This is the Large Hadron Collider. It's 27 kilometers in circumference. It's the biggest scientific experiment ever attempted. Over 10,000 physicists and engineers from 85 countries around the world have come together over several decades to build this machine. What we do is we accelerate protons -- so, hydrogen nuclei -- around 99.999999 percent the speed of light. Right? At that speed, they go around that 27 kilometers 11,000 times a second. And we collide them with another beam of protons going in the opposite direction. We collide them inside giant detectors.
To je Veliki hadronski trkalnik (LHC), ki v premeru meri 27 kilometrov in je najobsežnejši znanstveni eksperiment doslej. Več kot 10.000 fizikov in inženirjev iz 85 držav je pri izdelavi te naprave sodelovalo več desetletij. S trkalnikom pospešujemo protone, vodikova jedra, do hitrosti 99,999999% svetlobne hitrosti. Pri tej hitrosti protoni obkrožijo 27 kilometrov 11.000 krat na sekundo. Pri tem jih trkamo z drugim curkom protonov, ki potujejo v nasprotni smeri. Trkamo jih v velikanskih detektorjih,
They're essentially digital cameras. And this is the one that I work on, ATLAS. You get some sense of the size -- you can just see these EU standard-size people underneath.
ki so pravzaprav digitalne kamere. To je ATLAS, kamera, pri izdelavi katere sodelujem tudi sam. Občutek velikosti vam dajo ljudje standardne EU velikosti ob vznožju detektorja.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
You get some sense of the size: 44 meters wide, 22 meters in diameter, 7,000 tons. And we re-create the conditions that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began up to 600 million times a second inside that detector -- immense numbers. And if you see those metal bits there -- those are huge magnets that bend electrically charged particles, so it can measure how fast they're traveling. This is a picture about a year ago. Those magnets are in there. And, again, a EU standard-size, real person, so you get some sense of the scale. And it's in there that those mini-Big Bangs will be created, sometime in the summer this year.
Nekaj mer za boljšo predstavo: 44 metrov dolg 22 metrov v premeru in 7.000 ton. V detektorju poustvarjamo stanje v času prve miljardinke sekunde po rojstvu vesolja, in to 600 milijonkrat v eni sekundi. Gromozanske številke. Majhni kovinski kosi, ki jih vidite tu, so ogromni magneti, ki ukrivljajo poti nabitih delcev zato, da lahko merimo njihovo hitrost. Tole je leto dni stara slika. Magneti so tule. In zopet človek EU velikosti za občutek razsežnosti. In tu, v notranjosti detektorja, bomo letos poleti ustvarjali male Velike poke.
And actually, this morning, I got an email saying that we've just finished, today, building the last piece of ATLAS. So as of today, it's finished. I'd like to say that I planned that for TED, but I didn't. So it's been completed as of today.
Prav danes zjutraj sem dobil elektronsko pošto in izvedel, da smo dokončali še zadnji košček ATLASa. Danes je torej končano. Želel bi reči, da sem to načrtoval za TED, pa to seveda ni res. Z današnjim dnem je torej dokončano.
(Applause)
(Aplavz)
Yeah, it's a wonderful achievement. So, you might be asking, "Why? Why create the conditions that were present less than a billionth of a second after the universe began?" Well, particle physicists are nothing if not ambitious. And the aim of particle physics is to understand what everything's made of, and how everything sticks together. And by everything I mean, of course, me and you, the Earth, the Sun, the 100 billion suns in our galaxy and the 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe. Absolutely everything.
Ja, res krasen dosežek. Verjetno se sprašujete: "Zakaj?" Zakaj ustvarjati pogoje, ki so bili prisotni v prvi miljardinki sekunde po nastanku vesolja? Fiziki osnovnih delcev so izredno ambiciozni. Fizika osnovnih delcev stremi k razumevanju iz česa in kako je vse sestavljeno. Z vse seveda mislim mene, vas, Zemljo, Sonce, stotine milijard sonc v naši galaksiji in stotine milijard galaksiij v vidnem vesolju. Absolutno vse.
