This is the Large Hadron Collider. It's 27 kilometers in circumference. It's the biggest scientific experiment ever attempted. Over 10,000 physicists and engineers from 85 countries around the world have come together over several decades to build this machine. What we do is we accelerate protons -- so, hydrogen nuclei -- around 99.999999 percent the speed of light. Right? At that speed, they go around that 27 kilometers 11,000 times a second. And we collide them with another beam of protons going in the opposite direction. We collide them inside giant detectors.
Ovo je Veliki hadronski sudarač Njegov obim je 27 kilometara; to je najveći naučni eksperiment ikada napravljen. Preko 10.000 fizičara i inženjera iz 85 zemalja širom sveta je radilo zajedno više decenija da sagradili ovu mašinu. Ono što mi radimo jeste da ubrzavamo protone -- tako, jezgra vodonika -- oko 99,999999 procenata brzine svetlosti. Shvatate? Pri toj brzini, oni kruže onih 27 kilometara 11.000 puta u sekundi. I mi ih sudaramo sa još jednim snopom protona koji ide u suprotnom smeru. Mi ih sudaramo unutar ovih ogromnih detektora.
They're essentially digital cameras. And this is the one that I work on, ATLAS. You get some sense of the size -- you can just see these EU standard-size people underneath.
Oni su u suštini digitalni fotoaparati. A ovaj na kome ja radim, ATLAS. Dobićete predstavu o veličini -- kada pogledate ove EU standardizovane veličine ljude koji stoje ispod.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
You get some sense of the size: 44 meters wide, 22 meters in diameter, 7,000 tons. And we re-create the conditions that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began up to 600 million times a second inside that detector -- immense numbers. And if you see those metal bits there -- those are huge magnets that bend electrically charged particles, so it can measure how fast they're traveling. This is a picture about a year ago. Those magnets are in there. And, again, a EU standard-size, real person, so you get some sense of the scale. And it's in there that those mini-Big Bangs will be created, sometime in the summer this year.
Steknete neki osećaj za veličinu: 44 metara širok, 22 metara u prečniku, 7.000 tona. A mi ponovo stvaramo uslove koji su postojali manje od milijarditog dela sekunde nakon što je nastao svemir do 600 miliona puta u sekundi unutar tog detektora - ogromne brojke. I ako vidite one metalne delove tamo -- to su ogromni magneti koji savijaju naelektrisane čestice, tako da može da meri kojom brzinom putuju. Ovo je slika od pre nekih godinu dana. Ovi magneti su tamo unutra. I, opet, stvarna osoba, EU standardizovane veličine, tako da shvatate odnos veličine. I tamo će nastajati ti mini-Veliki praskovi, u nekom trenutku ovog leta.
And actually, this morning, I got an email saying that we've just finished, today, building the last piece of ATLAS. So as of today, it's finished. I'd like to say that I planned that for TED, but I didn't. So it's been completed as of today.
I zapravo, jutros, sam dobio elektronsku poštu da smo danas upravo završili, sa izgradnjom poslednjeg dela ATLAS-a. Tako da je od danas gotov. Voleo bih da mogu da kažem da je ovo bilo planirano baš za TED, ali nije. Tako da je baš danas završeno.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Yeah, it's a wonderful achievement. So, you might be asking, "Why? Why create the conditions that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began?" Well, particle physicists are nothing if not ambitious. And the aim of particle physics is to understand what everything's made of, and how everything sticks together. And by everything I mean, of course, me and you, the Earth, the Sun, the 100 billion suns in our galaxy and the 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe. Absolutely everything.
Da, to je divno dostignuće. Možda se pitate, ''Zašto? zašto stvarati uslove koji su postojali pre manje od milijarditog dela sekunde nakon što je nastao svemir?'' Pa, fizičari koji proučavaju čestice su u svakom slučaju ambiciozni. A cilj fizike čestica jeste da razume od čega je sve napravljeno i kako se sve drži na mestu. I kad kažem ''sve'' mislim, naravno, na vas i mene, Zemlju, Sunce, hiljade milijardi sunca u našoj galaksiji i na hiljade milijardi galaksija u nama poznatom svemiru. Apsolutno svemu.
