们分开的力量更深远。 所以我想过如何 建立这场妇女政治革命, 这也是今天我想跟你们分享的内容。
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The good news is that one thing that hasn't changed in the last century is women's resilience and our commitment to build a better life not only for ourselves, but for generations to come, because I can't think of a single woman who wants her daughter to have fewer rights or opportunities than she's had.
一个好消息是, 在过去一个世纪没改变的是 女性的韧性, 以及我们投身于创造更好的生活, 不仅为我们自己, 更为了后代。 因为我无法想象有哪个女性 会想让她的女儿 拥有比她更少的权利和机遇。
So we know we all stand on the shoulders of the women who came before us, and as for myself, I come from a long line of tough Texas women.
我们知道,我们都站在前人的肩膀上, 正如我自己, 我家里的女性世世代代都很坚强。
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My grandparents lived outside of Waco, Texas, in the country. And when my grandmother got pregnant, of course she was not going to go to the hospital to deliver, she was going to have that baby at home. But when she went into labor, she called the neighbor woman over to cook dinner for my grandfather, because ... I mean, it was unthinkable that he was going to make supper for himself.
我祖父母住在德克萨斯州韦科市 以外的乡下。 当我祖母怀孕时, 当然她不会去医院分娩, 她会在家中生小孩。 但当她临盆的时候, 她叫女邻居过来为我祖父做饭, 因为… 我是说,根本无法想象 他会给自己做饭。
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Been there.
你们懂的。
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The neighbor had no experience with killing a chicken, and that was what was planned for dinner that night. And so as the story goes, my grandmother, in the birthing bed, in labor, hoists herself up on one elbow and wrings that chicken's neck, right? And that is how my mother came into this world.
邻居没有杀鸡的经验, 那本来是计划用来做当天晚餐的。 结果就是, 我祖母,在产床上,分娩中, 她用一只胳膊肘把自己托起来, 绞着那只鸡的脖子。 我母亲就是这样来到这个世界的。
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But the amazing thing is, even though my mother's own grandmother could not vote in Texas, because under Texas law, "idiots, imbeciles, the insane and women" were prevented the franchise -- just two generations later, my mother, Ann Richards, was elected the first woman governor in her own right in the state of Texas.
但神奇的事情是, 即便我母亲的祖母不能在 德克萨斯州投票, 因为根据德州法律, “白痴,蠢人,疯子和女人” 不能参与投票—— 就在两代人后, 我的母亲安·理查兹 凭一己之力当选为德州的 第一位女州长。
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But you see, when Mom was coming up in Texas, there weren't a lot of opportunities for women, and frankly, she spent her entire life trying to change that. She used to like to say, "As women, if you just give us a chance, we can perform. After all, Ginger Rogers did everything Fred Astaire did, but she did it backwards and in high heels." Right? And honestly, that's kind of what women have been doing for this last century: despite having very, very little political power, we have made enormous progress.
但当我母亲在德州任职时, 并无太多的机会留给女性, 实话说,她毕生都致力于改变现状。 她过去常说, "作为女性,只要你给我们 一个机会,我们就能做到。 毕竟,金吉尔·罗杰斯做到了 弗雷德·阿斯泰尔做的一切事情, 但她是穿着高跟鞋按倒序做的。” 没错吧? 并且老实说,这就是上世纪的 女性一直在做的事情: 即便只有极少,极少的政治权力, 我们仍取得了巨大的进展。
So today in the United States, 100 years after getting the right to vote, women are almost half the workforce. And in 40 percent of families with children, women are the major breadwinners. Economists even estimate that if every single paid working woman took just one day off of work, it would cost the United States 21 billion dollars in gross domestic product. Now, largely because of Title IX, which required educational equity, women are actually now half the college students in the United States. We're half the medical students, we're half the law students -- Exactly.
所以今天在美国, 在获得投票权的100年后, 劳动力中女性的比例占到了一半。 在40%拥有儿童的家庭中, 女性是主要的经济支柱。 经济学家甚至估计, 假如每个有收入的工作女性休假一天, 会导致美国GDP 损失210亿美元。 《教育修正法案》第九条要求教育公平, 所以女性目前占美国大学生的一半。 我们占医学院的一半,法学院的一半。 就是这样。
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And a fact I absolutely love: One of the most recent classes of graduating NASA astronauts was ... What? For the first time, 50 percent women.
