Have you ever wondered what animals think and feel? Let's start with a question: Does my dog really love me, or does she just want a treat? Well, it's easy to see that our dog really loves us, easy to see, right, what's going on in that fuzzy little head. What is going on? Something's going on.
你是否疑惑过, 动物们在想些什么,它们能感觉到什么? 从这个问题开始吧: 我的狗是真的爱我呢, 还是只是想要些吃的? 其实很容易看出来, 我们的狗是真的爱我们的, 确实能很容易看出来 它的小脑袋里在想什么。 那它到底在想什么呢? 想些它在想的东西啊。
But why is the question always do they love us? Why is it always about us? Why are we such narcissists? I found a different question to ask animals. Who are you?
可是为什么我们只关注它们是否爱我们? 为什么重心总是围绕我们? 我们为什么如此自恋? 我觉得可以问动物另一个问题: 你是谁?
There are capacities of the human mind that we tend to think are capacities only of the human mind. But is that true? What are other beings doing with those brains? What are they thinking and feeling? Is there a way to know? I think there is a way in. I think there are several ways in. We can look at evolution, we can look at their brains and we can watch what they do.
人脑具有一些特殊能力, 我们认为这些能力 是人脑独有的。 但真是这样吗? 其他动物都用脑子做些什么呢? 它们有怎样的思想和感觉呢? 人类有没有方法去了解它们? 我觉得是可以做到的。 而且有不只一种方法。 我们可以通过观察动物进化的历程, 观察它们的大脑结构, 以及它们的行为特点。
The first thing to remember is: our brain is inherited. The first neurons came from jellyfish. Jellyfish gave rise to the first chordates. The first chordates gave rise to the first vertebrates. The vertebrates came out of the sea, and here we are. But it's still true that a neuron, a nerve cell, looks the same in a crayfish, a bird or you. What does that say about the minds of crayfish? Can we tell anything about that? Well, it turns out that if you give a crayfish a lot of little tiny electric shocks every time it tries to come out of its burrow, it will develop anxiety. If you give the crayfish the same drug used to treat anxiety disorder in humans, it relaxes and comes out and explores. How do we show how much we care about crayfish anxiety? Mostly, we boil them.
我们要记住的第一件事是: 人类的大脑是继承来的。 水母最先进化出神经元。 从水母演化出了第一个脊索动物。 第一个脊索动物演化出了第一个脊椎动物。 脊椎动物从海里出来, 就有了现在的我们。 可是不管是鸟类,小龙虾, 还是你, 你们都有着一样的神经元和神经细胞。 而这些能不能告诉我们 小龙虾脑子里在想什么? 我们能知道吗? 事实证明,如果一只小龙虾 每当它想从地洞里爬出来的时候 你就给它一个小的电击, 可以导致它产生焦虑症。 而如果你给这只小龙虾吃药, 吃给人类焦虑症患者一样的药, 小龙虾也会放松起来, 然后继续出地洞探索。 而我们是怎么判断的 小龙虾是否焦虑呢? 大多数情况下, 我们把它们煮了吃。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Octopuses use tools, as well as do most apes and they recognize human faces. How do we celebrate the ape-like intelligence of this invertebrate? Mostly boiled. If a grouper chases a fish into a crevice in the coral, it will sometimes go to where it knows a moray eel is sleeping and it will signal to the moray, "Follow me," and the moray will understand that signal. The moray may go into the crevice and get the fish, but the fish may bolt and the grouper may get it. This is an ancient partnership that we have just recently found out about. How do we celebrate that ancient partnership? Mostly fried. A pattern is emerging and it says a lot more about us than it does about them.
章鱼会使用工具, 大多数猿类也是如此, 它们还能分辨人脸。 我们对这些聪明的章鱼做了什么? 直接下锅。 如果一只石斑鱼在追赶小鱼的时候 小鱼躲进了珊瑚的裂缝, 他就会去到海鳝睡觉的地方, 对后它会发出信号 给海鳝说:“跟我来。” 海鳝能够理解那个信号。 并跟着进入那个裂缝里 一起去捉小鱼, 小鱼要是再跑出来出来, 外面石斑鱼就抓住它了。 这是一个我们最近才发现的 古老的合作关系。 而我们是怎么对待这份古老友谊的? 我们炸了它们。 当我们了解的越多, 发现的多是关于我们的规律 而不是关于它们的规律。
Sea otters use tools and they take time away from what they're doing to show their babies what to do, which is called teaching. Chimpanzees don't teach. Killer whales teach and killer whales share food.