Now you might say, "Well, OK, but why not just look at it? You know? If you want to know what I'm made of, let's look at me." Well, we found that as you look back in time, the universe gets hotter and hotter, denser and denser, and simpler and simpler. Now, there's no real reason I'm aware of for that, but that seems to be the case. So, way back in the early times of the universe, we believe it was very simple and understandable. All this complexity, all the way to these wonderful things -- human brains -- are a property of an old and cold and complicated universe. Back at the start, in the first billionth of a second, we believe, or we've observed, it was very simple.
Vi možete reći, ''U redu, ali zašto jednostavno ne bismo to posmatrali? Znate šta? Ako želite da znate od čega sam napravljen, pogledajte me''. Pa, utvrdili smo da kako idete dalje u prošlost, svemir biva sve topliji i topliji, gušći i gušći i jednostavniji i jednostavniji. Ja ne znam neki dobar razlog za to, ali izgleda da je tako. I tako, u dalekoj prošlosti svemira, verujemo da je sve bilo veoma jednostavno i razumljivo. Sva ova složenost, sve do ovih divnih stvari -- ljudskog mozga -- je osobina starog i hladnog i komplikovanog svemira. Na početku, u prvom milijarditom delu sekunde, mi verujemo, ili smo primetili, stvari su bile veoma jednostavne.
It's almost like ... imagine a snowflake in your hand, and you look at it, and it's an incredibly complicated, beautiful object. But as you heat it up, it'll melt into a pool of water, and you would be able to see that, actually, it was just made of H20, water. So it's in that same sense that we look back in time to understand what the universe is made of. And, as of today, it's made of these things. Just 12 particles of matter, stuck together by four forces of nature. The quarks, these pink things, are the things that make up protons and neutrons that make up the atomic nuclei in your body. The electron -- the thing that goes around the atomic nucleus -- held around in orbit, by the way, by the electromagnetic force that's carried by this thing, the photon. The quarks are stuck together by other things called gluons.
To je skoro kao... zamislite da u ruci držite pahuljicu, i kada je pogledate, to je neverovatno složeni, divni predmet. Ali kada je zagrejete, ona se istopi u baricu vode, i vidite da je zapravo nastala samo od H20, vode. Tako na isti način posmatramo prošlost da bismo razumeli od čega je svemir napravljen. A od danas, napravljen je od ovih stvari. Samo 12 čestica materije, spojenih uz pomoć četiri sile prirode. Kvarkovi, ove roze stvari, su ono od čega se sastoje protoni i neutroni koji čine atomska jezgra u vašem telu. Elektron - ovo što kruži oko atomskog jezgra -- se održava u orbiti, kad smo već kod toga, elektromagnetnom silom koju nosi ova stvar, foton. Kvarkovi se drže zajedno uz pomoć ovih ovde koji se zovu gluoni.
And these guys, here, they're the weak nuclear force, probably the least familiar. But, without it, the sun wouldn't shine. And when the sun shines, you get copious quantities of these things, called neutrinos, pouring out. Actually, if you just look at your thumbnail -- about a square centimeter -- there are something like 60 billion neutrinos per second from the sun, passing through every square centimeter of your body. But you don't feel them, because the weak force is correctly named -- very short range and very weak, so they just fly through you.
A ovi ovde, oni su slaba nuklearna sila, koja je verovatno najmanje poznata. Ali bez njih sunce ne bi sijalo. A kada sunce sija, dobijamo velike količine ovih stvari ovde koje se zovu neutrina. Zapravo, ako samo pogledate svoj nokat na palcu -- oko jednog kvadratnog centimetra -- tu ima nešto oko 60 milijardi neutrina u sekundi od sunca, koji prolaze kroz svaki kvadratni centimetar vašeg tela. Ne osećate ih jer je slaba sila precizan naziv. Veoma kratak raspon i veoma slaba, tako da samo prolete kroz vas.