我最爱的一个事实是: 最近毕业的一批NASA宇航员…… 猜猜怎么样? 首次,女性占比50%。
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The point is that women are really changing industries, they're changing business from the inside out. But when it comes to government, it's another story, and I actually think a picture is worth 1000 words. This is a photograph from 2017 at the White House when congressional leaders were called over to put the final details into the health-care reform bill that was to go to Congress. Now, one of the results of this meeting was that they got rid of maternity benefits, which may not be that surprising, since no one at that table actually would need maternity benefits. And unfortunately, that's what we've learned the hard way in the US for women. If we're not at the table, we're on the menu, right? And we're simply not at enough tables, because even though women are the vast majority of voters in the United States, we fall far behind the rest of the world in political representation.
要点在于女性正在改变各行各业, 她们在由里而外地改变商业。 但涉及到政府时,却是另一番景象, 我认为一张照片胜过千言万语。 这是2017年白宫拍摄的一张照片, 拍摄于国会领导人被召集起来, 将医疗改革法案的 最终细节提交给国会时。 这个会议的一个结果是, 他们取消了生育补贴, 听起来好像挺合理的, 因为那张桌子上没人需要生育补贴。 不幸的是,这就是我们知道的 美国女性的惨痛经历。 如果我们不为刀俎, 便是鱼肉,对吧? 很简单,我们的席位还不够, 因为即便女性在美国已经成为了 主要的投票群体, 我们在政治代表方面还 远远落后于世界其他国家。
Recent research is that when they ranked all the countries, the United States is 104th in women's representation in office. 104th ... Right behind Indonesia. So is it any big surprise, then, considering who's making decisions, we're the only developed country with no paid family leave? And despite all the research and improvements we've made in medical care -- and this is really horrifying to me -- the United States now leads the developed world in maternal mortality rates. Now, when it comes to equal pay, we're not doing a whole lot better. Women now, on average, in the United States, still only make 80 cents to the dollar that a man makes. Though if you're an African American woman, it's 63 cents to the dollar. And if you're Latina, it's 54 cents to the dollar. It's an outrage. Now, women in the UK, the United Kingdom, just came up with something I thought was rather ingenious, in order to illustrate the impact of the pay gap. So, starting November 10 and going through the end of the year, they simply put an out-of-office memo on their email to indicate all the weeks they were working without pay. Right? I think it's an idea that actually could catch on.
最近对全球排名的研究发现, 美国女性政治代表排名104位。 104… 仅次于印度尼西亚。 如果想想是谁在做决定, 让我们成为世界上唯一没有 带薪探产假的发达国家,你还感到意外吗? 尽管我们在医疗保健领域做了很多 研究和改进—— 这对我来说真的很可怕—— 在发达国家中, 美国的孕产妇死亡率最高。 在同工同酬方面,我们也没有好多少。 在美国,平均每个男性赚1美元, 每个女性只赚80美分。 如果你是非裔美国人, 只能赚63美分。 如果你是拉丁裔,则只有54美分。 真是让人愤怒。 现在,英国的女性,英联邦的女性, 刚想出一个我认为相当巧妙的东西, 目的是展示薪酬支付的差距。 从11月10号到年底, 她们在电子邮件里放了一份 不在公司办公的备忘录, 以展示她们在没有薪水的 情况下工作了几周。 能理解吧? 我认为这是一个很受欢迎的想法。
But imagine if women actually had political power. Imagine if we were at the table, making decisions. Imagine if we had our own women's political party that instead of putting our issues to the side as distractions, made them the top priority. Well, we know -- research shows that when women are in office, they actually act differently than men. They collaborate more with their colleagues, they work across party lines, and women are much more likely to support legislation that improves access to health care, education, civil rights. And what we've seen in our research in the United States Congress is that women sponsor more legislation and they cosponsor more legislation. So all the evidence is that when women actually have the chance to serve, they make a huge difference and they get the job done.
