What an intriguing group of individuals you are ... to a psychologist.
Kakva ste vi grupa fascinantnih pojedinaca... za psihologa.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
I've had the opportunity over the last couple of days of listening in on some of your conversations and watching you interact with each other. And I think it's fair to say, already, that there are 47 people in this audience, at this moment, displaying psychological symptoms I would like to discuss today.
Imao sam priliku tokom prethodnih nekoliko dana da prisluškujem neke od vaših razgovora i da vas gledam kako interagujete jedni s drugima. I mislim da je pošteno reći, već, da ima 47 ljudi u ovoj publici, u ovom momentu, koji ispoljavaju psihološke simptome o kojima ću danas da raspravljam.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
And I thought you might like to know who you are.
I smatrao sam da biste voleli da znate ko ste.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
But instead of pointing at you, which would be gratuitous and intrusive, I thought I would tell you a few facts and stories, in which you may catch a glimpse of yourself.
No umesto da upirem prstom u vas, što bi bilo nepravedno i nametljivo. Mislio sam da vam ispričam nekoliko činjenica i priča, u kojima biste mogli da uhvatite nagoveštaj samih sebe.
I'm in the field of research known as personality psychology, which is part of a larger personality science which spans the full spectrum, from neurons to narratives. And what we try to do, in our own way, is to make sense of how each of us -- each of you -- is, in certain respects, like all other people, like some other people and like no other person.
Radim u oblasti istraživanja poznatoj kao psihologija ličnosti, koja je deo veće nauke o ličnosti koja se proteže čitavim rasponom od neurona do pripovedanja. A mi pokušavamo, na svoj način, da shvatimo kako svako od nas - svako od vas - je na neki način nalik svim drugim ljudima, liči na neke druge ljude i ne liči na bilo koga drugog.
Now, already you may be saying of yourself, "I'm not intriguing. I am the 46th most boring person in the Western Hemisphere." Or you may say of yourself, "I am intriguing, even if I am regarded by most people as a great, thundering twit."
Sad, već možda govorite sebi: "Nisam fascinantan. Na 46. mestu sam najdosadnijih osoba na zapadnoj hemisferi." Ili možda govorite sebi: "Fascinantan sam, čak iako većina drugih ljudi misli da sam veliki, gromoglasni glupan."
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
But it is your self-diagnosed boringness and your inherent "twitiness" that makes me, as a psychologist, really fascinated by you. So let me explain why this is so.
Ali ta je vaša dijagnoza sebe kao dosade i vaša urođena "budalastost" ono zbog čega sam ja, kao psihoog, fasciniran vama. Dozvolite da vam objasnim zašto je tako.
One of the most influential approaches in personality science is known as trait psychology, and it aligns you along five dimensions which are normally distributed, and that describe universally held aspects of difference between people. They spell out the acronym OCEAN. So, "O" stands for "open to experience," versus those who are more closed. "C" stands for "conscientiousness," in contrast to those with a more lackadaisical approach to life. "E" -- "extroversion," in contrast to more introverted people. "A" -- "agreeable individuals," in contrast to those decidedly not agreeable. And "N" -- "neurotic individuals," in contrast to those who are more stable.
Jedan od najuticajnijih pristupa u nauci o ličnosti je poznat kao psihologija karaktera i ona vas svrstava u pet dimenzija koje su obično rasprostranjene, i koje opisuju univerzalno shvaćene aspekte razlika među ljudima. One ispisuju akronim OKEAN. Dakle, "O" stoji za "otvoreni za iskustva", nasuprot onima koji su zatvoreniji. "K" stoji za "kulturni pojedinci", nasuprot onima krajnje nekulturnim. "E" - "ekstravertnost", nasuprot introvertnijim ljudima. "A" - "akribičnost", nasuprot onima s nešto apatičnijem pristupom životu. I "N" - neurotični pojedinci", nasuprot onima koji su stabilniji.