Now you might say, "Well, OK, but why not just look at it? You know? If you want to know what I'm made of, let's look at me." Well, we found that as you look back in time, the universe gets hotter and hotter, denser and denser, and simpler and simpler. Now, there's no real reason I'm aware of for that, but that seems to be the case. So, way back in the early times of the universe, we believe it was very simple and understandable. All this complexity, all the way to these wonderful things -- human brains -- are a property of an old and cold and complicated universe. Back at the start, in the first billionth of a second, we believe, or we've observed, it was very simple.
Lahko bi rekli: " Dobro, ampak zakaj potem preprosto ne pogledamo? Če želite vedeti iz česa sem, potem poglejte." Ugotovili smo, da ko zremo v preteklost, postaja vesolje vedno bolj vroče, gostejše in vedno bolj enostavno. Ne poznam vzroka zakaj je tako, ampak vse kaže, da tako je. Verjamemo, da je bilo v zgodnjem obdobju vesolje zelo enostavno in razumljivo. Vsa ta zapletenost in čudovite stvari - človeški možgani - je lastnost starega, hladnega in zapletenega vesolja. Prav na začetku, v prvi miljardinki sekunde, pa verjamemo oz. smo ugotovili, da je bilo vesolje zelo preprosto.
It's almost like ... imagine a snowflake in your hand, and you look at it, and it's an incredibly complicated, beautiful object. But as you heat it up, it'll melt into a pool of water, and you would be able to see that, actually, it was just made of H20, water. So it's in that same sense that we look back in time to understand what the universe is made of. And, as of today, it's made of these things. Just 12 particles of matter, stuck together by four forces of nature. The quarks, these pink things, are the things that make up protons and neutrons that make up the atomic nuclei in your body. The electron -- the thing that goes around the atomic nucleus -- held around in orbit, by the way, by the electromagnetic force that's carried by this thing, the photon. The quarks are stuck together by other things called gluons.
To je skoraj kot ... Predstavljajte si snežinko na dlani. Gledate vanjo, v to neverjetno zapleteno in lepo stvar. A ker jo grejete se stopi in vidite, da je v resnici sestavljena le iz H20, vode. In v tem smislu gledamo tudi nazaj skozi čas, da bi razumeli, iz česa je vesolje. Danes je sestavljeno iz zgolj 12 osnovnih delcev, ki jih držijo skupaj štiri osnovne sile. Kvarki, te rožnate stvarce, sestavljajo protone in nevtrone, ki sestavljajo atomska jedra v vaših telesih. Elektron, delec, ki kroži okoli atomskega jedra, v kroženje pa ga ujema elektromagetna sila, ki jo povzroča ta delec, foton. Kvarke držijo skupaj gluoni.
And these guys, here, they're the weak nuclear force, probably the least familiar. But, without it, the sun wouldn't shine. And when the sun shines, you get copious quantities of these things, called neutrinos, pouring out. Actually, if you just look at your thumbnail -- about a square centimeter -- there are something like 60 billion neutrinos per second from the sun, passing through every square centimeter of your body. But you don't feel them, because the weak force is correctly named -- very short range and very weak, so they just fly through you.
Tile delci tule - verjetno najmanj znani - pa so šibka jedrska sila. Brez te sile sonce ne bi sijalo. Kadar sonce sije, se izlivajo ogromne količine delcev, ki jim pravimo nevtrini. Poglejte noht na svojem palcu - približno za kvadratni centimeter ga je. Skozi vsak kvadratni centimeter vašega telesa gre vsako sekundo približno 60 milijard Sončevih nevtrinov. Vendar tega ne čutite, ker je šibka sila kar ustrezno ime. Ima zelo kratek doseg in je zelo šibka, zato gredo nevtrini kar skozi vas.
And these particles have been discovered over the last century, pretty much. The first one, the electron, was discovered in 1897, and the last one, this thing called the tau neutrino, in the year 2000. Actually just -- I was going to say, just up the road in Chicago. I know it's a big country, America, isn't it? Just up the road. Relative to the universe, it's just up the road.