海獭会使用工具, 它们花时间给宝宝展示 它们正在做什么 好让宝宝也可以跟着它们做, 这就是教学。 黑猩猩没有教学行为。 虎鲸会教学,还会分享食物。
When evolution makes something new, it uses the parts it has in stock, off the shelf, before it fabricates a new twist. And our brain has come to us through the enormity of the deep sweep of time. If you look at the human brain compared to a chimpanzee brain, what you see is we have basically a very big chimpanzee brain. It's a good thing ours is bigger, because we're also really insecure.
当进化创造出新生物时, 总是在现有的基础上 创造出新的转变。 我们的大脑 是经过很长的时间 演化而来的。 如果把人脑和黑猩猩的大脑 做一个对比, 你会发现人脑其实就是 一个放大的猩猩脑而已。 我们有个大一些的大脑其实挺好的, 因为毕竟我们太缺乏安全感了。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
But, uh oh, there's a dolphin, a bigger brain with more convolutions. OK, maybe you're saying, all right, well, we see brains, but what does that have to say about minds? Well, we can see the working of the mind in the logic of behaviors. So these elephants, you can see, obviously, they are resting. They have found a patch of shade under the palm trees under which to let their babies sleep, while they doze but remain vigilant. We make perfect sense of that image just as they make perfect sense of what they're doing because under the arc of the same sun on the same plains, listening to the howls of the same dangers, they became who they are and we became who we are.
这是个海豚的大脑, 更大,而且其中的沟回更多。 也许你会问了, 我们看到了这些大脑, 但是这些和心智有什么关系呢? 正是行为的逻辑 体现出心智。 你们看这些大象, 很显然,它们是在休息。 它们在棕榈树下找到了一块阴凉地, 它们让小象尽情休息, 成年大象打着小盹但依然保持着警惕。 我们能很好地理解眼前的场景, 就像动物们能很好地理解 它们在做什么一样。 因为在同一个太阳下, 在同一片平原上的嚎叫声, 代表着它们世世代代经历的危险, 它们变成了它们的样子, 我们变成了我们的样子。
We've been neighbors for a very long time. No one would mistake these elephants as being relaxed. They're obviously very concerned about something. What are they concerned about? It turns out that if you record the voices of tourists and you play that recording from a speaker hidden in bushes, elephants will ignore it, because tourists never bother elephants. But if you record the voices of herders who carry spears and often hurt elephants in confrontations at water holes, the elephants will bunch up and run away from the hidden speaker. Not only do elephants know that there are humans, they know that there are different kinds of humans, and that some are OK and some are dangerous.
长时间以来,我们都是好邻居。 没人会误认为这些大象现在是放松的。 很明显它们仍然保持着警觉。 那么它们警惕的是什么呢? 实际上如果你将游客的声音录下来 然后把音箱放在草丛里播放录音, 大象是不会理你的, 因为游客是不会打扰它们的。 但如果你录的是拿着长矛的 经常在水坑里伤害大象的牧人的声音, 大象就会聚在一起逃离 藏着音箱的那个地方。 大象不仅仅知道那有人, 它们更知道存在着不同的人, 有些人是无害的, 而有些人是危险的。
They have been watching us for much longer than we have been watching them. They know us better than we know them. We have the same imperatives: take care of our babies, find food, try to stay alive. Whether we're outfitted for hiking in the hills of Africa or outfitted for diving under the sea, we are basically the same. We are kin under the skin. The elephant has the same skeleton, the killer whale has the same skeleton, as do we. We see helping where help is needed. We see curiosity in the young. We see the bonds of family connections. We recognize affection. Courtship is courtship. And then we ask, "Are they conscious?"
它们观察我们的时间比 我们观察它们的时间还要多。 它们了解我们的程度也远超于 我们了解它们的程度。 我们跟它们都有同样的需求: 照顾孩子,寻找食物, 尽力活下去。 不管我们是在非洲的 山峦里徒步旅行, 还是在深海中潜水, 我们本质上是一样的。 皮囊之下我们都是相同的。 不同的大象有同样的骨架, 不同的虎鲸也有同样的骨架, 就像我们一样。 我们可以在需要帮助的地方找到帮助。 我们可以在年轻人中看到好奇心。 我们可以看到家庭血缘的联系。 我们可以认知爱情。 求爱就是求爱。 然后我们还会问:“它们有意识吗?”
