I'm going to talk about hackers. And the image that comes to your mind when I say that word is probably not of Benjamin Franklin, but I'm going to explain to you why it should be.
Pričaću vam o hakerima. Ono što vam pada na pamet kada kažem tu reč, verovatno nije slika Bendžamina Frenklina, ali objasniću vam zašto bi trebalo da bude tako.
The image that comes to your mind is probably more likely of a pasty kid sitting in a basement doing something mischievous, or of a shady criminal who is trying to steal your identity, or of an international rogue with a political agenda. And mainstream culture has kind of fed this idea that hackers are people that we should be afraid of.
Slika koja vam pada na pamet je verovatno slika bledunjavog klinca koji sedi u podrumu i pravi neku štetu, ili sumnjivog kriminalca koji pokušava da ukrade vaš identitet, ili međunarodnog prevaranta sa političkim ciljem. Mejnstrim kultura je raširila ovu ideju da su hakeri ljudi kojih treba da se plašimo.
But like most things in technology and the technology world, hacking has equal power for good as it has for evil. For every hacker that's trying to steal your identity there's one that's building a tool that will help you find your loved ones after a disaster or to monitor environmental quality after an oil spill. Hacking is really just any amateur innovation on an existing system, and it is a deeply democratic activity. It's about critical thinking. It's about questioning existing ways of doing things. It's the idea that if you see a problem, you work to fix it, and not just complain about it. And in many ways, hacking is what built America. Betsy Ross was a hacker. The Underground Railroad was a brilliant hack. And from the Wright brothers to Steve Jobs, hacking has always been at the foundation of American democracy.
Ali kao i većina stvari u tehnologiji i za svet tehnologije, hakovanje ima jednaku moć za dobre, kao i za loše stvari. Na svakog hakera koji hoće da ukrade vaš identitet dolazi jedan koji gradi alatku koja će vam pomoći da pronađete svoje voljene posle katastrofe Ili da pratite kvalitet životne sredine nakon izlivanja nafte. Hakovanje je u stvari bilo koja amaterska novina na postojećem sistemu, i to je duboko demokratska aktivnost. Ona je u vezi sa kritičkim razmišljanjem. Sa preispitivanjem postojećih načina da se nešto uradi. To je ideja da kad vidiš problem, radiš da ga rešiš, umesto da se žališ na njega. I na mnogo načina, hakovanje je izgradilo Ameriku. Betsi Ros je bila haker. "Podzemna železnica" je bila brilijantno hakovanje. Od braće Rajt do Stiva Džobsa, hakovanje je uvek bilo u osnovama američke demokratje.
So if there's one thing I want to leave you here with today, it's that the next time you think about who a hacker is, you think not of this guy but of this guy, Benjamin Franklin, who was one of the greatest hackers of all time. He was one of America's most prolific inventors, though he famously never filed a patent, because he thought that all human knowledge should be freely available. He brought us bifocals and the lightning rod, and of course there was his collaboration on the invention of American democracy.
Ako postoji jedna stvar koju želim da vam prenesem danas, to je da, kad sledeći put pomislite na hakere, ne pomislite na ovog tipa, već na ovog, Bendžamina Frenklina, koji je bio jedan od najvećih hakera svih vremena. Bio je jedan od najplodnijih američkih pronalazača, iako je poznato da nikada nije prijavio nijedan patent, jer je mislio da svo ljudsko znanje treba da bude slobodno dostupno. Dao nam je bifokalna stakla i gromobran, a tu je, naravno, bila i njegova saradnja na stvaranju američke demokratije.
And in Code For America, we really try to embody the spirit of Ben Franklin. He was a tinkerer and a statesman whose conception of citizenship was always predicated on action. He believed that government could be built by the people, and we call those people civic hackers.
U "Kodu za Ameriku" zaista pokušavamo da oživimo duh Bena Frenklina. Bio je majstor za popravke i državnik čije je shvatanje građanstva uvek bilo praćeno akcijom. Verovao je da vladu mogu da izgrade ljudi, i njih zovemo civilni hakeri.
