In 2019, humanity received a warning: 30 of the world's leading scientists released the results of a massive three-year study into global agriculture and declared that meat production is destroying our planet and jeopardizing global health. One of the study's authors explained that "humanity now poses a threat to the stability of the planet ... [This requires] nothing less than a new global agricultural revolution."
Mwaka 2019, ubinadamu ulipata tahadhari: 30 ya wanasayansi mashuhuri duniani walipeana majibu ya utafiti wa miaka mitatu ya kilimo cha kimataifa na kutangaza kuwa uzalishaji wa nyama unaathiri sayari yetu na kuhatarisha afya ya dunia. Mwandishi mmoja wa utafiti alinena ya kuwa "ubinadamu ni hatarisho kwa utulivu wa sayari ... [Hii inahitaji] sio chini ya uvumbuzi mpya wa kilimo wa kimataifa."
As somebody who's spent the last two decades advocating a shift away from industrial meat production, I wanted to believe that this clarion call was going to make a difference. The thing is, I've seen this sort of thing again and again and again for decades. Here's 2018 from the journal "Nature," 2017 from "Bioscience Journal," 2016 from the National Academy of Sciences.
Kama mtu ambaye ametumia miongo miwili kutetea kuhama uzalishaji wa nyama kwa viwanda, nilitaka kuamini kuwa wito huu ulikuwa unaenda kuleta mabadiliko. Jambo ni kuwa nimeona hili mara kwa mara kwa miongo. Hii hapa 2018 kutoka kwa jarida "Nature," 2017 kutoka "Bioscience Journal," 2016 kutoka Chuo cha Taifa cha Sayansi.
The main point of these studies tends to be climate change. But antibiotic resistance represents just as big of a threat. We are feeding massive doses of antibiotics to farm animals. These antibiotics are then mutating into superbugs that threaten to render antibiotics obsolete within all of our lifetimes. You want a scare? Google: "the end of working antibiotics."
Lengo kuu la utafiti hizi huwa ni mabadiliko ya hewa. Lakini upinzani wa kiuavijasumu ni tishio kubwa. Tunawapa mifugo vipimo kubwa vya viuavijasumu. Viuavijasumu kisha hubadilika na kuwa wadudu wenye nguvu wanaotishia kufanya kiuavijasumu kuwa bila kazi katika maisha yetu. Unataka kitisho? Tafuta: "mwisho wa kazi wa kiuavijasumu."
I'm going to get one thing out of the way: I am not here to tell anybody what to eat. Individual action is great, but antibiotic resistance and climate change -- they require more. Besides, convincing the world to eat less meat hasn't worked. For 50 years, environmentalists, global health experts and animal activists have been begging the public to eat less meat. And yet, per capita meat consumption is as high as it's been in recorded history. The average North American last year ate more than 200 pounds of meat. And I didn't eat any.
Naenda kuweka bayana jambo moja: Siko hapa kueleza mtu anachopaswa kula. Hatua ya kibinafsi ni sawa, lakini upinzani wa kiuavijasumu na mabadiliko ya hewa -- yanahitaji zaidi. Kando na hayo, kusadikisha ulimwengu kupunguza kula nyama haijafaulu. Kwa miaka 50, wanaharakati wa mazingira, wataalamu wa afya wa duniani na wanaharakati wa wanyama, wamesihi umma kula nyama kiasi. Na bado, wastani wa ulaji nyama umekuwa juu kihistoria. Mkazi wastani wa Amerika Kaskazini alikula pauni 200 ya nyama mwaka jana. Na sikula ata.
(Laughter)
(Kicheko)
Which means somebody out there ate 400 pounds of meat.
Inamaanisha kuna mtu huko nje alikula pauni 400 ya nyama.
(Laughter)
(Kicheko)
On our current trajectory, we're going to need to be producing 70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050. This requires a global solution. What we need to do is we need to produce the meat that people love, but we need to produce it in a whole new way. I've got a couple of ideas.
Kwa njia tunayoelekea, tunaenda kuhitaji kuzalisha asilimia 70 hadi 100 zaidi ya nyama ifikapo 2050. Hili linahitaji suluhisho la duniani pote. Tunachohitaji ni kuzalisha nyama ambayo watu watapenda, lakini tuizalishe kwa njia mpya. Nina mawazo kadhaa.
Idea number one: let's grow meat from plants. Instead of growing plants, feeding them to animals, and all of that inefficiency, let's grow those plants, let's biomimic meat with them, let's make plant-based meat. Idea number two: for actual animal meat, let's grow it directly from cells. Instead of growing live animals, let's grow the cells directly. It takes six weeks to grow a chicken to slaughter weight. Grow the cells directly, you can get that same growth in six days. This is what that looks like at scale. It's your friendly neighborhood meat brewery.