When you get general anesthesia, it makes you unconscious, which means you have no sensation of anything. Consciousness is simply the thing that feels like something. If you see, if you hear, if you feel, if you're aware of anything, you are conscious, and they are conscious.
如果你被全身麻醉了, 你就是无意识的, 也就是说你对一切事物 都没有感觉了。 意识这个东西,简单地说, 其实就是我们对事物的觉察。 如果你看到了,听到了,感受到了, 或者注意到了一些东西, 你就是有意识的,动物们也是一样。
Some people say well, there are certain things that make humans humans, and one of those things is empathy. Empathy is the mind's ability to match moods with your companions. It's a very useful thing. If your companions start to move quickly, you have to feel like you need to hurry up. We're all in a hurry now. The oldest form of empathy is contagious fear. If your companions suddenly startle and fly away, it does not work very well for you to say, "Jeez, I wonder why everybody just left."
有些人说, 人之所以为人是因为 人们有一些特别的东西, 其中一样就是同感。 同感是一种让你可以 感受同伴感情的心智能力。 这是个很有用的能力。 如果你的同伴们开始快速跑动, 你就会觉得: “我也得快点跟上了。” 那么大家就一起跑了起来。 同感最古老的形式 是可传染的恐惧。 如果你的同伴们受到惊吓 全都飞走了, 然后你说出下面这句话 估计就不太妙了, “天啊!为什么它们都飞走了?!”
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Empathy is old, but empathy, like everything else in life, comes on a sliding scale and has its elaboration. So there's basic empathy: you feel sad, it makes me sad. I see you happy, it makes me happy.
同感自古就有,但就像 生活中的其他事情一样, 时时刻刻都存在着, 而且有它的微妙之处。 有一种最基本的同感:那就是 如果你觉得不开心,我也会觉得不开心。 我看见你很高兴,我也会觉得很开心。
Then there's something that I call sympathy, a little more removed: "I'm sorry to hear that your grandmother has just passed away. I don't feel that same grief, but I get it; I know what you feel and it concerns me."
有一种同感叫做同情心, 和同感有些区别,比如: “听说你的祖母刚刚去世了,我感到很难过。 虽然我不是像你一样的悲伤, 但是我懂你,我知道你的感觉, 我很关心你。”
And then if we're motivated to act on sympathy, I call that compassion.
如果我们因为有同情心 而产生了相同的举动, 那么这就是怜悯了。
Far from being the thing that makes us human, human empathy is far from perfect. We round up empathic creatures, we kill them and we eat them. Now, maybe you say OK, well, those are different species. That's just predation, and humans are predators. But we don't treat our own kind too well either. People who seem to know only one thing about animal behavior know that you must never attribute human thoughts and emotions to other species. Well, I think that's silly, because attributing human thoughts and emotions to other species is the best first guess about what they're doing and how they're feeling, because their brains are basically the same as ours. They have the same structures. The same hormones that create mood and motivation in us are in those brains as well. It is not scientific to say that they are hungry when they're hunting and they're tired when their tongues are hanging out, and then say when they're playing with their children and acting joyful and happy, we have no idea if they can possibly be experiencing anything. That is not scientific.
跟那些塑造了人类的其它感情相比, 人类的同感离完美也还差的远。 我们围捕着拥有同感的动物们, 杀掉它们,吃掉它们。 你可能会说, 嗨,毕竟我们是不同的物种嘛。 这就是捕食啊, 人类就是捕食者啊。 但我们对于同类也不是很好。 人们似乎只了解关于 动物行为的一点, 就是永远也不能 把人类的想法和情感 套在其他物种身上。 其实,我觉得这真的挺愚蠢的, 因为把人类的想法和情感 套用在其他物种身上 是了解那些物种的行为 与感觉最好的猜测方式了, 因为它们的大脑和我们的 基本上是相同的。 它们和我们有着同样的结构。 创造出情感 和动机的荷尔蒙 同样也存在于它们的大脑中。 即使它们捕猎是因为饿了, 它们的舌头伸出来是因为累了, 但不能就此推断出 当它们和幼崽们玩耍时 它们表现出的是高兴。 我们无法了解它们真实的感受。 这真的不科学。
So OK, so a reporter said to me, "Maybe, but how do you really know that other animals can think and feel?" And I started to rifle through all the hundreds of scientific references that I put in my book and I realized that the answer was right in the room with me. When my dog gets off the rug and comes over to me -- not to the couch, to me -- and she rolls over on her back and exposes her belly, she has had the thought, "I would like my belly rubbed. I know that I can go over to Carl, he will understand what I'm asking. I know I can trust him because we're family. He'll get the job done, and it will feel good."
