The shocking police crackdown on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri, in the wake of the police shooting of Michael Brown, underscored the extent to which advanced military weapons and equipment, designed for the battlefield, are making their way to small-town police departments across the United States. Although much tougher to observe, this same thing is happening with surveillance equipment.
Šokantno policijsko kažnjavanje protestanata u Fergusonu, Misuri, u žaru pucnjave policije na Majkla Brauna, naglasilo je obim u kome napredna vojna oružja i oprema projektovani za bojna polja, krče put do policijskih odeljenja malih gradova širom Sjedinjenih Država. Iako je mnogo teže za posmatranje, ista stvar se dešava sa opremom za nadzor.
NSA-style mass surveillance is enabling local police departments to gather vast quantities of sensitive information about each and every one of us in a way that was never previously possible.
Masivni nadzor u stilu NSA omogućava lokalnim policijskim odeljenjima da skupljaju veliku količinu osetljiviih informacija o svemu i svakome od nas na način koji nikada ranije nije bio moguć.
Location information can be very sensitive. If you drive your car around the United States, it can reveal if you go to a therapist, attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, if you go to church or if you don't go to church. And when that information about you is combined with the same information about everyone else, the government can gain a detailed portrait of how private citizens interact.
Informacije o lokaciji mogu biti veoma osetljive. Ako vozite svoj auto širom Sjedinjenih Država, možete otkriti da li idete kod psihoterapeuta, na sastanak anonimnih alkoholičara, idete li u crkvu ili ne. Kada su informacije o vama kombinovane sa istim informacijama o svakom drugom, vlasti mogu da dobiju detaljan portret toga kako privatni građani uzajamno deluju.
This information used to be private. Thanks to modern technology, the government knows far too much about what happens behind closed doors. And local police departments make decisions about who they think you are based on this information.
Ove informacije su nekada bile privatne. Zahvaljujući modernoj tehnologiji, vlasti znaju previše o tome šta se dešava iza zatvorenih vrata. Lokalna policijska odeljenja donose odluke o tome šta misle ko ste na osnovu ovih informacija.
One of the key technologies driving mass location tracking is the innocuous-sounding Automatic License Plate Reader. If you haven't seen one, it's probably because you didn't know what to look for -- they're everywhere. Mounted on roads or on police cars, Automatic License Plate Readers capture images of every passing car and convert the license plate into machine-readable text so that they can be checked against hot lists of cars potentially wanted for wrongdoing.
Jedna od ključnih tehnologija koja pokreće masovno praćenje lokacija je Automatski čitač registarskih tablica, što je prilično bezopasan naziv. Ako ovo niste već videli, to je verovatno zato što niste znali šta da tražite - svuda su. Postavljeni su na putevima ili policijskim automobilima, automatski čitači automobilskih tablica prave snimke svakog auta koji prolazi i prebacuju tablicu u tekst koji prepoznaje mašina tako da se može proveriti u odnosu na spisak automobila koji se potencijalno traže zbog počinjenih zločina.
But more than that, increasingly, local police departments are keeping records not just of people wanted for wrongdoing, but of every plate that passes them by, resulting in the collection of mass quantities of data about where Americans have gone. Did you know this was happening?
Ali više od toga se dešava da lokalna policijska odeljenja drže evidenciju ne samo o ljudima koji se traže zbog zločina, već i o svakoj tablici koja prođe pored njih, što za posledicu ima skup velike količine podataka o tome kuda su Amerikanci otišli. Da li znate da se ovo dešavalo?
When Mike Katz-Lacabe asked his local police department for information about the plate reader data they had on him, this is what they got: in addition to the date, time and location, the police department had photographs that captured where he was going and often who he was with. The second photo from the top is a picture of Mike and his two daughters getting out of their car in their own driveway. The government has hundreds of photos like this about Mike going about his daily life. And if you drive a car in the United States, I would bet money that they have photographs like this of you going about your daily life.
Kada je Majk Kec Lakabe pitao svoje lokalno policijsko odeljenje za informacije o podacima čitača tablica koje su imali o njemu, ovo je bio odgovor: pored datuma, vremena i lokacije, policijsko odeljenje imalo je slike toga kuda je išao, a često i toga sa kime je bio. Druga slika odozgo je slika Majka i njegove dve ćerke kako izlaze iz svojih kola na sopstvenom prilazu kući. Vlasti imaju stotine fotografija poput ove o Majku koje govore o njegovom svakodnevnom životu. Ako vozite auto u Sjedinjenim Državama, kladila bih se u novac da imaju fotografije poput ovih koje govore o vašem svakodnevnom životu.