但想象下如果女性确实拥有了政治权力。 假想我们能参与决策的制定。 假想我们有自己的女性政党, 而不是把我们的问题 当作干扰放在一边, 让男性的问题优先解决。 那么,我们知道—— 研究显示当女性执政时, 她们跟男性表现不同。 她们更愿意与同事合作, 她们跨越党派工作, 女性更有可能支持改善医疗、 教育和公民权利的立法。 我们在对美国国会的研究发现 女性会推动更多的立法, 共同推动更多的立法。 所有证据都显示, 当女性拥有机会服务大众时, 她们会带来巨大的改变,言出必行。
So how would it look in the United States if different people were making decisions? Well, I firmly believe if half of Congress could get pregnant, we would finally quit fighting about birth control and Planned Parenthood.
那么如果有不同的人在做决定, 美国的情况会怎样呢? 我确信如果有一半的国会议员会怀孕, 我们最终就不会为避孕 和计划生育争吵了。
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That would be over.
不会再有了。
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I also really believe that finally, businesses might quit treating pregnancy as a nuisance, and rather understand it as a primary medical issue for millions of American workers. And I think if more women were in office, our government would actually prioritize keeping families together rather than pulling them apart.
我也非常相信, 企业不会把怀孕视为一件麻烦事, 而是把它理解为数百万美国工人的 首要医疗问题。 我认为如果更多的女性参与执政, 我们的政府就会以阖家团圆为先, 而不再把家人拆散。
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But perhaps most importantly, I think all of these issues would no longer be seen as "women's issues." They would just be seen as basic issues of fairness and equality that everybody can get behind.
但也许更重要的是, 我认为所有这些问题不会 再被视为“女人的问题”。 它们应该被视作每个人都会支持的 公平和平等的基本问题。
So I think the question is, what would it take, actually, to build this women's political revolution? The good news is, actually, it's already started. Because women around the globe are demanding workplaces, they're demanding educational institutions, they're demanding governments where sexism and sexual harassment and sexual assault are neither accepted nor tolerated. Women around the world, as we know, are raising their hands and saying, "Me Too," and it's a movement that's made so much more powerful by the fact that women are standing together across industries, from domestic workers to celebrities in Hollywood. Women are marching, we're sitting in, we're speaking up. Women are challenging the status quo, we're busting old taboos and yes, we are proudly making trouble.
所以我认为问题是, 要发起这场女性政治革命需要什么呢? 好消息是,其实,已经开始了。 因为全球的女性都要求像工作场所, 教育机构, 还有政府这些地方的 性别歧视、性骚扰 和性侵犯不应该被接受, 也不该被容忍。 全世界的女性,就如我们所知的, 在举起她们的手说:“我也是”, 这个运动的影响是如此之大, 各行各业的女性, 从家政工人到好莱坞明星, 全都站了出来。 女性在游行,我们在参与, 我们为自己发声。 女性正在挑战现状, 我们正在打破旧的禁忌, 是的,我们骄傲地制造麻烦。
So, women in Saudi Arabia are driving for the very first time.
结果就是,沙特阿拉伯的女性 第一次被允许开车。
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Women in Iraq are standing in solidarity with survivors of human trafficking. And women from El Salvador to Ireland are fighting for reproductive rights. And women in Myanmar are standing up for human rights. In short, I think the most profound leadership in the world isn't coming from halls of government. It's coming from women at the grassroots all across the globe.
伊拉克妇女站在一起声援 人口贩运的幸存者。 从萨尔瓦多到爱尔兰, 妇女们在为生育权利而斗争。 缅甸的妇女在为人权挺身而出。 总的来说,我认为世界上 最有影响力的领袖 不是来自政府大厅。 它来自世界各地的基层女性。
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And here in the United States, women are on fire. So a recent Kaiser poll reported that since our last presidential election in 2016, one in five Americans have either marched or taken part in a protest, and the number one issue has been women's rights. Women are starting new organizations, they are volunteering on campaigns, and they're taking on every issue from gun-safety reform to public education. And women are running for office in record numbers, and they are winning. So -- (Laughs)
在美国,女性势不可挡。 最近的一项Kaiser民意调查显示, 自2016年我们上次总统选举以来, 1/5的美国人参加过游行或抗议活动, 头号问题跟女性人权有关。 女性开始设立新的组织, 她们是各种活动的志愿者, 她们讨论从枪支安全 到公共教育的各种问题。 女性竞选公职的人数也创下记录, 并且她们在获胜。 所以——(笑声)
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Women like Lucy McBath from Georgia.