有个记者跟我说, “也许你是对的,但你怎么能真正知道 其他动物的思想和感受呢?” 我就开始到处搜寻数以百计的科学文献 并在书中引用了它们, 之后我才发现其实答案就在 我所处的那间屋子里。 当我的狗离开毛毯朝我走来的时候—— 不是朝沙发走来,是朝我—— 她翻身躺下了, 露出了她的肚子, 她肯定有这样的想法, “我想让人给我挠挠肚子。 我知道走到卡尔那去肯定管用, 他会懂我的想法的。 我可以相信他, 因为我们是一家人。 他肯定会给我挠的, 而且那感觉肯定很爽。”
(Laughter)
(笑声)
She has thought and she has felt, and it's really not more complicated than that.
她有思想,也有情感, 这真的没有多复杂。
But we see other animals and we say, "Oh look, killer whales, wolves, elephants: that's not how they see it."
但是我们看到其他的动物, 我们说道:“看!虎鲸、 狼、大象!” 不过它们自己可不是这么互相看的。
That tall-finned male is L41. He's 38 years old. The female right on his left side is L22. She's 44. They've known each other for decades. They know exactly who they are. They know who their friends are. They know who their rivals are. Their life follows the arc of a career. They know where they are all the time.
这头高鳍的公鲸叫L41。 他38岁。 他左侧的这头母鲸叫L22。 她44岁。 它们相识几十年了。 它们很清楚自己是谁。 谁是他们的朋友。 谁是他们的敌人。 它们遵循着自己的生活轨迹。 它们时时刻刻都清楚自己在哪。
This is an elephant named Philo. He was a young male. This is him four days later. Humans not only can feel grief, we create an awful lot of it. We want to carve their teeth. Why can't we wait for them to die? Elephants once ranged from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea all the way down to the Cape of Good Hope. In 1980, there were vast strongholds of elephant range in Central and Eastern Africa. And now their range is shattered into little shards. This is the geography of an animal that we are driving to extinction, a fellow being, the most magnificent creature on land.
这是一头叫Philo的大象。 他是头年轻的公象。 这是四天后的他。 人类不仅能感到悲痛, 我们还常常制造很多的痛苦。 我们总想拔掉它们的牙。 难道我们就真的等不到它们死去后再说吗? 大象的生活区域曾经遍布地中海的沿岸 一路向南直到非洲的好望角。 到了1980年,大象的生存区 仍然分布在 中非和东非的广袤地区。 而现在它们的生存空间仅仅只有 一些零零散散的小地方了。 这就是被我们灭绝 动物的栖息地变化, 它们是我们的同胞, 这个星球上最神奇的生物。
Of course, we take much better care of our wildlife in the United States. In Yellowstone National Park, we killed every single wolf. We killed every single wolf south of the Canadian border, actually. But in the park, park rangers did that in the 1920s, and then 60 years later they had to bring them back, because the elk numbers had gotten out of control. And then people came. People came by the thousands to see the wolves, the most accessibly visible wolves in the world.
当然了,我们对美国的 野生动物稍微好一点。 在黄石国家公园, 我们把狼全杀了。 实际上,我们把加拿大 南部边境的狼也全杀了。 20世纪90年代, 公园管理员们把狼杀光了, 60年后,他们又得送些狼进公园里, 因为没有了狼,公园里的麋鹿 数量疯长不可控了。 而且后来游客们来了, 数以千计的人们都想看看狼, 全球只有那里能够轻易看到狼群了。
And I went there and I watched this incredible family of wolves. A pack is a family. It has some breeding adults and the young of several generations. And I watched the most famous, most stable pack in Yellowstone National Park. And then, when they wandered just outside the border, two of their adults were killed, including the mother, which we sometimes call the alpha female. The rest of the family immediately descended into sibling rivalry. Sisters kicked out other sisters. That one on the left tried for days to rejoin her family. They wouldn't let her because they were jealous of her. She was getting too much attention from two new males, and she was the precocious one. That was too much for them. She wound up wandering outside the park and getting shot. The alpha male wound up being ejected from his own family. As winter was coming in, he lost his territory, his hunting support, the members of his family and his mate.
