So, on the day after the Brexit vote, in June 2016, when Britain woke up to the shock of discovering that we're leaving the European Union, my editor at the "Observer" newspaper in the UK asked me to go back to South Wales, where I grew up, and to write a report.
Dakle, dan nakon Breksita, juna 2016. godine kada se Britanija probudila u šoku, otkrivši da napuštamo Evropsku uniju, moj urednik iz britanskih novina „Obzerver” zatražio mi je da pođem do Južnog Velsa u kom sam odrasla i da napišem reportažu.
And so I went to a town called Ebbw Vale. Here it is. It’s in the South Wales Valleys, which is this quite special place. It’s always had this very, sort of rich, working-class culture, and it's famous for its Welsh male voice choirs and rugby and its coal. But when I was a teenager, the coal mines and the steelworks closed, and the entire area was devastated. And I went there because it had one of the highest "Leave" votes in the country. Sixty-two percent of the people here voted to leave the European Union. And I wanted to know why.
Pa sam otišla u grad koji se naziva Ebi Vejl. Evo ga. Nalazi se u južnovelškim dolinama, a to je ovo prilično posebno mesto. Dakle, grad ima nekako bogatu kulturu radničke klase i poznat je po velškim muškim horovima, ragbiju i uglju. Međutim, kad sam bila tinejdžerka, rudnici uglja i čeličane su zatvoreni i čitava oblast je bila uništena. A tamo sam išla jer je taj grad imao najveći broj glasova za izlazak iz EU. Ovde je 62 procenta ljudi glasalo da napusti Evropsku uniju. A ja sam želela da znam zašto.
When I got there, I was just a bit taken aback, because the last time I went to Ebbw Vale, it looked like this. And now, it looks like this. This is a new 33-million-pound college of further education that was mostly funded by the European Union. And this is the new sports center that's at the middle of 350-million-pound regeneration project that's being funded by the European Union. And this is the new 77-million-pound road-improvement scheme, and there's a new train line, a new railway station, and they're all being funded by the European Union. And it's not as if any of this is a secret, because there's big signs like this everywhere.
Kada sam stigla tamo, bila sam malo zatečena jer poslednji put kad sam bila u Ebi Vejlu, izgledao je ovako. A sada izgleda ovako. Ovo je novi fakultet za dalje usavršavanje vredan 33 miliona funti koji je većim delom finansirala Evropska unija. A ovo je novi sportski centar koji je u središtu projekta obnove vrednog 350 miliona funti koji finansira Evropska unija. A ovo je shema unapređenja putne infrastrukture vredna 77 miliona funti, a imaju i novu železničku liniju, novu železničku stanicu i sve je to finansirala Evropska unija. A ne radi se o nekakvoj tajni jer su ovi veliki znaci svuda.
[EU Funds: Investing in Wales]
[EU fondovi: ulaganje u Vels]
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
I had this sort of weird sense of unreality, walking around the town. And it came to a head when I met this young man in front of the sports center. And he told me that he had voted to leave because the European Union had done nothing for him. He was fed up with it. And all around town, people told me the same thing. They said that they wanted to take back control, which was one of the slogans in the campaign. And they told me that they were most fed up with the immigrants and with the refugees. They'd had enough.
Imala sam taj nekakav čudan osećaj nerealnog šetajući gradom. A razbistrilo mi se kad sam upoznala ovog mladića ispred sportskog centra. A on mi je rekao da je glasao za izlazak jer Evropska unija nije uradila ništa za njega. Bio je sit Evropske unije. I svuda po gradu, ljudi su mi govorili isto. Govorili su da žele da povrate kontrolu, to je bio i jedan od slogana tokom kampanje. I rekl su mi da su uglavnom siti imigranata i izbeglica. Dosta im je.
Which was odd. Because walking around, I didn't meet any immigrants or refugees. I met one Polish woman who told me she was practically the only foreigner in town. And when I checked the figures, I discovered that Ebbw Vale actually has one of the lowest rates of immigration in the country. And so I was just a bit baffled, because I couldn't really understand where people were getting their information from. Because it was the right-wing tabloid newspapers which printed all these stories about immigration. And this is a very much left-wing Labour stronghold.
A to je čudno. Jer šetajući gradom, nisam uopšte sretala imigrante ili izbeglice. Upoznala sam jednu Poljakinju koja mi je rekla da je praktično jedini stranac u gradu. A kada sam proverila cifre, otkrila sam da Ebi Vejl zapravo ima jednu od najnižih stopa imigracije u državi. Pa sam bila prosto malčice zbunjena jer nisam mogla da razumem odakle ljudi dobavljaju informacije. Zato što su tabloidne novine desnog krila štampale sve te priče o imigraciji. A grad je uglavnom laburističo-levičarsko uporište.