All of these dimensions have implications for our well-being, for how our life goes. And so we know that, for example, openness and conscientiousness are very good predictors of life success, but the open people achieve that success through being audacious and, occasionally, odd. The conscientious people achieve it through sticking to deadlines, to persevering, as well as having some passion. Extroversion and agreeableness are both conducive to working well with people. Extroverts, for example, I find intriguing. With my classes, I sometimes give them a basic fact that might be revealing with respect to their personality: I tell them that it is virtually impossible for adults to lick the outside of their own elbow.
Sve ove dimenzije nagoveštavaju naše stanje, kako teče naš život. Te znamo, na primer, otvorenost i akribičnost su dobri predskazivači uspeha u životu, ali otvoreni ljudi postižu uspeh putem odvažnosti i, ponekad, čudaštva. Savesni ljudi to postižu držeći se rokova, upornošću, kao i uz posedovanje strasti. Ekstravertnost i prijatnost pogoduju dobroj saradnji s ljudima. Na primer, fascinantni su mi ekstraverti. Na mojim predavanjima ponekad iznosim osnovne činjenice koje mogu da razotkriju njihove ličnosti: kažem im da je odraslima praktično nemoguće da liznu spoljašnjost njihovog lakta.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Did you know that? Already, some of you have tried to lick the outside of your own elbow. But extroverts amongst you are probably those who have not only tried, but they have successfully licked the elbow of the person sitting next to them.
Da li ste to znali? Već su neki od vas pokušali da liznu spoljašnjost svog lakta. No ekstraverti među vama ne samo da su probali, već su uspešno liznuli lakat osobe koja sedi pored njih.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Those are the extroverts.
To su ekstraverti.
Let me deal in a bit more detail with extroversion, because it's consequential and it's intriguing, and it helps us understand what I call our three natures. First, our biogenic nature -- our neurophysiology. Second, our sociogenic or second nature, which has to do with the cultural and social aspects of our lives. And third, what makes you individually you -- idiosyncratic -- what I call your "idiogenic" nature.
Dozvolite da se osvrnem podrobnije na ekstravertnost jer je važna i fascinantna i pomaže nam da razumemo nešto što nazivam našim trima prirodama. Prvo, našu biogenetičku prirodu - našu neurofiziologiju. Drugo, našu sociogenetičku ili drugu prirodu, koja je u vezi sa kulturološkim i društvenim aspektima naših života. I treće, ono što vas pojedinačno čini vama - idiosinkratičnost - nešto što nazivam vašom "idiogenetičkom" prirodom.
Let me explain. One of the things that characterizes extroverts is they need stimulation. And that stimulation can be achieved by finding things that are exciting: loud noises, parties and social events here at TED -- you see the extroverts forming a magnetic core. They all gather together. And I've seen you. The introverts are more likely to spend time in the quiet spaces up on the second floor, where they are able to reduce stimulation -- and may be misconstrued as being antisocial, but you're not necessarily antisocial. It may be that you simply realize that you do better when you have a chance to lower that level of stimulation.
Dozvolite da objasnim. Jedna od stvari koja karakteriše ekstraverte je potreba za stimulacijom. A ta stimulacija se postiže otkrivanjem uzbudljivih stvari: buka, žurke i društveni događaji ovde na TED-u - zapažate ekstraverte kako obrazuju magnetna jezgra. Svi se okupljaju. I video sam vas. Introverti su skloniji da provode vreme na tihim mestima gore na drugom spratu, gde mogu da umanje stimulanse - te mogu da budu pogrešno shvaćeni kao nedruštveni, ali niste nužno nedruštveni. Možda ste prosto shvatili da više postižete kad imate priliku da umanjite nivo stimulansa.
Sometimes it's an internal stimulant, from your body. Caffeine, for example, works much better with extroverts than it does introverts. When extroverts come into the office at nine o'clock in the morning and say, "I really need a cup of coffee," they're not kidding -- they really do. Introverts do not do as well, particularly if the tasks they're engaged in -- and they've had some coffee -- if those tasks are speeded, and if they're quantitative, introverts may give the appearance of not being particularly quantitative. But it's a misconstrual.
