The shocking police crackdown on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri, in the wake of the police shooting of Michael Brown, underscored the extent to which advanced military weapons and equipment, designed for the battlefield, are making their way to small-town police departments across the United States. Although much tougher to observe, this same thing is happening with surveillance equipment.
Šokantna policijska represija protestanata u Fergusonu, Missouri, nakon što je policajac ustrijelio Michaela Browna, pokazala je kako napredna vojna oružja i oprema, dizajnirana za bojišta, nalaze svoje mjesto u policijskim upravama malih gradova SAD-a. Iako se to puno teže primjećuje, ista stvar se događa i s opremom za nadzor.
NSA-style mass surveillance is enabling local police departments to gather vast quantities of sensitive information about each and every one of us in a way that was never previously possible.
Nadzor masa u stilu NSA omogućuje lokalnim policijskim uredima skupljanje velike količine osjetljivih informacija o svakome od nas na način kako to nikada prije nije bilo moguće.
Location information can be very sensitive. If you drive your car around the United States, it can reveal if you go to a therapist, attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, if you go to church or if you don't go to church. And when that information about you is combined with the same information about everyone else, the government can gain a detailed portrait of how private citizens interact.
Lokacijske informacije mogu biti vrlo osjetljive. Ako vozite auto u SAD-u, sustav može otkriti idete li psihoterapeutu, prisustvujete li sastanku anonimnih alkoholičara, idete li u crkvu ili ne idete. A kada su te informacije o vama ujedinjene s tim istim informacijama o drugima, vlasti mogu dobiti detaljnu sliku privatnih interakcija građana.
This information used to be private. Thanks to modern technology, the government knows far too much about what happens behind closed doors. And local police departments make decisions about who they think you are based on this information.
Ove informacije su nekada bile privatne. Zahvaljujući modernoj tehnologiji, vlasti znaju puno previše što se događa iza zatvorenih vrata. Lokalni policijski uredi donose odluke što oni misle da ste vi na temelju tih informacija.
One of the key technologies driving mass location tracking is the innocuous-sounding Automatic License Plate Reader. If you haven't seen one, it's probably because you didn't know what to look for -- they're everywhere. Mounted on roads or on police cars, Automatic License Plate Readers capture images of every passing car and convert the license plate into machine-readable text so that they can be checked against hot lists of cars potentially wanted for wrongdoing.
Jedna od ključnih tehnologija masovnog lokacijskog praćenja zvuči jako bezopasno. automatski čitač registacijskih tablica. Ako ga niste vidjeli, vjerojatno niste znali što tražite, jer su posvuda. Nalaze se na cestama ili policijskim automobilima, i čine snimke svakoga automobila te pretvaraju slike tablice u tekst koji računalo može prepoznati, kako bi ih se moglo usporediti s listom sumnjivih automobila koji su možda sudjelovali u počinjenim zločinima.
But more than that, increasingly, local police departments are keeping records not just of people wanted for wrongdoing, but of every plate that passes them by, resulting in the collection of mass quantities of data about where Americans have gone. Did you know this was happening?
Ali je češće, i s tendencijom rasta, da lokalni policijski uredi čuvaju snimke ne samo onih koji se traže zbog zločina, nego i snimke svake snimljene registracije, a rezultat toga je masovna količina podataka o kretanjima Amerikanca. Jeste li znali za to?
When Mike Katz-Lacabe asked his local police department for information about the plate reader data they had on him, this is what they got: in addition to the date, time and location, the police department had photographs that captured where he was going and often who he was with. The second photo from the top is a picture of Mike and his two daughters getting out of their car in their own driveway. The government has hundreds of photos like this about Mike going about his daily life. And if you drive a car in the United States, I would bet money that they have photographs like this of you going about your daily life.
Kada je Mike Katz-Lacabe zatražio u lokalnom policijskom uredu podatke koje je čitač registracijskih tablica snimio o njemu, ovo je dobio: osim datuma, vremena i lokacije, policijski ured je posjedovao fotografije koje su prikazivale kamo je išao, i često, s kime. Druga fotografija odozgo je slika Mikea i njegove dvije kćeri kako izlaze iz automobila na njihovom vlastitom prilazu. Vlasti su u posjedu stotina fotografija kao što je ova o svakodnevnom Mikeovom životu. Ako vozite automobil u SAD-u, kladim se da postoje fotografije poput ovih, o vašem svakodnevnom životu.