But then after the article came out, this woman got in touch with me. And she was from Ebbw Vale, and she told me about all this stuff that she'd seen on Facebook. I was like, “What stuff?” And she said it was all this quite scary stuff about immigration, and especially about Turkey. So I tried to find it. But there was nothing there. Because there's no archive of ads that people had seen or what had been pushed into their news feeds. No trace of anything, gone completely dark.
Međutim, kada je izašao moj članak, ova žena je stupila sa mnom u kontakt. Ona je iz Ebi Vejla i rekla mi je za sve te stvari koje je videla na Fejsbuku. Bila sam u fazonu, „Šta?” A rekla je da se radilo o krajnje strašnim stvarima o imigraciji, a naročito o Turskoj. Pa sam pokušala da to nađem. Međutim, ničeg nije bilo. Jer ne postoji arhiva reklama koje su ljudi videli ili onoga što je umetnuto u njihovu stranicu za vesti. Nikakvog traga o bilo čemu, sve je utihnulo.
And this referendum that will have this profound effect forever on Britain -- it's already had a profound effect: the Japanese car manufacturers that came to Wales and the north east to replace the mining jobs -- they are already going because of Brexit. And this entire referendum took place in darkness, because it took place on Facebook. And what happens on Facebook stays on Facebook, because only you see your news feed, and then it vanishes, so it's impossible to research anything. So we have no idea who saw what ads or what impact they had, or what data was used to target these people. Or even who placed the ads, or how much money was spent, or even what nationality they were.
A ovaj referendum koji će da ima istinski efekat na Britaniju zauvek - već je imao istinski efekat: japanski proizvođači automobila koji su došli u Vels i na severoistok da zamene rudarske poslove - već odlaze zbog Breksita. A čitav ovaj referendum se desio pod velom tame jer se desio na Fejsbuku. A ono što se desi na Fejsbuku, ostaje na Fejsbuku jer samo vi vidite vaše vesti, a potom one nestaju, te je nemoguće istražiti bilo šta. Pa nemamo nikakvu predstavu ko je video koje reklame ili kakav uticaj su one imale ili koji su podaci korišćeni da se ciljaju ovi ljudi. Ili čak ko je postavio reklame ili koliko je novca potrošeno ili, pak, koje su nacionalnosti bili.
But Facebook does. Facebook has these answers, and it's refused to give them to us. Our parliament has asked Mark Zuckerberg multiple times to come to Britain and to give us these answers. And every single time, he's refused. And you have to wonder why.
Međutim, Fejsbuk zna. Fejsbuk ima ove odgovore i odbili su da nam ih daju. Naš parlament je više puta zatražio od Marka Zakerberga da dođe u Britaniju i da nam da ove odgovore. A on je to odbio svaki put. I morate da se zapitate zašto.
Because what I and other journalists have uncovered is that multiple crimes took place during the referendum. And they took place on Facebook.
Jer ono što smo ja i drugi novinari otrkili je da je došlo do više nezakonitosti tokom referenduma. A sve su se desile na Fejsbuku.
It's because in Britain, we limit the amount of money that you can spend in an election. And it's because in the 19th century, people would walk around with literally wheelbarrows of cash and just buy voters. So we passed these strict laws to stop that from happening. But those laws don't work anymore.
Zato što u Britaniji ograničavamo količinu novca koju možete da potrošite na izbore. A to je tako zato što su u XIX veku ljudi šetali okolo bukvalno sa kolicima punim novca i prosto su kupovali glasače. Pa smo usvojili ove stroge zakone kako bismo tu praksu zaustavili. Međutim, ti zakoni više ne važe.
This referendum took place almost entirely online. And you can spend any amount of money on Facebook or on Google or on YouTube ads and nobody will know, because they're black boxes. And this is what happened.
Ovaj referendum se desio skoro u potpunosti na internetu. A možete da potrošite koliko hoćete novca na reklame na Fejsbuku, Guglu ili Jutjubu i niko neće znati jer se radi o crnim kutijama. A upravo to se i desilo.
We've actually got no idea of the full extent of it. But we do know that in the last days before the Brexit vote, the official "Vote Leave" campaign laundered nearly three quarters of a million pounds through another campaign entity that our electoral commission has ruled was illegal, and it's referred it to the police.
