M'agradaria portar-vos a un altre món. I m'agradaria compartir una història d'amor de 45 anys amb els pobres, que viuen amb menys d'un dòlar al dia. Vaig tenir una educació molt cara, elitista i esnob a l'Índia i això gairebé em destrossa. Estava preparat per ser un diplomat, un professor, un doctor... tot estava a punt. Llavors, no ho sembla, però vaig ser el campió nacional de l'Índia d'esquaix durant tres anys. (Riures) El món sencer estava al meu abast. Tot estava als meus peus. No podia equivocar-me. I llavors, vaig pensar, per curiositat que m'agradaria anar i viure i treballar i veure, simplement, com era un poble.
I'd like to take you to another world. And I'd like to share a 45 year-old love story with the poor, living on less than one dollar a day. I went to a very elitist, snobbish, expensive education in India, and that almost destroyed me. I was all set to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor -- all laid out. Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion for three years. (Laughter) The whole world was laid out for me. Everything was at my feet. I could do nothing wrong. And then I thought out of curiosity I'd like to go and live and work and just see what a village is like.
O sigui que, al 1965 vaig anar al que es va anomenar la pitjor fam de Bihar a l'Índia i vaig veure la fam, la mort, gent morint de gana, per primera vegada. Em va canviar la vida. Vaig tornar a casa i vaig dir a la meva mare: "M'agradaria anar a viure i treballar en un poble" La mare es va quedar en coma. (Riures) "Com? El món sencer està davant teu, les millors feines a tocar de la mà, i tu vols anar i treballar en un poble? però, et passa alguna cosa?" Jo vaig dir-li: "No, he tingut la millor educació. M'ha fet pensar. I volia donar alguna cosa a canvi a la meva manera." "Què hi vols fer en un poble? No hi ha feina, no hi ha diners, no hi ha seguretat, no hi ha prespectives de futur." Vaig dir: "Vull viure i excavar pous durant cinc anys." "Excavar pous durant cinc anys? Has anat a l'escola i a la universitat més cara de l'Índia i vols excavar pous durant cinc anys?" No em va parlar durant una llarga temporada, perquè creia que havia decebut la meva família.
So in 1965, I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India, and I saw starvation, death, people dying of hunger, for the first time. It changed my life. I came back home, told my mother, "I'd like to live and work in a village." Mother went into a coma. (Laughter) "What is this? The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you, and you want to go and work in a village? I mean, is there something wrong with you?" I said, "No, I've got the best eduction. It made me think. And I wanted to give something back in my own way." "What do you want to do in a village? No job, no money, no security, no prospect." I said, "I want to live and dig wells for five years." "Dig wells for five years? You went to the most expensive school and college in India, and you want to dig wells for five years?" She didn't speak to me for a very long time, because she thought I'd let my family down.
Però llavors, vaig entrar en contacte amb les habilitats i el coneixement més extraordinaris que té la gent molt pobre, els quals mai es porten als corrents dominanats mai són identificats, ni respectats, ni aplicats a gran escala. I vaig pensar que començariaun "Barefoot College", una universitat només per als pobres. El que els pobres creien que era important es reflexaria a la universitat. Vaig anar a un poble per primera vegada. La gent gran venia i em preguntava: "T'estàs escapant de la policia?" Jo deia: "No." (Riures) "Has suspès els examens?" Jo deia, "No." "No has aconseguit una feina al govern?" Jo deia: "No." "Què hi fas aquí? Per què ets aquí? El sistema educatiu de l'Índia fa que miris cap a Paris, Nova Delhi i Zurich; què hi fas en aquest poble? Et passa alguna cosa que ens estàs amagant?" Jo deia, "No, de fet, vull començar una universitat només per la gent pobre. El que la gent pobre creu que és important estarà reflexat en aquesta universitat."
But then, I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills that very poor people have, which are never brought into the mainstream -- which is never identified, respected, applied on a large scale. And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College -- college only for the poor. What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college. I went to this village for the first time. Elders came to me and said, "Are you running from the police?" I said, "No." (Laughter) "You failed in your exam?" I said, "No." "You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No." "What are you doing here? Why are you here? The education system in India makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich; what are you doing in this village? Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?" I said, "No, I want to actually start a college only for the poor. What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."