出现了像乔治亚州的 露西·麦克巴斯这样的女性。
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Lucy lost her son to gun violence, and it was because of her experience with the criminal justice system that she realized just how broken it is, and she decided to do something about that. So she ran for office, and this January, she's going to Congress. OK? Or --
露西在枪支暴力中失去了自己的孩子, 正因为她在刑事司法系统中的经历, 让她意识到这个系统是如何破烂不堪, 于是她决定做点事情。 所以她参与竞选, 于是今年1月,她将去国会任职。 或是——
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Angie Craig from Minnesota.
来自明尼苏达州的安吉·克雷格。
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So her congressman had made such hateful comments about LGBTQ people that she decided to challenge him. And you know what? She did, and she won, and when she goes to Congress in January, she'll be the first lesbian mother serving in the House of Representatives.
因为她的国会议员对LGBTQ的人 发表了如此可恨的言论, 于是她决定去挑战他。 你们知道吗?她做到了,她成功了, 当她一月份到国会时, 她将成为第一位在众议院 任职的女同性恋母亲。
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Or --
或——
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Or Lauren Underwood from Illinois. She's a registered nurse, and she sees every day the impact that lack of health care access has on the community where she lives, and so she decided to run. She took on six men in her primary, she beat them all, she won the general election, and when she goes to Congress in January, she's going to be the first African-American woman ever to serve her district in Washington, D.C.
或是来自伊利诺斯州的劳伦·安德伍德。 她是位注册护士, 她每天都看到缺乏医疗服务 对她所住的社区的影响, 所以她决定参与竞选。 她在初选中打败了六个人, 她在大选中获胜, 当她1月份去国会时, 她将成为在华盛顿特区 为她的选区服务的 第一位非洲裔美国妇女。
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So women are recognizing -- this is our moment. Don't wait for permission, don't wait for your turn. As the late, great Shirley Chisholm said -- Shirley Chisholm, the first African-American woman ever to go to Congress and the first woman to run for president in the Democratic party -- but Shirley Chisholm said, "If there's no room for you at the table, just pull up a folding chair." And that's what women are doing, all across the country.
所以女性正在认识到—— 这是我们的时刻。 不要等待许可, 不要等待轮到你。 正如已故伟大的雪莉·奇泽姆所说—— 雪莉·奇泽姆,第一位进入国会的 非裔美国女性, 也是民主党历史上 第一位女性总统候选人—— 雪莉·奇泽姆说, “如果餐桌上没有你的位置, 那就拉把折叠椅。” 这就是全国女性正在做的事情。
I believe women are now the most important and powerful political force in the world, but how do we make sure that this is not just a moment? What we need is actually a global movement for women's full equality that is intersectional and it's intergenerational, where no one gets left behind. And so I have a few ideas about how we could do that.
我相信女性现在是全球 最重要和最有权力的 政治力量, 但我们如何确保这不是昙花一现? 我们真正需要的是一场促进 妇女充分平等的全球运动, 一场跨背景,跨越代际的, 人人受益的运动。 对此我有一些想法。
Number one: it's not enough to resist. It's not enough to say what we're against. It's time to be loud and proud about what we are for, because being for full equality is a mainstream value and something that we can get behind. Because actually, men support equal pay for women. Millennials, they support gender equality. And businesses are increasingly adopting family-friendly policies, not just because it's the right thing to do, but because it's good for their workers. It's good for their business.
第一点:光抵抗是不够的。 光说我们反对是不够的。 是时候为我们的诉求大声疾呼和自豪了, 因为追求完全平等是主流价值, 是我们都会支持的。 因为实际上,男性也支持女性同工同酬。 千禧一代,他们支持性别平等。 企业在越来越普遍的 采用家庭友好政策, 不仅因为这是正确的事情, 也因为这对他们的员工有好处。 对他们的生意有好处。
Number two: We have to remember, in the words of Fannie Lou Hamer, that "nobody's free 'til everybody's free." So as I mentioned earlier, women of color in this country didn't even get the right to vote until much further along than the rest of us. But since they did, they are the most reliable voters, and women of color are the most reliable voters for candidates who support women's rights, and we need to follow their lead --
第二点: 我们必须记住范尼·卢·哈默的话, “在每个人都自由前,没有人是自由的。” 所以就如我早先提到的, 这个国家的有色人种妇女 在很长一段时间里 甚至没有投票权。 但一旦她们获得了, 她们就成了最可靠的投票者, 有色女性人群是支持女性权利候选人 最可靠的选民, 我们需要跟随她们的脚步——
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Because their issues are our issues. And as white women, we have to do more, because racism and sexism and homophobia, these are issues that affect all of us.
