In 2019, humanity received a warning: 30 of the world's leading scientists released the results of a massive three-year study into global agriculture and declared that meat production is destroying our planet and jeopardizing global health. One of the study's authors explained that "humanity now poses a threat to the stability of the planet ... [This requires] nothing less than a new global agricultural revolution."
2019 年,人類收到一個警告: 30 位世界頂尖科學家發佈了一項 為期三年的全球農業研究結果, 並聲明肉類生產正在摧毀地球, 以及危害全世界的健康。 其中一位研究者解釋說: 「人類現在對地球的穩定 構成了威脅…… 這至少需要一場新的 全球農業革命。」
As somebody who's spent the last two decades advocating a shift away from industrial meat production, I wanted to believe that this clarion call was going to make a difference. The thing is, I've seen this sort of thing again and again and again for decades. Here's 2018 from the journal "Nature," 2017 from "Bioscience Journal," 2016 from the National Academy of Sciences.
過去二十年來, 我主張禁吃肉製產品, 我一直想相信這個號召 將會帶來一些改變。 但說實在的,數十年來 我看到這事重覆地不斷發生。 這是 2018 年的「自然」雜誌寫的。 (大量減少吃肉對避免破壞氣候 「至關重要」) 這是 2017 年 「生物科學期刊」寫的。 (16000 科學家提出 關於地球健康的嚴重警告) 2016 年美國國家科學院所提出的 (少吃肉對地球的重大影響)。
The main point of these studies tends to be climate change. But antibiotic resistance represents just as big of a threat. We are feeding massive doses of antibiotics to farm animals. These antibiotics are then mutating into superbugs that threaten to render antibiotics obsolete within all of our lifetimes. You want a scare? Google: "the end of working antibiotics."
這些研究的重點 通常是有關氣候變化, 但抗生素抗藥性同樣也是一大威脅。 我們餵大量抗生素給農場的動物吃。 而這些抗生素讓細菌 突變為超級細菌, 牠們在我們有生之年 可能讓抗生素失效。 你想知道一個恐怖的事嗎? 在谷歌搜尋: 「有效抗生素的末日。」
I'm going to get one thing out of the way: I am not here to tell anybody what to eat. Individual action is great, but antibiotic resistance and climate change -- they require more. Besides, convincing the world to eat less meat hasn't worked. For 50 years, environmentalists, global health experts and animal activists have been begging the public to eat less meat. And yet, per capita meat consumption is as high as it's been in recorded history. The average North American last year ate more than 200 pounds of meat. And I didn't eat any.
我要先說明一件事情: 我不是來告訴大家要吃什麼。 個別行動是好, 但抗生素抗藥性和氣候變遷── 它們所需更多。 此外,說服大家少吃肉尚不見成效。 50 年來,環保主義者、 全球健康專家和動物維護者 一直在懇求大眾少吃肉。 然而,目前人均肉類消費量 是歷史記錄上最高的。 去年每位北美人士 平均吃了 200 多磅肉, 而我都沒吃。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Which means somebody out there ate 400 pounds of meat.
這意謂著這裡 有人吃了 400 磅的肉。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
On our current trajectory, we're going to need to be producing 70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050. This requires a global solution. What we need to do is we need to produce the meat that people love, but we need to produce it in a whole new way. I've got a couple of ideas.
照這樣繼續下去, 2050 年之前,我們就需要 增產 70% 至 100% 的肉, 這需要一個全球解決方案。 我們要做的是 需要生產人們喜愛的肉, 可是需以全新方式生產它。 我有幾點想法。
Idea number one: let's grow meat from plants. Instead of growing plants, feeding them to animals, and all of that inefficiency, let's grow those plants, let's biomimic meat with them, let's make plant-based meat. Idea number two: for actual animal meat, let's grow it directly from cells. Instead of growing live animals, let's grow the cells directly. It takes six weeks to grow a chicken to slaughter weight. Grow the cells directly, you can get that same growth in six days. This is what that looks like at scale. It's your friendly neighborhood meat brewery.