I la gent gran em van donar un consell molt sensat i profund. Em van dir: "Si us plau, no portis a ningú amb un títol acadèmic o universitari a la teva universitat." Per tant, és la única universitat a l'Índia on, si tens un doctorat o un màster no estàs qualificat per venir. Has de ser un desastre, un fracassat o un marginat per venir a la nostra universitat. Has de treballar amb les teves mans. Has de tenir dignitat de treball Has de demostrar que tens una habilitat que pots oferir a la comunitat i donar servei a la comunitat. Així que vam començar el "Barefoot College" i vam redefinir la professionalitat.
So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice. They said, "Please, don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification into your college." So it's the only college in India where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's, you are disqualified to come. You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout to come to our college. You have to work with your hands. You have to have a dignity of labor. You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community and provide a service to the community. So we started the Barefoot College, and we redefined professionalism.
Qui és un professional? Un professional es algú que té una combinació de competència, confiança i creença. Un saurí és un professional. Una llevadora tradicional és una professional. Un terrissaire tradicional és un professional. Tots ells són professionals a tot el món. Els trobareu a qualsevol poblet inaccessible del planeta. I vam pensar que aquesta gent havia de ser reconeguda i mostrar que el coneixement i les habilitats que aquesta gent té són universals. S'han de fer servir, s'han d'aplicar, s'ha de mostrar al món allà fora-- que aquest coneixement i aquestes habilitats encara són importants avui.
Who is a professional? A professional is someone who has a combination of competence, confidence and belief. A water diviner is a professional. A traditional midwife is a professional. A traditional bone setter is a professional. These are professionals all over the world. You find them in any inaccessible village around the world. And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream and show that the knowledge and skills that they have is universal. It needs to be used, needs to be applied, needs to be shown to the world outside -- that these knowledge and skills are relevant even today.
Així, la universitat funciona seguint l'estil de vida i de treball de Mahatma Gandhi. Menges al terra, dorms al terra, treballes al terra. No hi ha contractes, cap contracte escrit. Pots estar amb mi 20 anys o marxar demà. I ningú pot guanyar més de 100 $ al mes. Si vens pels diners, no vinguis al "Barefoot College". Si vens pel treball i pel repte, vine al "Barefoot College". És allà on volem que provis idees esbojarrades. Qualsevol idea que tinguis, vine i posa-la a prova. No passa res si no surt bé. Derrotat, masegat, tornes a començar. És la única universitat on el professor és l'aprenent i l'aprenent és el professor. I és la única universitat on no donem certificats. Estàs certificat per la comunitat que serveixes. No necessites un paper que pengi de la pared per demostrar que ets enginyer.
So the college works following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi. You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor. There are no contracts, no written contracts. You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow. And no one can get more than $100 a month. You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College. You come for the work and the challenge, you'll come to the Barefoot College. That is where we want you to try crazy ideas. Whatever idea you have, come and try it. It doesn't matter if you fail. Battered, bruised, you start again. It's the only college where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher. And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate. You are certified by the community you serve. You don't need a paper to hang on the wall to show that you are an engineer.
Quan vaig dir això, ells em van dir: "D'acord, ensenyan's el que és possible. Que fas? Tot això és només xerrameca si no ens ho pots demostrar sobre el terreny. I vam construir el primer "Barefoot College" al 1986. El van construir 12 arquitectes "descalços" que no saben llegir ni escriure, construït amb menys de 1,50 $ el metre quadrat 150 persones vivien i treballaven allà. Van aconseguir el premi d'arquitectura Aga Khan del 2002. Però llavors van sospitar, van pensar que hi havia un arquitecte al darrere. Jo vaig dir: "Sí, ells han fet els plànols però han estat els arquitectes "descalços" els que realment han construït la universitat." Som els únics que, de fet, vam tornar el premi de 50.000 $, perquè no ens van creure, i vam pensar que, de fet, estaven posant en dubte els arquitecte "descalços" de Tilonia.