Mike hasn't done anything wrong. Why is it okay that the government is keeping all of this information? The reason it's happening is because, as the cost of storing this data has plummeted, the police departments simply hang on to it, just in case it could be useful someday. The issue is not just that one police department is gathering this information in isolation or even that multiple police departments are doing it. At the same time, the federal government is collecting all of these individual pots of data, and pooling them together into one vast database with hundreds of millions of hits, showing where Americans have traveled. This document from the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration, which is one of the agencies primarily interested in this, is one of several that reveal the existence of this database. Meanwhile, in New York City, the NYPD has driven police cars equipped with license plate readers past mosques in order to figure out who is attending.
Majk nije uradio ništa loše. Zašto je u redu da vlasti drže sve ove informacije? Razlog zbog kojeg se ovo dešava je taj kako su troškovi smeštanja ovih podataka drastično pali, policijska odeljenja su ih se jednostavno držala u slučaju da jednog dana mogu biti od koristi. Problem nije samo što jedno policijsko odeljenje čuva ove informacije u izolaciji ili što više policijskih odeljenja to radi. U isto vreme, Savezna vlada sakuplja sve te pojedinačne grupe podataka, i objedinjuje ih zajedno u jednu široku bazu podataka sa stotinama miliona pogodaka, koji pokazuju gde su Amerikanci putovali. Ovaj dokument od Savezne uprave za suzbijanje droge, što je jedna od agencija koje su najviše zainteresovane za ovo, jedan je od nekoliko koji otkrivaju postojanje baze podataka. U međuvremenu, u Njujorku, pripadnici policije su vozili svoja kola opremljena čitačima policijskih tablica pored džamija kako bi otkrili ko ih posećuje.
The uses and abuses of this technology aren't limited to the United States. In the U.K., the police department put 80-year-old John Kat on a plate reader watch list after he had attended dozens of lawful political demonstrations where he liked to sit on a bench and sketch the attendees.
Upotrebe i zloupotrebe ove tehnologije nisu ograničene na Sjedinjene Države. U Ujedinjenom kraljevstvu, policijsko odeljenje je stavilo 80-godišnjeg Džona Keta na listu čitača tablica nakon što je prisustvovao desetinama pravnih političkih demonstracija gde je voleo da sedi na klupi i skicira pratioce.
License plate readers aren't the only mass location tracking technology available to law enforcement agents today. Through a technique known as a cell tower dump, law enforcement agents can uncover who was using one or more cell towers at a particular time, a technique which has been known to reveal the location of tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of people. Also, using a device known as a StingRay, law enforcement agents can send tracking signals inside people's houses to identify the cell phones located there. And if they don't know which house to target, they've been known to drive this technology around through whole neighborhoods.
Čitači registarskih tablica nisu jedina tehnologija za masivno praćenje lokacije dostupna agentima za sprovođenje zakona. Putem sakupljanja podataka sa tornjeva mobilne telefonije, policijski agenti mogu da otkriju ko je koristio jedan ili više tornjeva mobilne telefonije u određeno vreme, što je tehnika za koju se zna da je otkrivala lokacije desetina hiljada i čak stotina hiljada ljudi. Koristeći aparat poznat kao "Stingray", policijski agenti mogu da pošalju signale za praćenje unutar kuća kako bi identifikovali mobilne telefone koji se tu nalaze. Ako ne znaju koju kuću da traže, onda bi ovu tehnologiju vozili okolo širom susedstva.
Just as the police in Ferguson possess high-tech military weapons and equipment, so too do police departments across the United States possess high-tech surveillance gear. Just because you don't see it, doesn't mean it's not there.
Kako policija u Fergusonu poseduje savremena oružja i opremu, tako i policijska odeljenja širom Sjedinjenih Država poseduju savremenu opremu za nadzor. Samo zato što je ne vidite, ne znači da nije tu.
The question is, what should we do about this? I think this poses a serious civil liberties threat. History has shown that once the police have massive quantities of data, tracking the movements of innocent people, it gets abused, maybe for blackmail, maybe for political advantage, or maybe for simple voyeurism.
Pitanje je - šta bi trebalo da uradimo povodom ovoga? Mislim da ovo predstavlja opasnu pretnju građanskoj slobodi. Istorija je pokazala da kada policija poseduje velike količine podataka i prati kretanje nevinih ljudi, ti podaci se zloupotrebe, možda za ucenu, možda za politički napredak, ili možda zbog samog voajerizma.
Fortunately, there are steps we can take. Local police departments can be governed by the city councils, which can pass laws requiring the police to dispose of the data about innocent people while allowing the legitimate uses of the technology to go forward. Thank you. (Applause).
Srećom, postoje koraci koje možemo da preduzmemo. Lokalna policijska odeljenja mogu biti podređena gradskim većima, koja mogu da izglasaju zakone koji od policije zahtevaju da unište podatke o nevinim ljudima dok se omogućava da se napreduje sa legitimnom upotrebom tehnologije. Hvala vam. (Aplauz)