And these particles have been discovered over the last century, pretty much. The first one, the electron, was discovered in 1897, and the last one, this thing called the tau neutrino, in the year 2000. Actually just -- I was going to say, just up the road in Chicago. I know it's a big country, America, isn't it? Just up the road. Relative to the universe, it's just up the road.
I ove čestice su otkrivene tokom prošlog veka, uglavnom. Prva, elektron, je otkriven 1897, a poslednja, nešto što se naziva tau neutrino, 2000. godine. Zapravo, -- hteo sam da kažem, upravo niz ulicu u Čikagu. Znam da je ovo jedna velika zemlja, Amerika, zar ne? Niz ulicu. U odnosu na svemir, i jeste samo niz ulicu.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
So, this thing was discovered in the year 2000, so it's a relatively recent picture. One of the wonderful things, actually, I find, is that we've discovered any of them, when you realize how tiny they are. You know, they're a step in size from the entire observable universe. So, 100 billion galaxies, 13.7 billion light years away -- a step in size from that to Monterey, actually, is about the same as from Monterey to these things. Absolutely, exquisitely minute, and yet we've discovered pretty much the full set.
I tako, ovo je otkriveno 2000. godine, tako da je ovo relativno novija slika. Jedna od divnih stvari, zapravo, po meni, jeste da smo ih uopšte otkrili, kada shvatite koliko su male. Znate, one su korak udaljene od celokupnog poznatog svemira. Tako 100 milijardi galaksija, udaljene 13,7 milijardi svetlosnih godina -- korak odatle do Montereja, zapravo, je isti kao od Montereja do ovih stvari. Apsolutno, savršeno sićušne, a ipak otkrili smo manje više ceo komplet.
So, one of my most illustrious forebears at Manchester University, Ernest Rutherford, discoverer of the atomic nucleus, once said, "All science is either physics or stamp collecting." Now, I don't think he meant to insult the rest of science, although he was from New Zealand, so it's possible.
Tako, jedan od mojih najslavnijih prethodnika na Univerzitetu u Mančesteru, Ernest Raderford, koji je otkrio atomsko jezgro, je jednom rekao, ''Sva nauka je ili fizika ili sakupljanje markica''. Mislim da nije hteo da vređa ostatak nauke, mada je bio sa Novog Zelanda, tako da je moguće.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
But what he meant was that what we've done, really, is stamp collect there. OK, we've discovered the particles, but unless you understand the underlying reason for that pattern -- you know, why it's built the way it is -- really you've done stamp collecting. You haven't done science. Fortunately, we have probably one of the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century that underpins that pattern. It's the Newton's laws, if you want, of particle physics. It's called the standard model -- beautifully simple mathematical equation. You could stick it on the front of a T-shirt, which is always the sign of elegance. This is it.
Ali hteo je da kaže da ono što smo uradili, zaista, je skupljanje markica -- OK, otkrili smo čestice, ali ako ne razumete suštinske razloge za tako ponašanje - znate, zašto je nešto napravljeno na taj način -- onda se bavite samo skupljanjem markica - ne bavite se naukom. Na sreću, mi imamo najverovatnije jedno od najvećih naučnih otkrića 20. veka koje podupire to ponašanje. To su Njutnovi zakoni, ako želite, fizike čestica. To se naziva ''standardnim modelom'' - savršeno jednostavna matematička jednačina. Možete je staviti na majcu, što je uvek znak elegancije. To je to.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
I've been a little disingenuous, because I've expanded it out in all its gory detail. This equation, though, allows you to calculate everything -- other than gravity -- that happens in the universe. So, you want to know why the sky is blue, why atomic nuclei stick together -- in principle, you've got a big enough computer -- why DNA is the shape it is. In principle, you should be able to calculate it from that equation.