So it's no wonder that the values that underly a healthy democracy, like collaboration and empowerment and participation and enterprise, are the same values that underly the Internet. And so it's no surprise that many hackers are turning their attention to the problem of government.
I nije čudo što su vrednosti koje su osnova zdrave demokratije, kao što su saradnja i osnaživanje, učestvovanje i preduzimljivost, one iste vrednosti koje su u osnovi interneta. I nije ni čudo što mnogi hakeri skreću svoju pažnju na probleme vlasti.
But before I give you a few examples of what civic hacking looks like, I want to make clear that you don't have to be a programmer to be a civic hacker. You just have to believe that you can bring a 21st-century tool set to bear on the problems that government faces. And we hear all the time from our community of civic hackers at Code for America that they didn't understand how much nontechnical work actually went into civic hacking projects. So keep that in mind. All of you are potential civic hackers.
Pre nego što vam dam par primera civilnog hakovanja, Hoću da razjasnim da ne morate da budete programer da biste bili civilni haker. Samo treba da verujete da možete da napravite alatku 21. veka koja će da se nosi sa problemima sa kojima se suočava vlada. Stalno slušamo iz naše zajednice civilnih hakera u "Kodu za Ameriku", da nisu imali pojma koliko netehničkog rada u stvari ode na projekte civilnog hakovanja. Tako da, imajte to na umu. Svi ste vi potencijalni civilni hakeri.
So what does civic hacking look like? Our team last year in Honolulu, which in this case was three full-time fellows who were doing a year of public service, were asked by the city to rebuild the website. And it's a massive thing of tens of thousands of pages which just wasn't going to be possible in the few months that they had. So instead, they decided to build a parallel site that better conformed to how citizens actually want to interact with information on a city website. They're looking for answers to questions, and they want to take action when they're done, which is really hard to do from a site that looks like this. So our team built Honolulu Answers, which is a super-simple search interface where you enter a search term or a question and get back plain language answers that drive a user towards action. Now the site itself was easy enough to build, but the team was faced with the challenge of how they populate all of the content. It would have taken the three of them a very long time, especially given that none of them are actually from Honolulu. And so they did something that's really radical, when you think about how government is used to working. They asked citizens to write the content. So you've heard of a hack-a-thon. They held a write-a-thon, where on one Saturday afternoon -- ("What do I do about wild pigs being a nuisance?") (Laughter) — Wild pigs are a huge problem in Honolulu, apparently. In one Saturday afternoon, they were able to populate most of the content for most of the frequently asked questions, but more importantly than that, they created a new way for citizens to participate in their government.
Kako izgledaju civilni hakeri? Prošle godine, naš tim u Honoluluu - u ovom slučaju je to bilo troje naših kolega koji su radili jednu godinu javne službe - grad ih je zamolio da preprave vebsajt. A to je obimna stvar sa desetinama hiljada strana i to nije bilo moguće za nekoliko meseci koliko su imali. I umesto toga odlučili su da naprave paralelan sajt koji je više odgovarao načinu na koji građani traže informacije na sajtu grada. Tražili su odgovore na pitanja, i hteli su da preduzmu nešto kad završe, što je teško učiniti sa sajta koji izgleda ovako. Pa je naš tim napravio "Honolulu odgovore", koji je jako jednostavan pretraživač, gde ukucate termin za pretragu ili pitanje i dobijete jednostavne odgovore koji vode korisnika ka akciji. Sam sajt je bilo lako napraviti, ali je tim bio suočen sa izazovom kako da popuni sav sadržaj. Za njih troje to bi oduzelo mnogo vremena, pogotovo što niko od njih nije iz Honolulua. A onda su uradili nešto jako radikalno u odnosu na to kako je vlada radila. Zamolili su građane da napišu sadržaj. Čuli ste za "hakaton". Oni su održali "pisaton", gde se jednog subotnjeg popodneva - ("Šta da radim kad mi smetaju divlje svinje?") (Smeh) - Izgleda da su divlje svinje veliki problem u Honoluluu. Jednog nedeljnog popodneva, uspeli su da popune većinu sadržaja za većinu često postavljanih pitanja, ali, što je važnije od toga, stvorili su nov način da se učestvuje u vlasti
Now, I think this is a really cool story in and of itself, but it gets more awesome. On the National Day of Civic Hacking this past June in Oakland, where I live, the Code For America team in Oakland took the open source code base of Honolulu Answers and turned it into Oakland Answers, and again we held a write-a-thon where we took the most frequently asked questions and had citizens write the answers to them, and I got into the act. I authored this answer, and a few others. And I'm trying to this day to articulate the sense of empowerment and responsibility that I feel for the place that I live based simply on this small act of participation. And by stitching together my small act with the thousands of other small acts of participation that we're enabling through civic hacking, we think we can reenergize citizenship and restore trust in government.