Vsi ti delci so bili večinoma odkriti v zadnjem stoletju. Prvi, elektron, je bil odkrit 1897, zadnji, imenuje se tau nevtrino, pa leta 2000. Tule v - skoraj sem rekel tule v bližini, v Chicagu. Vem, tole je velika dežela, Amerika, kajne? Torej, tule v bližini. Glede na velikost vesolja, je to v bližini.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
So, this thing was discovered in the year 2000, so it's a relatively recent picture. One of the wonderful things, actually, I find, is that we've discovered any of them, when you realize how tiny they are. You know, they're a step in size from the entire observable universe. So, 100 billion galaxies, 13.7 billion light years away -- a step in size from that to Monterey, actually, is about the same as from Monterey to these things. Absolutely, exquisitely minute, and yet we've discovered pretty much the full set.
Torej, tau nevtrino je bil odkrit leta 2000, kar pomeni, da je slika relativno sveža. Dejansko je čudovito, da smo te delce sploh odkrili, ker so tako drobceni. So v velikostnem razmerju s celotnim vesoljem. Tako je sto milijard galaksij, 13,7 milijard svetlobnih let proč - pravzaprav v enakem razmerju do Montereya kot Monterey do teh zadevic. Neverjetno majhni, a vendar smo verjetno našli vse.
So, one of my most illustrious forebears at Manchester University, Ernest Rutherford, discoverer of the atomic nucleus, once said, "All science is either physics or stamp collecting." Now, I don't think he meant to insult the rest of science, although he was from New Zealand, so it's possible.
Eden mojih najodličnejših predhodnikov na Univerzi v Manchasterju, Ernest Rutherford, ki je odkril atomsko jedro, je dejal: "Vsa znanost je fizika ali pa zbiranje znamk." Mislim, da ni želel biti žaljiv do drugih vej znanosti, čeprav je bil iz Nove Zelandije, tako da možnost obstaja.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
But what he meant was that what we've done, really, is stamp collect there. OK, we've discovered the particles, but unless you understand the underlying reason for that pattern -- you know, why it's built the way it is -- really you've done stamp collecting. You haven't done science. Fortunately, we have probably one of the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century that underpins that pattern. It's the Newton's laws, if you want, of particle physics. It's called the standard model -- beautifully simple mathematical equation. You could stick it on the front of a T-shirt, which is always the sign of elegance. This is it.
S tem je želel povedati, da je v resnici vse, kar smo naredili, da smo zbrali znamke. Res je, odkrili smo delce, toda dokler ne razumemo temeljnih vzrokov za vzorce - zakaj so stvari take kot so - toliko časa zbiramo znamke in ne ustvarjamo znanosti. K sreči imamo verjetno največji znanstveni dosežek 20. stoletja, ki nam pomaga razumeti vzorec. To je Newtonov zakon fizike delcev. Imenuje se standardni model - čudovito enostavna matematična enačba. Lahko bi ga natisnili na majico, ker je tako eleganten. To je to.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
I've been a little disingenuous, because I've expanded it out in all its gory detail. This equation, though, allows you to calculate everything -- other than gravity -- that happens in the universe. So, you want to know why the sky is blue, why atomic nuclei stick together -- in principle, you've got a big enough computer -- why DNA is the shape it is. In principle, you should be able to calculate it from that equation.
Malo sem bil nepošten, ker sem ga prikazal v vseh veličastnih podrobnostih. S to enačbo lahko izračunamo vse, kar se dogaja v vesolju, razen gravitacije. Če vas zanima zakaj je nebo modro, zakaj so atomska jedra združena ... če imate na voljo dovolj zmogljiv računalnik, tudi zakaj je DNK takšne oblike kot je. V principu lahko to izračunate iz te enačbe.
But there's a problem. Can anyone see what it is? A bottle of champagne for anyone that tells me. I'll make it easier, actually, by blowing one of the lines up. Basically, each of these terms refers to some of the particles. So those Ws there refer to the Ws, and how they stick together. These carriers of the weak force, the Zs, the same. But there's an extra symbol in this equation: H. Right, H. H stands for Higgs particle. Higgs particles have not been discovered. But they're necessary: they're necessary to make that mathematics work. So all the exquisitely detailed calculations we can do with that wonderful equation wouldn't be possible without an extra bit. So it's a prediction: a prediction of a new particle.