Mi zapravo nemamo ni predstavu o punom opsegu ovoga. Međutim, znamo da je poslednjih dana pred glasanje na Breksitu zvanična kampanja „Glasaj za izlazak” oprala skoro tri četvrtine miliona funti preko drugog kampanjskog subjekta koji je naša izborna komisija izglasala kao nezakonitog i predala ga policiji.
And with this illegal cash, "Vote Leave" unleashed a fire hose of disinformation. Ads like this.
A ovim nezakonitim novcem, „Glasaj za izalazak” je oslobodila lavinu lažnih informacija. Ovakve reklame.
[Turkey's 76m people joining the EU]
[76 miliona Turaka pristupa EU]
This is a lie, it's a total lie. Turkey is not joining the European Union. There's not even any discussions of it joining the European Union. And most of us, we never saw these ads, because we were not the target of them. "Vote Leave" identified a tiny sliver of people who it identified as persuadable, and they saw them. And the only reason we are seeing these now is because parliament forced Facebook to hand them over.
Ovo je laž, apsolutna laž. Turska se ne pridružuje Evropskoj uniji. Čak ne postoje ni pregovori o pristupanju Evropskoj uniji. A većina nas nikad nije ni videla ove reklame jer mi nismo bili njihova ciljna grupa. „Glasaj za izlazak” je identifikovala manje ogranke ljudi koje je prepoznala kao povodljive i ti ljudi su ih videli. A jedini razlog zašto ih mi sada vidimo je jer je parlament naterao Fejsbuk da ih preda.
And maybe you think, "Well, it was just a bit of overspending. It's a few lies." But this was the biggest electoral fraud in Britain for 100 years. In a once-in-a-generation vote that hinged upon just one percent of the electorate. And it was just one of the crimes that took place in the referendum.
I možda mislite: „Pa, radilo se tek o malo većem trošku. Radi se o nekoliko laži.” Međutim, ovo je najveća izborna prevara u Britaniji tokom stotinu godina. Tokom glasanja koje se dešava jednom u generaciji koje je zavisilo od svega jednog procenta izbornog tela. A radi se o tek jednom od zločina koji su se desili tokom referenduma.
There was another group, which was headed by this man, Nigel Farage, the one to the right of Trump. And his group, "Leave.EU" -- it also broke the law. It broke British electoral laws and British data laws, and it's also being referred to the police. And this man, Arron Banks, he funded this campaign. And in a completely separate case, he's being referred to our National Crime Agency, our equivalent of the FBI, because our electoral commission has concluded they don't know where his money came from. Or if it was even British. And I’m not even going to go into the weird timing of Nigel Farage’s meetings with Julian Assange and with Trump's buddy, Roger Stone, now indicted, immediately before two massive WikiLeaks dumps, both of which happened to benefit Donald Trump. But I will tell you that Brexit and Trump were intimately entwined. This man told me that Brexit was the petri dish for Trump. And we know it's the same people, the same companies, the same data, the same techniques, the same use of hate and fear.
Potojala je još jedna grupa predvođena ovim čovekom, Najdželom Faražom, to je ovaj desno od Trampa. A njegova grupa „Napusti.EU” je takođe prekršila zakon. Prekršila je britanske izborne zakone i britanske zakone o podacima i takođe su predati policiji. A ovaj čovek, Aron Benks, on je finansirao ovu kampanju. I zbog potpuno različitog slučaja, pod istragom je naše Nacionalne agencije za kriminal, našeg pandana FBI-u jer je naša izborna komisija zaključila da ne znaju odakle mu je stizao novac. I da li je uopšte britanskog porekla. A neću ni da zalazim u laži koje je Aron Benks ispričao o njegovim tajnim vezama sa ruskom vladom. Ili o neobičnoj slučajnosti susreta Najdžela Faraža sa Džulijanom Asanžom i sa Trampovim drugarom, Rodžerom Stonom, trenutno optuženim, neposredno pred dva ogromna Vikiliks curenja od kojih su oba bila od koristi za Donalda Trampa. Međutim, reći ću vam da su Breksit i Tramp prisno isprepletani. Ovaj čovek mi je rekao da je Breksit zamorče za Trampa.
This is what they were posting on Facebook. And I don't even want to call this a lie,
A znamo da se radi o istim ljudima, istim firmama, istim podacima, istim tehnikama,
[Immigration without assimilation equals invasion]
istoj upotrebi mržnje i straha.
because it feels more like a hate crime to me.