Ponekad je to unutrašnji stimulans, iz vašeg tela. Kofein, na primer, bolje deluje kod ekstraverta nego kod introverta. Kad ekstravert dođe u kancelariju u devet sati ujutru i kaže: "Stvarno mi treba šolja kafe", ne šali se - stvarno im treba. Kod introverta ne deluje tako dobro, naročito ako je zadatak kojim se bave - a popili su nešto kafe - ako su ti zadaci ubrzani i ako su kvantitativni, introverti mogu da odaju utisak da nisu naročito kvantitativni. No to je pogrešno tumačenje.
So here are the consequences that are really quite intriguing: we're not always what seem to be, and that takes me to my next point. I should say, before getting to this, something about sexual intercourse, although I may not have time. And so, if you would like me to -- yes, you would? OK.
Dakle, ovo su posledice koje su zaista prilično fascinantne: nismo uvek ono što se činimo da jesmo, a to me dovodi do sledećeg zaključka. Rekao bih, pre nego stignem do toga, nešto o seksualnom opštenju, iako možda nemam vremena. pa, ako biste voleli - da, voleli biste? U redu.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
There are studies done on the frequency with which individuals engage in the conjugal act, as broken down by male, female; introvert, extrovert. So I ask you: How many times per minute -- oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study --
Rađena su istraživanja o učestalosti kojom se pojedinci bave supružničkim obavezama, razloženi su na muškarce, žene; introverte, ekstraverte. Pa vas pitam: koliko puta u minuti - oh, izvinite, to je istraživanje na pacovima -
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
How many times per month do introverted men engage in the act? 3.0. Extroverted men? More or less? Yes, more. 5.5 -- almost twice as much. Introverted women: 3.1. Extroverted women? Frankly, speaking as an introverted male, which I will explain later -- they are heroic. 7.5. They not only handle all the male extroverts, they pick up a few introverts as well.
Koliko puta mesečno introvertni muškarci obavljaju taj čin? 3.0. Ekstravertni muškarci? Više ili manje? Da, više. 5.5 - skoro dvostruko više. Introvertne žene: 3.1. Ekstravertne ežene? Iskreno, govoreći kao introvertni muškarac, objasniću to kasnije - one su heroji. 7.5. Ne samo da se izbore sa svim muškim ekstravertima, već pokupe i po nekog introverta.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
We communicate differently, extroverts and introverts. Extroverts, when they interact, want to have lots of social encounter punctuated by closeness. They'd like to stand close for comfortable communication. They like to have a lot of eye contact, or mutual gaze. We found in some research that they use more diminutive terms when they meet somebody. So when an extrovert meets a Charles, it rapidly becomes "Charlie," and then "Chuck," and then "Chuckles Baby."
Različito komuniciramo, ekstraverti i introverti. Ekstraverti, kad interaguju, žele da imaju što više društvenih susreta s naglaskon na bliskost. Vole da stoje blizu radi ugodne komunikacije. Vole da imaju mnogo kontakta očima, iliti uzajamnog zurenja. Otkrili smo u nekim istraživanjima da koriste više deminutiv kad upoznaju nekoga. Pa kad ekstravert upozna Čarlsa, on brzo postaje "Čarli", a potom "Čak", a onda "Čakls Bejbi".
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Whereas for introverts, it remains "Charles," until he's given a pass to be more intimate by the person he's talking to. We speak differently. Extroverts prefer black-and-white, concrete, simple language. Introverts prefer -- and I must again tell you that I am as extreme an introvert as you could possibly imagine -- we speak differently. We prefer contextually complex, contingent, weasel-word sentences --
Dok za introverte on ostaje "Čarls", sve dok dobije dozvolu za veću prisnost od osobe s kojom razgovara. Govorimo različito. Ekstraverti više vole crno-beli konkretan, jednostavan jezik. Introverti više vole - i moram da vam ponovim da sam najekstremniji oblik introverta koji možete da zamislite - mi govorimo različito. Nama se više sviđaju kontekstualno složene, nepredvidljive, rečenice s izvijenim rečima -
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
More or less.
Manje-više.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
As it were.
Tako je to.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Not to put too fine a point upon it -- like that.
Da ne pravim suviše prefinjenu poentu - poput te.