A obstaja problem. Ga kdo vidi? Steklenico šampanjca za vsakogar, ki ga vidi. Vam bom olajšal delo in povečal problematične vrstice. Vsak člen predstavlja enega od delcev. Tako "W" označuje delce W in kako se združujejo. Nosilci šibke sile, "Z"-ji, enako. A v izrazu je en dodaten simbol: H. Točno tako, H. H označuje Higgsov delec. Ti delci pa še niso odkriti. Ampak morajo obstajati, morajo, če želimo, da se enačba izide. Fantastično podrobni izračuni, ki jih lahko delamo s to čudovito enačbo, ne bi bili možni brez tega dodatka. Torej imamo napoved novega delca.
What does it do? Well, we had a long time to come up with good analogies. And back in the 1980s, when we wanted the money for the LHC from the U.K. government, Margaret Thatcher, at the time, said, "If you guys can explain, in language a politician can understand, what the hell it is that you're doing, you can have the money. I want to know what this Higgs particle does." And we came up with this analogy, and it seemed to work. Well, what the Higgs does is, it gives mass to the fundamental particles. And the picture is that the whole universe -- and that doesn't mean just space, it means me as well, and inside you -- the whole universe is full of something called a Higgs field. Higgs particles, if you will.
In kaj je vloga Higgsovega delca? Imeli smo dovolj časa, da smo se spomnili dobre analogije. V 80ih, ko smo prosili vlado Velike Britanije za denar za LHC, je Margaret Thatcher rekla: "Če razložite, v politikom razumljivem jeziku, kaj pravzaprav počnete, potem dobite denar. Želim vedeti kaj počne Higgsov delec." In tako smo prišli do analogije, ki je očitno delovala. Torej, Higgsov delec daje maso osnovnim delcem. Celotno vesolje - ne samo prostor, tudi mene in vašo notranjost - napolnjuje Higgsovo polje. Higgsovi delci, če vam je tako bolj všeč.
The analogy is that these people in a room are the Higgs particles. Now when a particle moves through the universe, it can interact with these Higgs particles. But imagine someone who's not very popular moves through the room. Then everyone ignores them. They can just pass through the room very quickly, essentially at the speed of light. They're massless. And imagine someone incredibly important and popular and intelligent walks into the room. They're surrounded by people, and their passage through the room is impeded. It's almost like they get heavy. They get massive. And that's exactly the way the Higgs mechanism works. The picture is that the electrons and the quarks in your body and in the universe that we see around us are heavy, in a sense, and massive, because they're surrounded by Higgs particles. They're interacting with the Higgs field.
Analogijo vlečemo s sobo, polno ljudi, ki predstavljajo Higgsove delce. Ko se delec giblje po vesolju lahko pride v stik s Higgsovimi delci. A v sobi si predstavljajte osebo, ki ni priljubljena. Vsi se ji izmikajo. Ta oseba se lahko giblje zelo hitro, skoraj s svetlobno hitrostjo. Nima mase. Sedaj pa si predstavljajte pomembneža, popularnega in inteligentnega, ki vstopi v sobo. Obkroži ga gruča ljudi in le stežka se prebija naprej. Kot da bi postal težek. Postane masiven. In natanko tako deluje Higgsov mehanizem. Elektroni in kvarki v vašem telesu in v vesolju so težki in masivni, ker jih obkrožajo Higgsovi delci. Sodelujejo s Higgsovim poljem.
If that picture's true, then we have to discover those Higgs particles at the LHC. If it's not true -- because it's quite a convoluted mechanism, although it's the simplest we've been able to think of -- then whatever does the job of the Higgs particles we know have to turn up at the LHC. So, that's one of the prime reasons we built this giant machine. I'm glad you recognize Margaret Thatcher. Actually, I thought about making it more culturally relevant, but -- (Laughter) anyway. So that's one thing. That's essentially a guarantee of what the LHC will find.
Če to drži, potem bomo Higgsove delce odkrili v LHC. Če pa ne drži - mehanizem je namreč precej zapleten, čeprav je najpreprostejši kar smo se jih lahko domislilil - potem karkoli že počno Higgsovi delci, bomo to odkrili v LHC. To je bil eden osnovnih razlogov za gradnjo te ogromne naprave. Me veseli, da ste prepoznali Margaret Thatcher. Govor sem želel narediti bolj kulturno relevanten, ampak ... (Smeh) Kakorkoli. To je stvar, ki jo bomo zagotovo odkrili z LHC.