Evo šta su postavljali na Fejsbuku. A ovo ni ne želim da nazivam laži,
I don't have to tell you that hate and fear are being sown online all across the world. Not just in Britain and America, but in France and in Hungary and Brazil and Myanmar and New Zealand. And we know there is this dark undertow which is connecting us all globally. And it is flowing via the technology platforms. But we only see a tiny amount of what's going on on the surface.
[Imigracija bez asimilacije je jednaka invaziji] jer mi više liči na zločin mržnje. Ne moram da vam govorim da mržnju i strah seju širom sveta po internetu. Ne samo u Britaniji i Americi, već i u Francuskoj, Mađarskoj, Brazilu, Mjanmaru i Novom Zelandu. Znamo da postoji ta mračna struja koja nas globalno povezuje.
And I only found out anything about this dark underbelly because I started looking into Trump's relationship to Farage, into a company called Cambridge Analytica. And I spent months tracking down an ex-employee, Christopher Wiley. And he told me how this company, that worked for both Trump and Brexit, had profiled people politically in order to understand their individual fears, to better target them with Facebook ads. And it did this by illicitly harvesting the profiles of 87 million people from Facebook. It took an entire year's work to get Christopher on the record. And I had to turn myself from a feature writer into an investigative reporter to do it. And he was extraordinarily brave, because the company is owned by Robert Mercer, the billionaire who bankrolled Trump, and he threatened to sue us multiple times, to stop us from publishing.
A ona teče tehnološkim platformama. Međutim, mi tek vidimo sićušni deo onoga što se dešava na površini. A jedino sam saznala bilo šta o ovom mračnom podzemlju jer sam počela da istražujem Trampove veze sa Faražom i firmom pod nazivom Kembridž analitika. Provela sam mesece tragajući za bivšim radnikom Kristoferom Vajlijem. A on mi je rekao kako je ova firma koja je radila i za Trampa i za Breksit pravila političke profile ljudi kako bi razumeli njihove individualne strahove, kako bi bolje usmeravali Fejsbuk reklame na njih. A to su postigli nezakonito prikupljajući profile 87 miliona ljudi sa Fejsbuka. Potrebna je bila godina rada da Kristofer da zvaničnu izjavu. I ja sam morala da se pretvorim iz dopisnice u istraživačku novinarku da bih to postigla. A on je bio izuzetno hrabar jer je firma u posedu Roberta Mersera,
But we finally got there, and we were one day ahead of publication. We got another legal threat. Not from Cambridge Analytica this time, but from Facebook. It told us that if we publish, they would sue us. We did it anyway.
milijardera koji je finansirao Trampa i koji je više puta pretio da će da nas tuži, kako bi sprečio objavljivanje. Međutim, na kraju smo uspeli i bili smo na dan od objavljivanja. Stigla je još jedna pravna pretnja. Ovaj put ne od Kembridž analitike, već od Fejsbuka.
(Applause)
Rekli su ako objavimo da će da nas tuže. Ipak smo to uradili.
Facebook, you were on the wrong side of history in that. And you were on the wrong side of history in this -- in refusing to give us the answers that we need. And that is why I am here. To address you directly, the gods of Silicon Valley.
(Aplauz) Fejsbuk, tada si bio na pogrešnoj strani istorije. I bili ste na pogrešnoj strani istorije kada ste odbili da nam predate odgovore koji su nam potrebni.
(Applause)
I zato sam ovde.
Mark Zuckerberg ...
Da vam se direktno obratim, bogovi silicijumske doline.
(Applause)
and Sheryl Sandberg and Larry Page and Sergey Brin and Jack Dorsey,
(Aplauz)
Mark Zakerberg -
and your employees and your investors, too. Because 100 years ago, the biggest danger in the South Wales coal mines was gas. Silent and deadly and invisible. It's why they sent the canaries down first to check the air. And in this massive, global, online experiment that we are all living through, we in Britain are the canary. We are what happens to a western democracy when 100 years of electoral laws are disrupted by technology.
(Aplauz) Šeril Sandberg, Leri Pejdž, Sergej Brin i Džek Dorsi, kao i vaši zaposleni i vaši investitori, takođe. Jer je pre stotinu godina najveća opasnost u rudnicima Južnog Velsa bio gas. Tih, smrtonosan i nevidljiv. Zbog toga su prvo slali kanarince da provere vazduh. A u ovom ogromnom, globalnom, internet eksperimentu koji svi proživljavamo, mi Britanci smo kanarinac.