Mike hasn't done anything wrong. Why is it okay that the government is keeping all of this information? The reason it's happening is because, as the cost of storing this data has plummeted, the police departments simply hang on to it, just in case it could be useful someday. The issue is not just that one police department is gathering this information in isolation or even that multiple police departments are doing it. At the same time, the federal government is collecting all of these individual pots of data, and pooling them together into one vast database with hundreds of millions of hits, showing where Americans have traveled. This document from the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration, which is one of the agencies primarily interested in this, is one of several that reveal the existence of this database. Meanwhile, in New York City, the NYPD has driven police cars equipped with license plate readers past mosques in order to figure out who is attending.
Mike nije napravio nikakav zločin. Zašto onda vladine organizacije čuvaju sve ove informacije? Razlog tome je drastičan pad troška pohrane podataka, pa ih policija čuva u slučaju da bi jednog dana mogli biti od koristi. No, problem nije u tome što jedan policijski ured skuplja te informacije neovisno, čak ni što to radi više policijskih ureda. Nego istovremeno, vlada prikuplja sve te skupine podataka o pojednicima, i objedinjuje ih u ogromnu bazu podataka sa stotinu milijuna unesenih podataka, koja pokazuju putovanja Amerikanaca. Ovaj dokument Agencije za suzbijanje droge, jedne od agencija čiji je to primarni interes, jedan je od njih nekoliko koji dokazuju postojanje te baze podataka. U međuvremenu, u New Yorku, policajci su se s vozilima opremljenima čitačima registracijskih tablica, vozili pored džamija kako bi otkrili tko su njihovi posjetitelji.
The uses and abuses of this technology aren't limited to the United States. In the U.K., the police department put 80-year-old John Kat on a plate reader watch list after he had attended dozens of lawful political demonstrations where he liked to sit on a bench and sketch the attendees.
Upotrebe i zloupotrebe ove tehnologije ne događaju se samo u SAD-u. U Ujedinjenom kraljevstvu policija je 80-godišnjeg John Kata stavila na listu tablica koje se prate, nakon što je sudjelovao u desetak zakonitih političkih demonstracija, tijekom kojih je sjedio na klupi i skicirao sudionike.
License plate readers aren't the only mass location tracking technology available to law enforcement agents today. Through a technique known as a cell tower dump, law enforcement agents can uncover who was using one or more cell towers at a particular time, a technique which has been known to reveal the location of tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of people. Also, using a device known as a StingRay, law enforcement agents can send tracking signals inside people's houses to identify the cell phones located there. And if they don't know which house to target, they've been known to drive this technology around through whole neighborhoods.
Čitači registracijskih tablica nisu jedina tehnologija masivnog lokacijskog praćenja dostupna organima koji provode zakon. Koristeći podatke koje prikupljaju telekomunikacijski tornjevi, policijski organi mogu otkriti tko je koristio jedan ili više toranja u određeno vrijeme, tehnikom koja može otkriti lokaciju desetina tisuća ili čak stotina tisuća ljudi. Također, koristeći uređaj poznat kao "StingRay", policijski organi mogu poslati signalne markere kako bi identificirali mobilne telefone koji se nalaze u kući. A ako ne znaju koju kuću trebaju "pretražiti", znali su je primijeniti na čitavo susjedstvo. Fergusonska policija posjeduje visoko tehnološku vojnu opremu i oružje,
Just as the police in Ferguson possess high-tech military weapons and equipment, so too do police departments across the United States possess high-tech surveillance gear. Just because you don't see it, doesn't mean it's not there.
jednako tako i policija SAD-a posjeduje visoko tehnološku opremu za nadzor. Samo zato što ju ne vidite, ne znači da ona ne postoji. Pitanje je što bismo mi trebali učiniti u vezi toga?
The question is, what should we do about this? I think this poses a serious civil liberties threat. History has shown that once the police have massive quantities of data, tracking the movements of innocent people, it gets abused, maybe for blackmail, maybe for political advantage, or maybe for simple voyeurism.
Mislim da se ovdje radi o ozbiljnom ugrožavanju slobode građana. Povijest je pokazala da kada policija posjeduje ogromne količine podataka, koje dobiva praćenjem kretanja nevinih ljudi, oni postaju pogodni za zloupotrebu, možda za ucjenu, možda za političku prednost, a možda zbog voajerizma.
Fortunately, there are steps we can take. Local police departments can be governed by the city councils, which can pass laws requiring the police to dispose of the data about innocent people while allowing the legitimate uses of the technology to go forward. Thank you. (Applause).
Srećom, nešto možemo poduzeti. Lokalnim policijskim uredima mogu upravljati gradska vijeća, koja mogu izglasati zakone koji će od policije zahtijevati uništavanje podatka ljudi koji nisu osumnjičeni, istodobno omogućujući napredak zakonite uporabe tih tehnologija. Hvala vam. (Pljesak)