Bio sam malo neiskren, jer sam je proširio sa svim zanimljivim detaljima. Ovaj jednačina, ipak, vam omogućava da sve izračunate -- osim gravitacije -- što se događa u svemiru. I tako ako želite da znate zašto je nebo plavo, zašto se atomska jezgra drže zajedno -- u principu, imate dovoljno veliki kompjuter -- zašto je DNK takvog oblika. U principu, mogli biste da izračunate preko te jednačine.
But there's a problem. Can anyone see what it is? A bottle of champagne for anyone that tells me. I'll make it easier, actually, by blowing one of the lines up. Basically, each of these terms refers to some of the particles. So those Ws there refer to the Ws, and how they stick together. These carriers of the weak force, the Zs, the same. But there's an extra symbol in this equation: H. Right, H. H stands for Higgs particle. Higgs particles have not been discovered. But they're necessary: they're necessary to make that mathematics work. So all the exquisitely detailed calculations we can do with that wonderful equation wouldn't be possible without an extra bit. So it's a prediction: a prediction of a new particle.
Ali postoji problem. Da li neko zna koji? Flaša šampanjca za onog ko zna. Olakšaću vam, zapravo, tako što ću uvećati jedan od ovih redova. U suštini, svaki od ovih izraza se odnosi na neke od čestica. Tako da se ovi W-ovi odnose na W-ove i kako se drže zajedno. Ovi nosioci slabe sile, Zed-ovi, isto. Ali postoji jedan simbol viška u ovoj jednačini: H. Da, H. H označava Higsovu česticu. Higsove čestice još nisu otkrivene. Ali su potrebne - potrebne su da bi matematika funkcionisala. Tako da sva ova neverovatno detaljna računanja koja vršimo sa tom divnom jednačinom ne bi bila moguća bez tog dodatnog dela. To je predviđanje -- predviđanje postojanja nove čestice.
What does it do? Well, we had a long time to come up with good analogies. And back in the 1980s, when we wanted the money for the LHC from the U.K. government, Margaret Thatcher, at the time, said, "If you guys can explain, in language a politician can understand, what the hell it is that you're doing, you can have the money. I want to know what this Higgs particle does." And we came up with this analogy, and it seemed to work. Well, what the Higgs does is, it gives mass to the fundamental particles. And the picture is that the whole universe -- and that doesn't mean just space, it means me as well, and inside you -- the whole universe is full of something called a Higgs field. Higgs particles, if you will.
Šta ona radi? Pa, imali smo dosta vremena da smislimo dobra poređenja. I još 1980-tih, kada smo hteli novac za LHC od britanske vlade, Margaret Thatcher, u to vreme, je rekla ''Ako vi možete da objasnite, jezikom koji političar može da razume, šta je zapravo to što radite, dobićete novac. Želim da znam šta ta Higsova čestica radi''. I smislili smo ovo poređenje i mislim da je dobro. Ono što Higs radi jeste da daje masu fundamentalnim česticama. I ideja jeste da ceo svemir -- i ne samo u svemiru, već unutar vas i mene -- ceo svemir je pun nečega što se zove Higsovo polje. Higsove čestice, ako hoćete.
The analogy is that these people in a room are the Higgs particles. Now when a particle moves through the universe, it can interact with these Higgs particles. But imagine someone who's not very popular moves through the room. Then everyone ignores them. They can just pass through the room very quickly, essentially at the speed of light. They're massless. And imagine someone incredibly important and popular and intelligent walks into the room. They're surrounded by people, and their passage through the room is impeded. It's almost like they get heavy. They get massive. And that's exactly the way the Higgs mechanism works. The picture is that the electrons and the quarks in your body and in the universe that we see around us are heavy, in a sense, and massive, because they're surrounded by Higgs particles. They're interacting with the Higgs field.