There are many other things. You've heard many of the big problems in particle physics. One of them you heard about: dark matter, dark energy. There's another issue, which is that the forces in nature -- it's quite beautiful, actually -- seem, as you go back in time, they seem to change in strength. Well, they do change in strength. So, the electromagnetic force, the force that holds us together, gets stronger as you go to higher temperatures. The strong force, the strong nuclear force, which sticks nuclei together, gets weaker. And what you see is the standard model -- you can calculate how these change -- is the forces, the three forces, other than gravity, almost seem to come together at one point. It's almost as if there was one beautiful kind of super-force, back at the beginning of time. But they just miss.
So pa še druge stvari. Slišali ste za številne velike probleme v fiziki delcev. Eden od njih je temna snov in temna energija. Naslednja zadeva je, da se jakost naravnih sil, prečudovito pravzaprav, spreminja z vračanjem v preteklost. Jakost sil se spreminja. Elektromagnetna sila, sila, ki nas drži skupaj, je močnejša pri višjih temperaturah. Močna jedrska sila, ki skupaj drži jedrske delce, pa postaja šibkejša. To napoveduje standardni model, vse lahko izračunate. Tri sile - z izjemo gravitacije - v neki točki skoraj postnejo eno. Kot da bi na začetku časa obstajala ena sama čudovita supersila. A sile se za malenkost zgrešijo.
Now there's a theory called super-symmetry, which doubles the number of particles in the standard model, which, at first sight, doesn't sound like a simplification. But actually, with this theory, we find that the forces of nature do seem to unify together, back at the Big Bang -- absolutely beautiful prophecy. The model wasn't built to do that, but it seems to do it. Also, those super-symmetric particles are very strong candidates for the dark matter. So a very compelling theory that's really mainstream physics. And if I was to put money on it, I would put money on -- in a very unscientific way -- that that these things would also crop up at the LHC. Many other things that the LHC could discover.
Tu nastopi teorija supersimetrije, ki podvoji število delcev v standardnem modelu. Kar, na prvi pogled, ne izgleda kot poenostavitev. Toda s to teorijo se zdi, da se naravne sile zares poenotijo ob času Velikega poka. Naravnost čudovita napoved. Čeprav model ni imel tega namena, pojasni poenotenje sil. Poleg tega so delci nove teorije dobri kandidati za delce temne snovi. To je zelo privlačna teorija, prava trendovska fizika. In če bi moral staviti, bi stavil - na skrajno neznastven način - da se bodo tudi te stvari pojavile v LHC. Še veliko drugega lahko odkrijemo v LHC.
But in the last few minutes, I just want to give you a different perspective of what I think -- what particle physics really means to me -- particle physics and cosmology. And that's that I think it's given us a wonderful narrative -- almost a creation story, if you'd like -- about the universe, from modern science over the last few decades. And I'd say that it deserves, in the spirit of Wade Davis' talk, to be at least put up there with these wonderful creation stories of the peoples of the high Andes and the frozen north. This is a creation story, I think, equally as wonderful.
A v zadnjih minutah vam želim predstaviti še en, drugačen pogled - kar meni meni predstavlja fizika delcev - fiziko delcev in kozmologijo. In ta nam omogoča čudovit vpogled, skorajda zgodbo stvarjenja vesolja v luči znanosti zadnjih desetletij. In po mojem si zasluži, v duhu govora Wade Davisa, da je del zbirke čudovitih zgodb stvarjenja ljudstev visokih Andov in mrzlega severa. Ta zgodba stvarjenja je, po moje, enako čudovita.
The story goes like this: we know that the universe began 13.7 billion years ago, in an immensely hot, dense state, much smaller than a single atom. It began to expand about a million, billion, billion, billion billionth of a second -- I think I got that right -- after the Big Bang. Gravity separated away from the other forces. The universe then underwent an exponential expansion called inflation. In about the first billionth of a second or so, the Higgs field kicked in, and the quarks and the gluons and the electrons that make us up got mass. The universe continued to expand and cool. After about a few minutes, there was hydrogen and helium in the universe. That's all. The universe was about 75 percent hydrogen, 25 percent helium. It still is today.