因为她们的问题就是我们的问题。 作为白人女性,我们必须采取更多行动, 因为种族歧视,性别歧视和恐同症, 这些问题会影响我们所有人。
Number three: we've got to vote in every single election. Every election. And we've got to make it easier for folks to vote, and we've got to make sure that every single vote is counted, OK?
第三:我们必须在每一场选举中投票。 每一场选举。 我们要让选民投票变得更容易, 我们需要确保每一张投票 都被计算在内。
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(鼓掌和欢呼)
Because the barriers that exist to voting in the United States, they fall disproportionately on women -- women of color, women with low incomes, women who are working and trying to raise a family. So we need to make it easier for everyone to vote, and we can start by making Election Day a federal holiday in the United States of America.
因为存在于美国的投票障碍, 对女性来说尤其不便—— 让那些有色人种的女性,低收入女性, 那些努力工作养家糊口的女性失望。 所以我们需要让每个人的投票变得容易。 我们可以从把选举日定为美国的 联邦假日开始。
(Applause and cheers)
(鼓掌和欢呼)
Number four: don't wait for instructions. If you see a problem that needs fixing, I think you're the one to do it, OK?
第四点:不要等待指示。 如果你看到需要解决的问题。 那你就应该动手解决它。
So start a new organization, run for office. Or maybe it's as simple as standing up on the job in support of yourself or your coworkers. This is up to all of us. And number five: invest in women, all right?
去成立一个新的组织,参与竞选。 或者就像在工作中站出来为自己 或者你的同事发声一样简单。 这取决于我们所有人。 第五点:投资女性。
(Applause)
(鼓掌)
Invest in women as candidates, as changemakers, as leaders. Just as an example, in this last election cycle in the United States, women donated 100 million dollars more to candidates and campaigns than they had just two years ago, and a record number of women won. So just think about that.
投资女性作为候选人,改革者,领导者。 举个例子, 在美国最后一轮选举中, 女性向候选人和竞选活动捐赠的金额 比两年前多了1亿美元, 获胜的女性数量创下了记录。 多了不起啊。
(Applause and cheers)
(鼓掌和欢呼)
So look, sometimes I think that the challenges we face, they seem overwhelming and they seem like they almost can never be solved, but I think the problems that seem the most intractable are the ones that are most important to work on. And just because it hasn't been figured out yet doesn't mean you won't. After all, if women's work were easy, someone else would have already been doing it, right?
有时候我认为我们面临的那些挑战 似乎非常严峻, 看起来几乎不可能被解决, 但我认为最棘手的问题 是那些最需要做的重要工作。 但是问题没有解决 并不意味着你不能解决。 毕竟,如果女性的工作很简单, 其他人就已经做完了,是吧?
(Laughter)
(笑声)
But women around the globe, they're on the move, and they are taking strengths and inspiration from each other. They are doing things they never could have imagined. So if we could just take the progress we have made in joining the workforce, in joining business, in joining the educational system, and actually channel that into building true political power, we will reshape this century, because one of us can be ignored, two of us can be dismissed, but together, we're a movement, and we're unstoppable.
但全球各地的女性都在行动, 从彼此身上汲取力量和灵感。 她们正在做从未想象过的事情。 所以如果我们能把我们加入 劳动力大军, 加入企业, 加入教育系统取得的进步 用于建立真正的政治权力, 我们就会重塑这个世纪, 因为一个人会被忽视, 两个人会被驳斥, 但大家团结一致就能掀起一场运动, 而且势不可挡。
Thank you.
谢谢。
(Applause and cheers)
(鼓掌和欢呼)
Thank you.
谢谢。
(Applause)
(鼓掌)