Poređenje jeste da su ljudi u ovoj prostoriji Higsove čestice. Kada se čestica kreće kroz svemir, onda može da deluje sa Higsovim česticama. Ali zamislite nekoga ko nije mnogo popularan da ide kroz ovu prostoriju. Svi ga ignorišu. Može da se kreće veoma brzo kroz prostoriju, u suštini brzinom svetlosti. On nema masu. A onda zamislite nekoga neverovatno važnog i popularnog i pametnog da uđe u sobu. On bi bio okružen ljudima i teško bi prošao kroz sobu. Kao da postaje teži. Postaje masivan. I upravo tako funkcioniše Higsov mehanizam. Ideja jeste da su elektroni i kvarkovi u vašem telu i svemiru koji vidimo oko nas teški, i na neki način, masivni, jer su okruženi Higsovim česticama. Oni medjusobno deluju sa Higsovim poljem.
If that picture's true, then we have to discover those Higgs particles at the LHC. If it's not true -- because it's quite a convoluted mechanism, although it's the simplest we've been able to think of -- then whatever does the job of the Higgs particles we know have to turn up at the LHC. So, that's one of the prime reasons we built this giant machine. I'm glad you recognize Margaret Thatcher. Actually, I thought about making it more culturally relevant, but -- (Laughter) anyway. So that's one thing. That's essentially a guarantee of what the LHC will find.
Ako je ova ideja tačna, onda moramo da otkrijemo te Higsove čestice u LHC-u. Ako nije tačna -- jer je to dosta zamršeni mehanizam, iako je najjednostavniji koji smo mogli da smislimo -- onda šta god vrši posao Higsovih čestica znamo da mora da se pojavi u LHC-u. To je glavni razlog zašto smo napravili ovu ogromnu mašinu. Drago mi je što prepoznajete Margaret Thatcher. Zapravo, hteo sam da bude kulturno relevantnije, ali -- (smeh) kako god. To je jedno. To je u suštini garancija onoga što će LHC naći.
There are many other things. You've heard many of the big problems in particle physics. One of them you heard about: dark matter, dark energy. There's another issue, which is that the forces in nature -- it's quite beautiful, actually -- seem, as you go back in time, they seem to change in strength. Well, they do change in strength. So, the electromagnetic force, the force that holds us together, gets stronger as you go to higher temperatures. The strong force, the strong nuclear force, which sticks nuclei together, gets weaker. And what you see is the standard model -- you can calculate how these change -- is the forces, the three forces, other than gravity, almost seem to come together at one point. It's almost as if there was one beautiful kind of super-force, back at the beginning of time. But they just miss.
Postoje mnoge druge stvari. Čuli ste za mnoge velike probleme u fizici čestica. Za ovo ste čuli: tamna materija, tamna energija. Postoji još jedno pitanje, a to je da sile u prirodi - ovo je zapravo veoma lepo -- izgleda, kako idete u prošlost, izgleda menjaju jačinu. Zapravo, one zaista menjaju jačinu. Tako, elektromagnetna sila, koja nas drži zajedno, postaje jača na višim temperaturama. Jaka sila, jaka nuklearna sila, koja drži jezgra zajedno, slabi. I ono što vidite je standardni model -- možete izračunati kako ove promene - sile -- tri sile, osim gravitacije -- se izgleda skoro spajaju u jednom trenutku. Skoro kao da postoji jedna lepa vrsta supersile, na početku postojanja vremena. Ali se promaše za malo.
Now there's a theory called super-symmetry, which doubles the number of particles in the standard model, which, at first sight, doesn't sound like a simplification. But actually, with this theory, we find that the forces of nature do seem to unify together, back at the Big Bang -- absolutely beautiful prophecy. The model wasn't built to do that, but it seems to do it. Also, those super-symmetric particles are very strong candidates for the dark matter. So a very compelling theory that's really mainstream physics. And if I was to put money on it, I would put money on -- in a very unscientific way -- that that these things would also crop up at the LHC. Many other things that the LHC could discover.