So when I said that, they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing? This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground." So we built the first Barefoot College in 1986. It was built by 12 Barefoot architects who can't read and write, built on $1.50 a sq. ft. 150 people lived there, worked there. They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002. But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it. I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints, but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college." We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000, because they didn't believe us, and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.
Vaig preguntar a un enginyer forestal-- expert qualificat i de gran prestigi-- Vaig dir: "Qué pots construïr aquí?" Va fer un cop d'ull a la terra i va dir: "Oblida-ho. De cap manera. No val la pena. Sense aigua, terra rocosa." Em vaig trobar en un mal pas. I em vaig dir: "D'acord, aniré a veure l'ancià del poble i li diré: 'Què hi puc fer crèixer aquí?'" Em va mirar tranquil·lament i em va dir: "Construeix això, construeix això, posa això i funcionarà." Aquest és l'aspecte que té avui.
I asked a forester -- high-powered, paper-qualified expert -- I said, "What can you build in this place?" He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way. Not even worth it. No water, rocky soil." I was in a bit of a spot. And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'" He looked quietly at me and said, "You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work." This is what it looks like today.
Vaig anar al terrat, i totes les dones em van dir: "Fora. Els homes han de marxar perquè no volem compartir aquesta tecnologia amb ells. És la impermeabilització del terrat." (Riures) Una mica de melassa, unes quantes ortigues i una mica d'altres coses que no sé. Però realment no filtra. Des de 1986 no ha filtrat. Aquesta tecnologia, que les dones no compartiran amb els homes.
Went to the roof, and all the women said, "Clear out. The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men. This is waterproofing the roof." (Laughter) It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens and a bit of other things I don't know. But it actually doesn't leak. Since 1986, it hasn't leaked. This technology, the women will not share with the men.
(Riures)
(Laughter)
És l'única universitat que té tot el sistema elèctric alimentat amb energia solar. Tota l'electricitat ve del sol. Panells de 45 quilowatts al terrat. I tot funcionarà gràcies al sol durant els propers 25 anys. Mentre el sol brilli, nosaltres no tindrem problemes d'electricitat. Però la bellesa està en què va ser instal·lat per un sacerdot, un sacerdot hindú, que només va fer vuit anys d'escola primària-- no ha anat mai a l'institut, no ha anat mai a la universitat. Però sap més d'energia solar que qualsevol que jo conegui a qualsevol lloc del món. Ho garanteixo.
It's the only college which is fully solar-electrified. All the power comes from the sun. 45 kilowatts of panels on the roof. And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years. So long as the sun shines, we'll have no problem with power. But the beauty is that is was installed by a priest, a Hindu priest, who's only done eight years of primary schooling -- never been to school, never been to college. He knows more about solar than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.
El menjar, si veniu al "Barefoot College", es cuina amb energia solar. I la gent que fabrica aquestes cuines solars són dones, dones analfabetes, que, de fet, fabriquen les cuines solars més sofisticades. És una cuina solar parabòlica i autònoma. Desgraciadament, són gairebé mig alemanes, són tan precises. (Riures) No trobareu mai dones índies tan precises. Poden fer aquesta cuina, absolutament fins a l'última peça. I fem 60 àpats, dues vegades al dia cuinats amb el sol.
Food, if you come to the Barefoot College, is solar cooked. But the people who fabricated that solar cooker are women, illiterate women, who actually fabricate the most sophisticated solar cooker. It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker. Unfortunately, they're almost half German, they're so precise. (Laughter) You'll never find Indian women so precise. Absolutely to the last inch, they can make that cooker. And we have 60 meals twice a day of solar cooking.
Tenim una dentista-- és una àvia, analfabeta, que és dentista. De fet, cuida les dents de 7.000 nens. Tecnologia "descalça": això va ser al 1986 -- cap enginyer, cap arquitecte hi havia pensat-- però nosaltres estem recollint l'aigua de la pluja dels terrats. Es malgasta molt poca aigua. Tots els terrats estan connectats per sota terra amb un tanc de 400.000 litres, i no es malgasta gens d'aigua. Si tinguéssim 4 anys de sequera, nosaltres encara tindríem aigua al campus, perquè recollim l'aigua de la pluja.