Our democracy is broken, our laws don't work anymore, and it's not me saying this, it’s our parliament published a report saying this. This technology that you have invented has been amazing. But now, it's a crime scene. And you have the evidence. And it is not enough to say that you will do better in the future. Because to have any hope of stopping this from happening again, we have to know the truth.
Mi smo ono što zadesi zapadnu demokratiju kada se stogodišnji izborni zakoni naruše zbog tehnologije. Naša demokratija je nefunkcionalna, naši zakoni više ne deluju, i nisam ja koja to kaže, već je naš parlament objavio izveštaj koji to kaže. Tehnologija koju ste izumeli je bila očaravajuća. Međutim, trenutno, ona je mesto zločina. A vi imate dokaze. I nije dovoljno da kažete kako ćete ubuduće biti bolji.
And maybe you think, "Well, it was just a few ads. And people are smarter than that, right?" To which I would say, "Good luck with that." Because what the Brexit vote demonstrates is that liberal democracy is broken. And you broke it. This is not democracy -- spreading lies in darkness, paid for with illegal cash, from God knows where. It's subversion, and you are accessories to it.
Jer jedina nada koju imamo da sprečimo da se ovo ponovo desi je da moramo da znamo istinu. I možda mislite: „Pa, to je samo nekoliko reklama. Ljudi nisu toliko glupi, zar ne?” Na šta ću da odgovorim: „Samo se nadajte.” Jer ono što je Breksit glasanje pokazalo je da je liberalna demokratija nefunkcionalna. A vi ste je pokvarili. Ovo nije demokratija - širenje laži u mraku, koje su plaćene nezakonitim novcem
(Applause)
sam bog zna odakle. To je podrivanje i vi ste u tome saučesnici.
Our parliament has been the first in the world to try to hold you to account, and it's failed. You are literally beyond the reach of British law -- not just British laws, this is nine parliaments, nine countries are represented here, who Mark Zuckerberg refused to come and give evidence to.
(Aplauz) Naš parlament je bio prvi u svetu koji je pokušao da vas pozove na odgovornost i nije uspeo. Bukvalno ste van domašaja britanskog zakona - ne samo britanskog zakona,
And what you don't seem to understand is that this is bigger than you. And it's bigger than any of us. And it is not about left or right or "Leave" or "Remain" or Trump or not. It's about whether it's actually possible to have a free and fair election ever again. Because as it stands, I don't think it is.
radi se o devet parlamenata, devet država je predstavljeno ovde, kojima je Mark Zakerberg odbio da dođe i preda dokaze. A čini se da ne razumete da je ovo veće od vas. Veće je od bilo koga od nas. I ne radi se o levici ili desnici, „Izaći” ili „Ostati”, Trampu ili ne. Radi se o tome da li je uopšte moguće
And so my question to you is, is this what you want? Is this how you want history to remember you: as the handmaidens to authoritarianism that is on the rise all across the world? Because you set out to connect people. And you are refusing to acknowledge that the same technology is now driving us apart.
ikada više imati slobodne i poštene izbore. Jer kako stoje stvari, ne verujem da jeste. Stoga je moje pitanje upućeno vama: da li je ovo ono što želite? Da li želite da vas istorija zapamti kao sluge autoritarizma koji je širom sveta u usponu? Jer ste se zaputili da povežete ljude.
And my question to everybody else is, is this what we want: to let them get away with it, and to sit back and play with our phones, as this darkness falls?
A odbijate da priznate da nas ista ta tehnologija trenutno razdvaja. A moje pitanje za sve ostale glasi: da li je ovo ono što želimo,
The history of the South Wales Valleys is of a fight for rights. And this is not a drill -- it's a point of inflection. Democracy is not guaranteed, and it is not inevitable, and we have to fight and we have to win and we cannot let these tech companies have this unchecked power. It's up to us -- you, me and all of us. We are the ones who have to take back control.
da se izvuku i da sedimo zavaljeni i igramo se telefonima dok mrak pada? Istorija južnovelških dolina svedoči o borbi za prava. I ne radi se o pokaznoj vežbi - radi se o tački preokreta. Demokratija nije zagarantovana i nije neizbežna, moramo da se borimo, moramo da pobedimo i ne smemo da dozvolimo ovim tehnološkim firmama da imaju nekontrolisanu moć.
(Applause)
Na nama je - vama, meni i svima nama.
(Cheers)
Mi smo ti koji moramo da povratimo kontrolu.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)