Postoji teorija koja se zove supersimetrija, koja udvostručuje broj čestica u standardnom modelu. Što se na prvi pogled ne čini pojednostavljivanjem. Ali zapravo, sa ovom teorijom, otkrili smo da sile prirode se izgleda sjedinjavaju, kod Velikog praska. Apsolutno divno predviđanje. Model nije napravljen da to radi, ali izgleda da radi. Takođe, ove supersimetrične čestice su veoma ozbiljni kandidati za tamnu materiju. Znači veoma ubedljiva teorija to je stvarno osnovna fizika. I kad bih hteo da se kladim, kladio bih se -- na veoma nenaučni način -- da će se ove stvari pojaviti u LHC-u. Ima mnogo drugih stvari koje LHC može da otkrije.
But in the last few minutes, I just want to give you a different perspective of what I think -- what particle physics really means to me -- particle physics and cosmology. And that's that I think it's given us a wonderful narrative -- almost a creation story, if you'd like -- about the universe, from modern science over the last few decades. And I'd say that it deserves, in the spirit of Wade Davis' talk, to be at least put up there with these wonderful creation stories of the peoples of the high Andes and the frozen north. This is a creation story, I think, equally as wonderful.
Ali u proteklih par minuta, hteo sam samo da vam pokažem drugačiji ugao gledanja onogo što ja mislim -- što fizika čestica stvarno znači meni -- fizika čestica i kosmologija. I to mislim da je to ono što nam je dalo divnu priču -- skoro priču o postanju, ako hoćete -- o svemiru, od savremene nauke tokom proteklih nekoliko decenija. I rekao bih da zaslužuje, u duhu predavanja Wade-a Davis-a, da barem stoji tu sa ovim divnim pričama o postanju naroda koji žive visoko u Andima i hladnom severu. Ovo je pričao o postanju, za koju mislim da je podjednako divna.
The story goes like this: we know that the universe began 13.7 billion years ago, in an immensely hot, dense state, much smaller than a single atom. It began to expand about a million, billion, billion, billion billionth of a second -- I think I got that right -- after the Big Bang. Gravity separated away from the other forces. The universe then underwent an exponential expansion called inflation. In about the first billionth of a second or so, the Higgs field kicked in, and the quarks and the gluons and the electrons that make us up got mass. The universe continued to expand and cool. After about a few minutes, there was hydrogen and helium in the universe. That's all. The universe was about 75 percent hydrogen, 25 percent helium. It still is today.
Priča ide ovako: znamo da je svemir nastao pre 13,7 milijardi godina, u neizmerno vrućem, gustom stanju, mnogo manjem od jednog atoma. Počeo je da se širi oko miliona milijarde milijarde milijarde milijarditog dela sekunde - mislim da sam dobro rekao - nakon Velikog praska. Gravitacija se odvojila od ostalih sila. Svemir je prošao kroz eksponencionalno širenje nazvano inflacija. U otprilike prvom milijarditom delu sekunde ili tu negde, Higsovo polje se trglo i kvarkovi gluoni i elektroni od kojih se mi sastojimo su stekli masu. Svemir je nastavio da se širi i hladi. Nakon nekih par minuta, nastali su vodonik i helijum u svemiru. To je sve. Svemir se sastojao od 75 posto vodonika, 25 posto helijuma. I danas je tako.
It continued to expand about 300 million years. Then light began to travel through the universe. It was big enough to be transparent to light, and that's what we see in the cosmic microwave background that George Smoot described as looking at the face of God. After about 400 million years, the first stars formed, and that hydrogen, that helium, then began to cook into the heavier elements. So the elements of life -- carbon, and oxygen and iron, all the elements that we need to make us up -- were cooked in those first generations of stars, which then ran out of fuel, exploded, threw those elements back into the universe. They then re-collapsed into another generation of stars and planets.