想法一:我們種植物來做肉。 而不是種植物來餵動物, 這些沒效率的過程。 我們來種那些植物, 用它們來仿生肉, 作出植物肉。 想法二:對於真正的動物肉, 我們直接用細胞培育。 直接培養細胞, 不要養活生生的動物。 將雞養到可屠宰的大小需要六週; 直接培養細胞, 在六天內就可達到同樣的大小。 真正看起來就是這樣子, 這就是你家附近的肉類釀製廠。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
I want to make two points about this. The first one is, we believe we can do it. In recent years, some companies have been producing meat from plants that consumers cannot distinguish from actual animal meat, and there are now dozens of companies growing actual animal meat directly from cells. This plant-based and cell-based meat gives consumers everything that they love about meat -- the taste, the texture and so on -- but with no need for antibiotics and with a fraction of the adverse impact on the climate. And because these two technologies are so much more efficient, at production scale these products will be cheaper.
我想對此提出兩點重點。 第一是:我們相信我們可以做到。 近年來,一些公司用植物製造肉品, 消費者無法與真正肉類作分辨, 現在有數十家公司 直接用細胞培育真的動物肉。 植物肉和細胞肉 可提供消費者對肉類喜歡的東西── 味道、質地等等, 但不需要抗生素, 且只會對氣候有少許的負面影響。 因為這兩種技術效率更高, 如果大規模生產, 產品會更便宜。
But one quick point about that -- it's not going to be easy. These plant-based companies have spent small fortunes on their burgers, and cell-based meat has not yet been commercialized at all. So we're going to need all hands on deck to make these the global meat industry.
但還有一點── 這並不容易。 這些做植物肉的公司 已經在他們的漢堡上投資了不少錢, 而細胞肉都還未商業化。 因此,我們需要共同合作 以使它成為全球肉類產業。
For starters, we need the present meat industry. We don't want to disrupt the meat industry, we want to transform it. We need their economies of scale, their global supply chain, their marketing expertise and their massive consumer base.
首先,我們還是需要目前的肉類產業。 我們不想破壞肉類產業, 我們希望改變它。 我們需要他們的經濟規模、 全球供應鏈、營銷專業知識 和他們廣大的消費群。
We also need governments. Governments spend tens of billions of dollars every single year on research and development focused on global health and the environment. They should be putting some of that money into optimizing and perfecting the production of plant-based and cell-based meat.
我們還需要政府。 政府每年花數百億美元, 專注於全球健康 和環境的研究與發展上。 他們應該提撥部分資金, 用於優化和完善 植物肉和細胞肉的製造。
Look, tens of thousands of people died from antibiotic-resistant superbugs in North America just last year. By 2050, that number is going to be 10 million per year globally. And climate change represents an existential threat to huge portions of our global family, including some of the poorest people on the face of the planet.
瞧!僅僅去年,北美就有數萬人 死於抗生素抗藥性的超級細菌。 到 2050 年,全球將會有 每年 1000 萬人死於此。 氣候變遷對全球大部分家庭 構成了生存威脅, 包括世界上一些最貧窮的人。
Climate change, antibiotic resistance -- these are global emergencies. Meat production is exacerbating these emergencies on a global scale. But we are not going to decrease meat consumption unless we give consumers alternatives that cost the same or less and that taste the same or better.
氣候變遷、抗生素抗藥性── 這些都是全球性緊急事件。 肉類製造正在全球加劇這些緊急情況。 但我們並不會減少肉類消耗量, 除非我們給消費者 一些同樣價錢或比較便宜 且口味相同或更好的替代品。
We have the solution. Let's make meat from plants. Let's grow it directly from cells. It's past time that we mobilize the resources that are necessary to create the next global agricultural revolution.
我們有解決方案。 我們用植物製作肉, 我們直接用細胞培育。 我們已經應該要動員, 創造下一個全球農業革命 所必需的資源了。
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)