Mislim da je ova priča zaista kul, ali postaje i još bolja. Na nacionalnom Danu civilnog hakovanja prošlog juna u Ouklendu, gde ja živim, tim "Koda za Ameriku" u Ouklendu je uzeo bazu otvorenog koda iz "Honulu odgovora" i pretvorio je u "Ouklend odgovore", i opet smo održali "pisaton", gde smo uzeli najčešće postavljana pitanja i građani su odgovarali na njih, i ja sam bila deo toga. Napisala sam ovaj odgovor i nekoliko drugih. I do današnjeg dana pokušavam da izrazim osećaj osnaživanja i odgovornosti koje osećam prema mestu gde živim samo na osnovu čina ovog malog učestvovanja. Spajanjem mog malog dela sa hiljadama drugih koje omogućavamo kroz civilno hakovanje, možemo da unesemo novu energiju građanstvu i povratimo veru u vladu.
At this point, you may be wondering what city officials think of all this. They actually love it. As most of you guys know, cities are being asked every day to do more with less, and they're always looking for innovative solutions to entrenched problems. So when you give citizens a way to participate beyond attending a town hall meeting, cities can actually capture the capacity in their communities to do the business of government.
Sad se pitate šta gradske vlasti misle o svemu tome. Oni to u stvari vole. Kao što većina vas već zna, od gradova se svakog dana traži da sa manje sredstava urade više, i oni uvek traže inovativna rešenja za ukorenjene probleme. Kada date građanima da učestvuju izvan učestvovanja na gradskim skupštinama, gradovi mogu da vide mogućnost svojih zajednica da rade poslove vlade.
Now I don't want to leave the impression that civic hacking is just an American phenomenon. It's happening across the globe, and one of my favorite examples is from Mexico City, where earlier this year, the Mexico House of Representatives entered into a contract with a software development firm to build an app that legislators would use to track bills. So this was just for the handful of legislators in the House. And the contract was a two-year contract for 9.3 million dollars. Now a lot of people were really angry about this, especially geeks who knew that 9.3 million dollars was an absolutely outrageous amount of money for what was a very simple app. But instead of taking to the streets, they issued a challenge. They asked programmers in Mexico to build something better and cheaper, and they offered a prize of 9,300 dollars -- 10,000 times cheaper than the government contract, and they gave the entrants 10 days. And in those 10 days, they submitted 173 apps, five of which were presented to Congress and are still in the app store today. And because of this action, that contract was vacated, and now this has sparked a movement in Mexico City which is home to one of our partners, Code for Mexico City.