我也到那去看了 难以置信的狼族。 这是一个狼的家族。 这个家族有一些成年狼 和几代年轻的狼。 我去看的是黄石国家公园中 最著名的,也是最稳定的一个狼族。 当它们就在边境线以外一点徘徊时, 两只成年狼就被猎杀了, 有一只母狼, 也就是我们通常叫的母头狼。 之后,狼族中剩下的成员 马上就开始了手足相残。 狼姐妹之间相互驱离。 在左边的那一只为重新融入 自己的家族而努力了好几天。 然而其他狼不准, 她受到嫉妒。 有两头公狼简直对她垂涎欲滴。 她很早熟。 这是它们完全忍不了的。 她到了公园外面徘徊,然后被猎杀了。 一只公头狼也被赶出了那个家族。 当冬天逐渐来临, 他失去了他的领地, 失去了他的捕食帮手, 失去了他的家庭成员和妻子。
We cause so much pain to them. The mystery is, why don't they hurt us more than they do? This whale had just finished eating part of a grey whale with his companions who had killed that whale. Those people in the boat had nothing at all to fear. This whale is T20. He had just finished tearing a seal into three pieces with two companions. The seal weighed about as much as the people in the boat. They had nothing to fear. They eat seals. Why don't they eat us? Why can we trust them around our toddlers? Why is it that killer whales have returned to researchers lost in thick fog and led them miles until the fog parted and the researchers' home was right there on the shoreline? And that's happened more than one time.
我们对它们造成太多的伤害了。 可问题是,为什么它们不会那样伤害我们呢? 这头鲸鱼刚刚吃了一只灰色鲸鱼的残尸, 那灰色的鲸鱼是它和它的同伴们一起猎杀的。 而那些船里的人们根本无所畏惧。 这只鲸鱼叫T20。 它刚和它的两个同伴刚刚 把一只海豹撕成了三段。 那只海豹和那些船里的人们差不多重。 他们还是什么都不怕。 它们吃海豹。 可为什么它们不吃我们呢? 为什么当它们靠近我们的孩子时 我们仍然信任它们? 为什么虎鲸在大雾天会到海上研究员那里 指引他们一直到数英里以外浓雾散去 到达那些研究员的家所在的海岸边? 而且这种情况还不止一次发生。
In the Bahamas, there's a woman named Denise Herzing, and she studies spotted dolphins and they know her. She knows them very well. She knows who they all are. They know her. They recognize the research boat. When she shows up, it's a big happy reunion. Except, one time showed up and they didn't want to come near the boat, and that was really strange. And they couldn't figure out what was going on until somebody came out on deck and announced that one of the people onboard had died during a nap in his bunk. How could dolphins know that one of the human hearts had just stopped? Why would they care? And why would it spook them? These mysterious things just hint at all of the things that are going on in the minds that are with us on Earth that we almost never think about at all.
在巴哈马群岛, 有个叫Denise Herzing的女人, 她研究斑海豚,那些斑海豚也认识她。 她非常了解它们。 她能认出来它们每一只都是谁。 它们也了解她。 它们能认出来那艘调查船。 她每次出现的时候, 简直就是一次欢庆的重逢。 只有一次,她出现的时候, 它们并不想靠近那艘船, 那次确实是挺奇怪的。 人们都弄不清楚是怎么回事, 直到有人来到了甲板上 告诉了人们他们船上的一个人 在床上打盹的时候 去世了。 海豚是怎么知道 那其中的一个人 心脏停止了跳动呢? 为什么它们会关心这个呢? 为什么这把它们吓住了呢? 这些奇妙的事情就是在这个地球上 和我们一起生存的生物的大脑中 时时刻刻在发生着的, 而我们对这些却根本毫不关心。
At an aquarium in South Africa was a little baby bottle-nosed dolphin named Dolly. She was nursing, and one day a keeper took a cigarette break and he was looking into the window into their pool, smoking. Dolly came over and looked at him, went back to her mother, nursed for a minute or two, came back to the window and released a cloud of milk that enveloped her head like smoke. Somehow, this baby bottle-nosed dolphin got the idea of using milk to represent smoke. When human beings use one thing to represent another, we call that art.