Nastavio je da se širi oko 300 miliona godina. Svetlost je počela da putuje kroz svemir. Bio je dovoljno veliki da bude transparentan za svetlost, i to vidimo u kosmičkoj mikrotalasnoj pozadini koju je George Smoot opisao kao da gleda u lice Boga. Nakon oko 400 miliona godina, nastale su prve zvezde, i onda su taj vodonik i helijum počeli da se kuvaju u teže elemente. Tako da elementi života -- ugljenik, kiseonik i gvožđe, i svi elementi koji su nam potrebni da postojimo -- su nastali u tim prvim generacijama zvezda, koje su onda potrošile gorivo, eksplodirale i vratile te elemente nazad u svemir. Onda su one ponovo pretrpele kolaps u sledeću generaciju zvezda i planeta.
And on some of those planets, the oxygen, which had been created in that first generation of stars, could fuse with hydrogen to form water, liquid water on the surface. On at least one, and maybe only one of those planets, primitive life evolved, which evolved over millions of years into things that walked upright and left footprints about three and a half million years ago in the mud flats of Tanzania, and eventually left a footprint on another world. And built this civilization, this wonderful picture, that turned the darkness into light, and you can see the civilization from space. As one of my great heroes, Carl Sagan, said, these are the things -- and actually, not only these, but I was looking around -- these are the things, like Saturn V rockets, and Sputnik, and DNA, and literature and science -- these are the things that hydrogen atoms do when given 13.7 billion years.
I na nekim od tih planeta, kiseonik koji je nastao u toj prvoj generaciji zvezda je mogao da se spoji sa vodonikom da formira vodu, tečnu vodu na površini. Na barem jednoj i možda jedinoj od tih planeta, razvio se primitivni život, koji se tokom miliona godina razvio u bića koja hodaju uspravno i ostavljaju tragove stopala i oko tri i po miliona godina na ravnoj muljevitoj obali Tanzanije, i na kraju su ostavila otisak stopala na drugom svetu. I izgradili ovu civilizaciju, ovu divnu sliku, koja je pretvorila tamu u svetlost, i možete videti tu civilizaciju iz svemira. Kao što reče jedan od mojih velikih heroja, Carl Sagan, ovo su stvari -- i zapravo, ne samo ove, ali sam gledao okolo -- ovo su stvari, poput raketa Saturn V i Sputnika i DNK i književnosti i nauke -- to su stvari koje rade atomi vodonika kada im date 13,7 milijardi godina.
Absolutely remarkable. And, the laws of physics. Right? So, the right laws of physics -- they're beautifully balanced. If the weak force had been a little bit different, then carbon and oxygen wouldn't be stable inside the hearts of stars, and there would be none of that in the universe. And I think that's a wonderful and significant story. 50 years ago, I couldn't have told that story, because we didn't know it. It makes me really feel that that civilization -- which, as I say, if you believe the scientific creation story, has emerged purely as a result of the laws of physics, and a few hydrogen atoms -- then I think, to me anyway, it makes me feel incredibly valuable.
Stvarno izuzetno. I zakoni fizike. Jel' tako? I tako, pravi zakoni fizike -- su u divnoj ravnoteži. Da je slaba sila bila malo drugačija, onda ugljenik i kiseonik ne bi bili stabilni u srcu zvezda, i ništa od toga ne bi bilo u svemiru. I mislim da je to-- divna i važna priča. Pre 50 godina ne bih mogao da vam ispričam ovu priču, jer je nismo znali. Zato stvarno mislim da da civilizacija -- koja, kao što rekoh, ako verujete u naučnu priču postanja, je nastala iskljčivo kao posledica zakona fizike, i sa par atoma vodonika -- onda ja barem smatram, da se osećam neverovatno vrednim.
So that's the LHC. The LHC is certainly, when it turns on in summer, going to write the next chapter of that book. And I'm certainly looking forward with immense excitement to it being turned on. Thanks.
I to je LHC. LHC će svakako, kada se uključi na leto, napisati sledeće poglavlje te knjige. I tome se svakako radujem sa velikim uzbuđenjem čekam da se uključi. Hvala.
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