Wazo la kwanza: tukuze nyama kutoka kwa mimea. Badala ya kukuza mimea, kuyalisha kwa wanyama, na hayo yote yasiyofaa, tukuze mimea hiyo, tuikuze na nyama, tuifanye iwe na nyama. Wazo la pili: kwa nyama halisi ya wanyama, tuikuze kwa chembe moja kwa moja. Badala ya kukuza wanyama waliohai, tukuze chembe moja kwa moja, Inachukua wiki sita kulea kuku afike kimo cha kuchinjwa. Kuza chembe moja kwa moja, na utapata matokea sawia kwa siku sita. Hivi ndivyo itakuwa katika skeli. Ni ujirani wa kirafiki wa kiwanda cha nyama.
(Laughter)
(Kicheko)
I want to make two points about this. The first one is, we believe we can do it. In recent years, some companies have been producing meat from plants that consumers cannot distinguish from actual animal meat, and there are now dozens of companies growing actual animal meat directly from cells. This plant-based and cell-based meat gives consumers everything that they love about meat -- the taste, the texture and so on -- but with no need for antibiotics and with a fraction of the adverse impact on the climate. And because these two technologies are so much more efficient, at production scale these products will be cheaper.
Nitataja mambo mawili kuhusu hili. Jambo la kwanza, tunasadiki tunaweza. Miaka iliyopita, makampuni mengine yamekuwa yakikuza nyama kutoka kwa mimea na walaji hawawezi tofautisha na nyama halisi, na sasa kuna makampuni mbalimbali yanayokuza nyama halisi ya wanyama moja kwa moja kutoka kwa chembe. Nyama hii ya mimea na ya chembe inawapa walaji vyote wanavyopenda kuhusu nyama -- ladha, umbile na kadhalika -- lakini bila hitaji ya viuavijasumu na sehemu ya madhara kwa hali ya hewa. Na kwa sababu teknolojia hizi mbili ni bora zaidi, kwa ukuzaji bidhaa hizi zitakuwa za bei ya chini.
But one quick point about that -- it's not going to be easy. These plant-based companies have spent small fortunes on their burgers, and cell-based meat has not yet been commercialized at all. So we're going to need all hands on deck to make these the global meat industry.
Jambo moja kuhusu hilo -- haitakuwa rahisi. Makampuni haya yanayotumia mimea yametumia misandali kidogo kwa baga zao, na chembe ya nyama bado haijazinduliwa kibiashara. Kwa hivyo tutahitaji ushirikiano wa wote ili kufanya hili liwe kiwanda cha nyama duniani.
For starters, we need the present meat industry. We don't want to disrupt the meat industry, we want to transform it. We need their economies of scale, their global supply chain, their marketing expertise and their massive consumer base.
Mwanzo, tunahiaji sekta ya nyama ya sasa. Hatutaki kuvuruga sekta ya nyama, tunataka kuibadilisha. Tunahitaji dhana yake ya uchumi, msururu wake wa ugavi, utaalam wake wa uuzaji na wateja wake.
We also need governments. Governments spend tens of billions of dollars every single year on research and development focused on global health and the environment. They should be putting some of that money into optimizing and perfecting the production of plant-based and cell-based meat.
Tunahitaji pia serikali. Serikali hutumia mabilioni ya madola kila mwaka kwa utafiti na maendeleo unaozingatia afya duniani na mazingira. Yanafaa kuwekeza sehemu ya fedha hizo katika sadifisha na kuboresha uzalishaji wa mimea na nyama iliyokuzwa na chembe ya mimea.
Look, tens of thousands of people died from antibiotic-resistant superbugs in North America just last year. By 2050, that number is going to be 10 million per year globally. And climate change represents an existential threat to huge portions of our global family, including some of the poorest people on the face of the planet.
Tazama, kumi ya maelfu ya watu walikufa kutoka kwa usugu wa viuavijasumu Amerika Kaskazini mwaka jana. Ifikapo 2050, tarakimu hiyo itakuwa milioni 10 kwa mwaka duniani. Mabadiliko ya hewa pia ni athari iliyopo kwa sehemu kubwa ya familia yetu duniani, wakiwemo watu maskini zaidi hapa duniani.
Climate change, antibiotic resistance -- these are global emergencies. Meat production is exacerbating these emergencies on a global scale. But we are not going to decrease meat consumption unless we give consumers alternatives that cost the same or less and that taste the same or better.
Mabadiliko ya hewa, kinga ya viuavijasumu-- hizi ni dharura duniani. Uzalishaji wa nyama unazidi dharura hizi kwa kipimo duniani. Lakini hatuendi kupunduza ulaji nyama hadi tuwape walaji bidhaa mbadala zitakazo gharimu sawa au chini na ladha iwe sawia au bora.
We have the solution. Let's make meat from plants. Let's grow it directly from cells. It's past time that we mobilize the resources that are necessary to create the next global agricultural revolution.
Tuko na jawabu. Tutengeneze nyama kutoka kwa mimea. Tuikuze moja kwa moja kutoka kwa chembe. Tayari tumechelewa kutumia raslimali tulizonazo kutengeneza mapinduzi ya kilimo mapya.
Thank you.
Asanteni.
(Applause)
(Makofi)