We have a dentist -- she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist. She actually looks after the teeth of 7,000 children. Barefoot technology: this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it -- but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs. Very little water is wasted. All the roofs are connected underground to a 400,000 liter tank, and no water is wasted. If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus, because we collect rainwater.
El 60 per cent dels nens no van a l'escola, perquè han de cuidar els animals-- ovelles, cabres-- tasques domèstiques. Així que vam pensar en començar una escola nocturna pels nens. Gràcies a les escoles nocturnes de Tilonia, més de 75.000 nens han passat per aquestes escoles nocturnes. Ja que és per la conveniència dels nens; no per la conveniència dels mestres. I què ensenyem en aquestes escoles? Democràcia, ciutadania, com has de mesurar la teva terra, què fer si t'arresten, què fer si el teu animal es posa malalt. Això és el que ensenyem a les escoles nocturnes. Però totes les escoles tenen llum amb energia solar.
60 percent of children don't go to school, because they have to look after animals -- sheep, goats -- domestic chores. So we thought of starting a school at night for the children. Because the night schools of Tilonia, over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools. Because it's for the convenience of the child; it's not for the convenience of the teacher. And what do we teach in these schools? Democracy, citizenship, how you should measure your land, what you should do if you're arrested, what you should do if your animal is sick. This is what we teach in the night schools. But all the schools are solar-lit.
Cada cinc anys fem eleccions. Nens d'entre 6 i 14 anys participen en un procés democràtic, i elegeixen un primer ministre. La primera ministre té 12 anys. Cuida 20 cabres al matí, però al vespre és primera ministra. Té un gabinet, un ministre d'educació, un ministre d'energia, un ministre de salut. I, de fet, ells controlen i supervisen 150 escoles per 7000 nens. Fa cinc anys va rebre el Premi dels Nens del Món, i se'n va anar a Suècia, La primera vegada a la vida que sortia del seu poble. Mai abans havia vist Suècia. No estava gens impressionada pel que estava passant. La reina de Suècia, que estava allà, es va girar i em va dir: "Li pots preguntar a aquesta nena d'on treu aquesta confiança? Només té 12 anys, i res l'impressiona." I la nena, que està a la seva esquerra, es va girar cap a mi i va mirar la reina directe als ulls i va dir: "Si us plau, digue-li que sóc la primera ministra."
Every five years we have an election. Between six to 14 year-old children participate in a democratic process, and they elect a prime minister. The prime minister is 12 years old. She looks after 20 goats in the morning, but she's prime minister in the evening. She has a cabinet, a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health. And they actually monitor and supervise 150 schools for 7,000 children. She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago, and she went to Sweden. First time ever going out of her village. Never seen Sweden. Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening. And the Queen of Sweden, who's there, turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from? She's only 12 years old, and she's not dazzled by anything." And the girl, who's on her left, turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."
(Riures)
(Laughter)
(Aplaudiments)
(Applause)
Allà on el percentatge d'analfabetisme és molt alt, fem servir titelles. Els titelles són la nostra manera de comunicar-nos. Aquí teniu Jaokim Chacha que té 300 anys. És el meu psicoanalista. És el meu professor. És el meu doctor. És el meu advocat. És el meu donant. Ell, de fet, aconsegueix diners, soluciona les meves disputes. Resol els meu problemes al poble. Si hi ha alguna tensió al poble, si l'assistència a les escoles baixa i hi ha friccions entre el mestre i el pare, el titella crida al mestre i al pare davant de tot el poble i diu: "Doneu-vos la mà. L'assistència no pot caure." Aquests titelles estan fets d'informes del Banc Mundial reciclats.
Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high, we use puppetry. Puppets is the way we communicate. You have Jokhim Chacha who is 300 years old. He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher. He's my doctor. He's my lawyer. He's my donor. He actually raises money, solves my disputes. He solves my problems in the village. If there's tension in the village, if attendance at the schools goes down and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent, the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village and says, "Shake hands. The attendance must not drop." These puppets are made out of recycled World Bank reports.