Ne želim da ostavim utisak da je civilno hakovanje samo američki fenomen. Dešava se po celoj planeti, i jedan od mojih omiljenih primera je iz Meksiko Sitija, gde je ranije ove godine, meksički Predstavnički dom napravio ugovor sa softverskom firmom da se napravi aplikacija koju će koristiti zakonodavci da bi pratili plaćanje. To je bilo samo za nekoliko zakonodavaca u Domu. To je bio dvogodišnji ugovor od 9,3 miliona dolara. Mnogo ljudi je bilo ljuto zbog toga, posebno zaluđenici, koji su znali da je 9,3 miliona dolara potpuno sumanut iznos za jednu tako jednostavnu aplikaciju. I umesto da izađu na ulice, napravili su izazov. Zamolili su programere iz Meksika da naprave nešto bolje i jeftinije i za to su ponudili nagradu od 9.300 dolara - 10.000 puta jeftinije od ugovora sa vladom, i dali kandidatima 10 dana za to. Za tih deset dana, podnete su 173 aplikacije, njih pet je predstavljeno kongresu i danas su dostupne u prodavnici aplikacija. I zbog ove akcije, taj ugovor je poništen, i to je podstaklo novi pokret u Meksiko sitiju koji je dom jednog od naših partnera, "Kod za Meksiko Siti".
And so what you see in all three of these places, in Honolulu and in Oakland and in Mexico City, are the elements that are at the core of civic hacking. It's citizens who saw things that could be working better and they decided to fix them, and through that work, they're creating a 21st-century ecosystem of participation. They're creating a whole new set of ways for citizens to be involved, besides voting or signing a petition or protesting. They can actually build government.
Ono što vidite na svakom od ova tri mesta, u Honoluluu, Ouklendu i Meksiko Sitiju, su elementi koji su osnova civilnog hakovanja. Građani su uvideli da stvari mogu da fukncionišu bolje i odlučili da ih poprave, i kroz taj rad stvaraju ekosistem učestvovanja 21. veka. Stvaraju čitav komplet novih načina da građani budu uključeni, pored glasanja ili potpisivanja peticije ili protestovanja. Oni zapravo mogu da izgrade vladu.
So back to our friend Ben Franklin, who, one of his lesser-known accomplishments was that in 1736 he founded the first volunteer firefighting company in Philadelphia, called a brigade. And it's because he and his friends noticed that the city was having trouble keeping up with all the fires that were happening in the city, so in true civic hacker fashion, they built a solution.
I da se vratimo na našeg prijatelja Bena Frenklina. Jedan od njegovih manje poznatih podviga jeste da je 1736. osnovao prvo volontersko vatrogasno udruženje u Filadelfiji, nazvano brigada. To je zato što su on i njegovi prijatelji primetili da grad ima problema da ugasi sve požare koji se dešavaju po gradu, pa su, u stilu pravih civilnih hakera, izgradili rešenje.
And we have our own brigades at Code for America working on the projects that I've just described, and we want to ask you to follow in Ben Franklin's footsteps and come join us. We have 31 brigades in the U.S. We are pleased to announce today that we're opening up the brigade to international cities for the first time, starting with cities in Poland and Japan and Ireland. You can find out if there's a brigade where you live at brigade.codeforamerica.org, and if there's not a brigade where you live, we will help you. We've created a tool kit which also lives at brigade.codeforamerica.org, and we will support you along the way. Our goal is to create a global network of civic hackers who are innovating on the existing system in order to build tools that will solve entrenched problems, that will support local government, and that will empower citizens.
I mi imamo svoje brigade u "Kodu za Ameriku" koje rade na projektima koje sam upravo opisala, i želimo da vas zamolimo da idete stopama Bena Frenklina i da nam se pridružite. Imamo 31 brigadu u SAD. Sa zadovoljstvom danas objavljujemo da otvaramo brigadu za međunarodne gradove po prvi put, počevši od gradova u Poljskoj, Japanu i Irskoj. Da saznate da li postoji brigada tamo gde vi živite idite na brigade.codeforamerica.org, i ako nema brigade tamo gde živite, pomoći ćemo vam. Napravili smo set alatki koje se takođe nalaze na brigade.codeforamerica.org, i koje će vam pomoći u tome. Naš cilj je da stvorimo globalnu mrežu civilnih hakera koji prave inovacije na postojećim sistemima da bi napravili alatke koje će rešiti ukorenjene probleme, koje će podržavati lokalne vlasti, i što će osnažiti građane.
So please come hack with us.
Molim vas dođite i hakujte sa nama.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)