When we talk, we sometimes talk past each other. I had a consulting contract I shared with a colleague who's as different from me as two people can possibly be. First, his name is Tom. Mine isn't.
Kada razgovaramo, ponekad govorimo jedni mimo drugih. Imao sam konsultativni ugovor koji sam delio sa kolegom, koji se razlikuje od mene koliko ljudi mogu da se razlikuju. Pre svega, zove se Tom. Ja se ne zovem tako.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Secondly, he's six foot five. I have a tendency not to be.
Zatim, visok je 195,5 cm. To nije moje svojstvo.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
And thirdly, he's as extroverted a person as you could find. I am seriously introverted. I overload so much, I can't even have a cup of coffee after three in the afternoon and expect to sleep in the evening.
I pod tri: on je najekstravertnija osoba koju možete da sretnete. Ja sam ozbiljno introvertan. Tako lako se preopteretim, da ne mogu da popijem šolju kafe nakon tri sata popodne i da se nadam snu uveče.
We had seconded to this project a fellow called Michael. And Michael almost brought the project to a crashing halt. So the person who seconded him asked Tom and me, "What do you make of Michael?" Well, I'll tell you what Tom said in a minute. He spoke in classic "extrovert-ese." And here is how extroverted ears heard what I said, which is actually pretty accurate. I said, "Well Michael does have a tendency at times of behaving in a way that some of us might see as perhaps more assertive than is normally called for."
Imali smo pomoćnika na ovom projektu, kolegu po imenu Majkl. I Majkl je umalo doveo projekat do potpunog zastoja. Pa je osoba koja je njemu bila pomoćnik upitala Toma i mene: "Kako vam se čini Majkl?" Pa, reći ću vam ubrzo šta je Tom rekao. Govorio je klasičnom "ekstravertnošću". I evo kako je ekstravertovano uho čulo šta sam rekao, što je prilično tačno. Rekao sam: "Pa, Majkl ima tendenciju ponekad da se ponaša na način koji bi neki od nas videli kao možda preteranu samouverenost koja je inače bez pokrića."
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Tom rolled his eyes and he said, "Brian, that's what I said: he's an asshole!"
Tom je prevrnuo očima i rekao: "Brajane, to sam ja rekao: on je šupak!"
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Now, as an introvert, I might gently allude to certain "assholic" qualities in this man's behavior, but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word.
Sad, kao introvert, mogao bih blago da aludiram na izvesne "šupkolike" kvalitete u ponašanju ovog čoveka, ali neću posegnuti za rečju na š.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
But the extrovert says, "If he walks like one, if he talks like one, I call him one." And we go past each other.
Ali ekstravert bi rekao: "Ako hoda tako, ako govori tako, ja ga tako i zovem." I mi se mimoilazimo.
Now is this something that we should be heedful of? Of course. It's important that we know this. Is that all we are? Are we just a bunch of traits? No, we're not. Remember, you're like some other people and like no other person. How about that idiosyncratic you? As Elizabeth or as George, you may share your extroversion or your neuroticism. But are there some distinctively Elizabethan features of your behavior, or Georgian of yours, that make us understand you better than just a bunch of traits? That make us love you? Not just because you're a certain type of person.
Sad, da li bismo zbog ovoga trebali da budemo obazrivi? Naravno. Važno je da znamo ovo. Da li se na to svodimo? Da li smo samo gomila osobina? Ne, nismo. Zapamtite, vi ste poput drugih ljudi, i kao niko drugi. Šta je sa vašom idiosinkratičnošću? Kao Elizabet ili kao Džordž možda delite svoju ekstravertovanost ili svoju neurotičnost. Ali postoje li neke jedinstvene elizabetanske crte vašeg ponašanja ili džordžijanskog, zbog kojih vas razumemo bolje nego gomilu osobina? Zbog kojih vas volimo? Ne samo zato što ste određeni tip osobe.
I'm uncomfortable putting people in pigeonholes. I don't even think pigeons belong in pigeonholes. So what is it that makes us different? It's the doings that we have in our life -- the personal projects. You have a personal project right now, but nobody may know it here. It relates to your kid -- you've been back three times to the hospital, and they still don't know what's wrong. Or it could be your mom. And you'd been acting out of character. These are free traits. You're very agreeable, but you act disagreeably in order to break down those barriers of administrative torpor in the hospital, to get something for your mom or your child.