(Riures)
(Laughter)
(Aplaudiments)
(Applause)
Així que amb aquesta proposta descentralitzada, desmitificada de pobles electrificats amb energia solar hem arribat a tota l'Índia des de Ladakh fins a Bhutan -- tots pobles alimentats amb energia solar per gent que ha estat formada. I vam anar a Ladakh, i li vam preguntar a aquesta dona -- aquí, a menys 40 graus, has de sortir pel terrat, perquè no hi ha espai, estava tot nevat als dos costats -- li vam preguntar a aquesta dona: "Quin benefici has obtingut de l'energia solar?" Ella s'ho va pensar durant un minut i va dir: "És la primera vegada que puc veure la cara del meu marit a l'hivern."
So this decentralized, demystified approach of solar-electrifying villages, we've covered all over India from Ladakh up to Bhutan -- all solar-electrified villages by people who have been trained. And we went to Ladakh, and we asked this woman -- this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof, because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides -- and we asked this woman, "What was the benefit you had from solar electricity?" And she thought for a minute and said, "It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."
(Riures)
(Laughter)
Vam anar a l'Afghanistan. Una lliçó que vam aprendre a l'Índia és que els homes són impossibles de formar. (Riures) Els homes són impacients, els homes són ambiciosos, els homes es mouen compulsivament, i tots volen un certificat. (Riures) Per tot el planeta, trobareu aquesta tendència d'homes que volen certificats. Per què? Perquè volen marxar del poble i anar a la ciutat, a buscar feina. Així que vam trobar una gran solució: formar les àvies. Quina és la millor manera de comunicar al món, avui en dia? La televisió? No. El telègraf? No. El telèfon? No. Explicar-ho a una dona.
Went to Afghanistan. One lesson we learned in India was men are untrainable. (Laughter) Men are restless, men are ambitious, men are compulsively mobile, and they all want a certificate. (Laughter) All across the globe, you have this tendency of men wanting a certificate. Why? Because they want to leave the village and go to a city, looking for a job. So we came up with a great solution: train grandmothers. What's the best way of communicating in the world today? Television? No. Telegraph? No. Telephone? No. Tell a woman.
(Riures)
(Laughter)
(Aplaudiments)
(Applause)
Així que vam anar a l'Afghanistan per primera vegada, i vam escollir tres dones i vam dir: "Ens les volem endur a l'Índia." Ells van dir: "Impossible. No surten ni de les seves habitacions, i us les voleu endur a l'Índia." Jo vaig dir: "Faré una concessió. M'enduré els marits també." O sigui que també me'n vaig endur els marits. Evidentment, les dones eren molt més intel·ligents que els homes. En sis mesos, com formem aquestes dones? Llenguatge de signes. No pots optar per la paraula escrita. No pots optar per la paraula oral. Fas servir el llenguatge de signes. I en sis mesos es poden convertir en enginyeres solars. Van tornar i van alimentar amb energia solar el seu poble.
So we went to Afghanistan for the first time, and we picked three women and said, "We want to take them to India." They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms, and you want to take them to India." I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well." So I took the husbands along. Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men. In six months, how do we train these women? Sign language. You don't choose the written word. You don't choose the spoken word. You use sign language. And in six months they can become solar engineers. They go back and solar-electrify their own village.
Aquestes dones van tornar i van electrificar amb energia solar el primer poble, van muntar un taller -- el primer poble que mai hagi estat alimentat amb energia solar a l'Afghanistan ho ha sigut gràcies a les tres dones. Aquesta dona és una àvia extraordinària. Té 55 anys i ha portat energia solar a 200 cases a l'Afghanistan per mi. I no s'han ensorrat. De fet, va anar a parlar amb el departament d'enginyeria de l'Afghanistan i va explicar al cap del departament la diferència entre CA i CC Ell no ho sabia. Aquelles tres dones han format a 27 dones més que han electrificat amb energia solar 100 pobles a l'Afghanistan.
This woman went back and solar-electrified the first village, set up a workshop -- the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan [was] by the three women. This woman is an extraordinary grandmother. 55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan. And they haven't collapsed. She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan and told the head of the department the difference between AC and DC. He didn't know. Those three women have trained 27 more women and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.