在南非的一个水族馆里, 有一只叫Dolly的小宽吻海豚。 它还在哺乳期,有一天, 一个饲养员在抽烟休息, 他一边抽着烟,一边透过玻璃 看着那些水里的海豚。 Dolly过去看了一下他, 然后回到它妈妈身边, 大概吃了一两分钟的奶, 之后又回到了玻璃边, 吐出了一口奶,那些“奶烟” 笼罩在它的头上,就像人们抽烟一样。 不知怎么的,这只小宽吻海豚 竟然想到了用吐奶来代表抽烟。 当人类用一个事物去代表另一样事物, 我们便称之为艺术。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
The things that make us human are not the things that we think make us human. What makes us human is that, of all these things that our minds and their minds have, we are the most extreme. We are the most compassionate, most violent, most creative and most destructive animal that has ever been on this planet, and we are all of those things all jumbled up together. But love is not the thing that makes us human. It's not special to us. We are not the only ones who care about our mates. We are not the only ones who care about our children.
真正使我们成为人类的东西 其实并不是那些我们认为的 使我们成为人类的东西。 真正让我们成为人类的东西其实是 那些我们和动物们 都有的心智活动, 但我们却是最极端的。 在这个星球上 我们是最有同情心 也最暴力 最有创造力 也最具破坏性的动物, 我们是所有这些特征的结合体。 并不是爱让人得以为人。 爱不是我们特有的。 我们并不是唯一会关心同伴的生物。 我们并不是唯一会照顾孩子的生物。
Albatrosses frequently fly six, sometimes ten thousand miles over several weeks to deliver one meal, one big meal, to their chick who is waiting for them. They nest on the most remote islands in the oceans of the world, and this is what it looks like. Passing life from one generation to the next is the chain of being. If that stops, it all goes away. If anything is sacred, that is, and into that sacred relationship comes our plastic trash. All of these birds have plastic in them now. This is an albatross six months old, ready to fledge -- died, packed with red cigarette lighters.
信天翁经常飞到六千多英里, 有时甚至是一万多英里外, 飞好几个星期去找寻 一份食物,一份大餐, 回去喂食给等待它们的幼鸟。 它们在大海里最偏远的岛屿上筑巢, 这就是那些巢穴的样子。 生命一代一代向下相传, 铸成了生命的联结。 如果这停止了,一切就消失了。 如果有东西是神圣的,那么信天翁就是, 在它们这种神圣的关系中 出现了我们的塑料垃圾。 现在所有这些鸟的身体里都有塑料。 这是一只六个月大的信天翁, 刚要长羽毛—— 却死于肚子里塞满的红色打火机。
This is not the relationship we are supposed to have with the rest of the world. But we, who have named ourselves after our brains, never think about the consequences. When we welcome new human life into the world, we welcome our babies into the company of other creatures. We paint animals on the walls. We don't paint cell phones. We don't paint work cubicles. We paint animals to show them that we are not alone. We have company. And every one of those animals in every painting of Noah's ark, deemed worthy of salvation is in mortal danger now, and their flood is us.
这不是我们和这个世界其他生物之间 应有的关系。 我们常常以我们优秀的大脑自居, 却根本从来都没考虑过后果。 当我们欢迎来到这个世界上的新生命时, 我们常常让我们的宝宝 与其他的生物作伴。 我们把动物的图案涂绘在墙上。 我们不会画手机。 我们不会画工作间。 我们画动物给宝宝们看, 让他们知道我们并不孤单。 我们还有它们陪伴。 在每一幅诺亚方舟画上的每一种动物, 那些应该被拯救的动物 现在都处于灭绝的危险中。 而我们就是他们的灭顶之灾。
So we started with a question: Do they love us? We're going to ask another question. Are we capable of using what we have to care enough to simply let them continue?
所以我们是从这个问题开始的: 它们爱我们吗? 而现在我们要问另外一个问题。 我们有没有竭尽所能地 去在乎他们的未来?
Thank you very much.
非常感谢。
(Applause)
(掌声)