Neugodno mi je da klasifikujem ljude. Ne verujem čak ni da je krompiru mesto u klasama. Pa šta nas to čini drugačijim? To su naša dela koja činimo u životu - lični projekti. Trenutno imate lični projekat, ali možda niko ovde ne zna za to. Odnosi se na vaše dete - tri puta ste se vraćali u bolnicu, a oni i dalje ne znaju šta nije u redu. Ili možda vašu majku. I vi biste izneverili svoj karakter. To su slobodne osobine. Veoma ste kulturni, ali ponašate se nekulturno kako biste srušili te barijere administrativne tromosti u bolnici, da biste nabavili nešto za majku ili svoje dete.
What are these free traits? They're where we enact a script in order to advance a core project in our lives. And they are what matters. Don't ask people what type you are; ask them, "What are your core projects in your life?" And we enact those free traits. I'm an introvert, but I have a core project, which is to profess. I'm a professor. And I adore my students, and I adore my field. And I can't wait to tell them about what's new, what's exciting, what I can't wait to tell them about. And so I act in an extroverted way, because at eight in the morning, the students need a little bit of humor, a little bit of engagement to keep them going in arduous days of study.
Šta su ove slobodne osobine? Tu odigravamo scenario kako bi napredovao ključni projekat u našim životima. I one su važne. Ne pitajte ljude koji su tip; pitajte ih: "Koji su ključni projekti u vašem životu?" I mi odigravamo te slobodne osobine. Ja sam introvert, ali moj ključni projekat je podučavanje. Ja sam profesor. I ja obožavam svoje studente, i obožavam svoju oblast. I jedva čekam da im kažem šta je novo, šta je uzbudljivo, što jedva čekam da im kažem. Te delujem ekstravertovano jer u osam ujutru studentima je potrebna mala doza humora, malo angažovanosti da ih pokrene u napornim danima učenja.
But we need to be very careful when we act protractedly out of character. Sometimes we may find that we don't take care of ourselves. I find, for example, after a period of pseudo-extroverted behavior, I need to repair somewhere on my own. As Susan Cain said in her "Quiet" book, in a chapter that featured the strange Canadian professor who was teaching at the time at Harvard, I sometimes go to the men's room to escape the slings and arrows of outrageous extroverts.
Ali moramo da budemo veoma oprezni kad predugo izneveravamo karakter. Ponekad možemo da otkrijemo da ne vodimo računa o sebi. Otkrio sam, na primer, nakon perioda kvazi-ekstravertnog ponašanja, da moram negde da se samoobnovim. Kako je Suzan Kejn rekla u svojoj knjizi "Quiet", u poglavlju koje se bavi čudnim profesorom iz Kanade koji je svojevremeno predavao na Harvardu, ponekad odem do muškog toaleta da izbegnem bičeve i udarce razuzdanih ekstraverta.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
I remember one particular day when I was retired to a cubicle, trying to avoid overstimulation. And a real extrovert came in beside me -- not right in my cubicle, but in the next cubicle over -- and I could hear various evacuatory noises, which we hate -- even our own, that's why we flush during as well as after.
Sećam se naročito dana kad sam se povukao u kabinu, pokušavajući da izbegnem preterane stimulanse. A istinski ekstravert je došao - nije baš ušao u moju kabinu - već u susednu kabinu - i mogao sam da čujem neke zvuke pražnjenja, koje mrzimo - čak i sopstvene, stoga puštamo vodu tokom i nakon nužde.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
And then I heard this gravelly voice saying, "Hey, is that Dr. Little?"
A onda sam čuo taj barušnasti glas kako govori: "Hej, da li je to dr Litl?"
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
If anything is guaranteed to constipate an introvert for six months, it's talking on the john.
Ako nešto garantuje šestomesečnu konstipaciju kod introverta, to je pričanje na šolji.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
That's where I'm going now. Don't follow me.
Sad idem tamo. Ne pratite me.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)