Vam anar a l'Àfrica i vam fer el mateix. Totes aquestes dones de vuit, nou països, assegudes en una taula, totes parlant les unes amb les altres, però sense entendre res, perquè totes parlen llengües diferents. Però el seu llenguatge corporal és fantàstic. Parlen les unes amb les altres i, de fet, es converteixen en enginyeres solars. Vaig anar a Sierra Leone, hi havia un ministre conduïnt a mitjanit topa amb un poble. Torna enrere, entra al poble i pregunta: "Què passa?" ells contesten: "Aquestes dues àvies..." "Àvies?" El ministre no es podia creure el que estava passant. "On han anat?" "Han anat a l'Índia i han tornat." Va anar directe amb el president. Va dir: "Saps que hi ha un poble a Sierra Leone alimentat amb energia solar?" Va contestar: "No." La meitat del gabinet van anar a veure les àvies al dia següent. "Què passa?" Em va fer cridar i em va dir: "Pots formar 150 àvies? Jo vaig dir: "No puc, Sr. President. Però elles sí. Les àvies ho faran." I ens va construir el primer centre de formació Barefoot a Sierra Leone. I es van formar 150 àvies a Sierra Leone.
We went to Africa, and we did the same thing. All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries, all chatting to each other, not understanding a word, because they're all speaking a different language. But their body language is great. They're speaking to each other and actually becoming solar engineers. I went to Sierra Leone, and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night -- comes across this village. Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?" They said, "These two grandmothers ... " "Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening. "Where did they go?" "Went to India and back." Went straight to the president. He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?" He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day. "What's the story." So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?" I said, "I can't, Mr. President. But they will. The grandmothers will." So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone. And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.
Gambia: vam anar a triar una àvia a Gambia. Vam anar a un poble. Jo sabia quina dona volia endur-me La comunitat es va reunir i va dir: "Emporta't aquestes dues dones." Jo vaig dir: "No, vull endur-me'n aquesta." Ells van dir: "Per què? No sap la llengua. No la coneixes." Jo vaig dir: "M'agrada el llenguatge corporal. M'agrada com parla." "Un marit difícil; impossible." Vam cridar el marit, el marit va venir, caminar altiu, polític, el mòbil a la mà. "Impossible." "Per què no?" "La dona, mira que bonica que és." Jo vaig dir: "Sí, és molt bonica." "Què passarà si se'n va amb un home indi?" Això era el que més por li feia. Vaig dir: "Serà feliç. Et trucarà al mòbil." Ella va marxar com una àvia i va tornar com una tigressa. Va baixar de l'avió i va parlar amb tota la premsa com si fos una veterana. Es va encarregar de la premsa nacional, i es va convertir en una estrella. I quan vaig tornar sis mesos més tard, vaig preguntar "On és el teu marit?" "Oh, en algun lloc. Tant li fa." (Riures) Història amb final feliç.
Gambia: we went to select a grandmother in Gambia. Went to this village. I knew which woman I would like to take. The community got together and said, "Take these two women." I said, "No, I want to take this woman." They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her." I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks." "Difficult husband; not possible." Called the husband, the husband came, swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible." "Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is." I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful." "What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?" That was his biggest fear. I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile." She went like a grandmother and came back like a tiger. She walked out of the plane and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran. She handled the national press, and she was a star. And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?" "Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter." (Laughter) Success story.
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Acabaré dient que penso que no heu de buscar la solució a fora. Busqueu la solució a dins. I escolteu la gent que teniu al davant i que té la solució. Estan per tot arreu. No us preocupeu. No escolteu el Banc Mundial, escolteu la gent que està en el terreny. Tenen totes les solucions del món.
I'll just wind up by saying that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside. Look for solutions within. And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you. They're all over the world. Don't even worry. Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground. They have all the solutions in the world.
I finalment acabo amb una cita de Mahatma Gandhi. "Primer t'ignoren, després se'n riuen, més tard t'ataquen, i finalment, guanyes."
I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi. "First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, and then you win."
Gràcies.
Thank you.
(Aplaudiments)
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