Gre pa takole: vemo, da ima vesolje začetek pred 13,7 miljardami let, v neznansko vročem, gostem stanju, precej manjšem od atoma. Pričelo se je širiti v miljoninki miljardinki miljardinki miljardinki miljardinki sekunde - mislim, da sem prav povedal - po Velikem poku. Gravitacija se je ločila od ostalih sil. Vesolje je bilo podvrženo eksponentnemu širjenju - inflaciji. V prvi milijardinki sekunde so udarili Higgsovi delci in kvarki, gluoni in elektroni, ki nas sestavljajo, so dobili maso. Vesolje se je širilo in ohlajalo. Po nekaj minutah sta nastala vodik in helij. To je bilo vse. Vesolje je sestavljalo 75% vodika in 25% helija. In tako je še danes.
It continued to expand about 300 million years. Then light began to travel through the universe. It was big enough to be transparent to light, and that's what we see in the cosmic microwave background that George Smoot described as looking at the face of God. After about 400 million years, the first stars formed, and that hydrogen, that helium, then began to cook into the heavier elements. So the elements of life -- carbon, and oxygen and iron, all the elements that we need to make us up -- were cooked in those first generations of stars, which then ran out of fuel, exploded, threw those elements back into the universe. They then re-collapsed into another generation of stars and planets.
Vesolje se je širilo še približno 300 milijonov let. Potem je po vesolju začela potovati svetloba. Vesolje je bilo dovolj veliko, da je postalo prosojno za svetlobo, kar zaznavamo kot kozmično mikrovalovno sevanje, ki ga je George Smoot opisal kot zrenje v obličje Boga. Po približno 400 milijonih let so se oblikovale prve zvezde in vodik ter helij sta se kuhala v težje elemente. Kemijski elementi življenja, ogljik, kisik, železo, vsi elementi, ki nas sestavljajo, so bili skuhani v tistih prvih genercijah zvezd. Ko je zvezdam zmanjkalo goriva, so eksplodirale in elemente je vrglo nazaj v vesolje. Ti elementi so se nato združili v naslednjo generacijo zvezd in planetov.
And on some of those planets, the oxygen, which had been created in that first generation of stars, could fuse with hydrogen to form water, liquid water on the surface. On at least one, and maybe only one of those planets, primitive life evolved, which evolved over millions of years into things that walked upright and left footprints about three and a half million years ago in the mud flats of Tanzania, and eventually left a footprint on another world. And built this civilization, this wonderful picture, that turned the darkness into light, and you can see the civilization from space. As one of my great heroes, Carl Sagan, said, these are the things -- and actually, not only these, but I was looking around -- these are the things, like Saturn V rockets, and Sputnik, and DNA, and literature and science -- these are the things that hydrogen atoms do when given 13.7 billion years.
Na nekaterih planetih se je kisik, ustvarjen na zvezdah prve generacije, spojil z vodikom in tvoril vodo, tekočo vodo na površju. Vsaj na enem planetu, morda celo edinem, se je razvilo preprosto življenje, ki se je v milijonih let razvilo v pokonci hodeča bitja, ki so pred 3,5 milijona let pustila odtise v blatnih ravnicah Tanzanije in končno pustila sledi tudi na drugem svetu. In so zgradila civilizacijo, to čudovito sliko, ki je spremenila temo v luč, in jo lahko vidite iz vesolja. Kot pravi eden mojih junakov, Carl Sagan, to so stvari - in pravzaprav ne samo te, ko se ozrem okoli - to so stvari raketa Saturn V, Sputnik, DNK, literatura in znanost - to so stvari, ki jih ustvarijo vodikovi atomi, ko imajo na razpolago 13,7 milijarde let.
Absolutely remarkable. And, the laws of physics. Right? So, the right laws of physics -- they're beautifully balanced. If the weak force had been a little bit different, then carbon and oxygen wouldn't be stable inside the hearts of stars, and there would be none of that in the universe. And I think that's a wonderful and significant story. 50 years ago, I couldn't have told that story, because we didn't know it. It makes me really feel that that civilization -- which, as I say, if you believe the scientific creation story, has emerged purely as a result of the laws of physics, and a few hydrogen atoms -- then I think, to me anyway, it makes me feel incredibly valuable.
Izjemno. In fizikalni zakoni? Zakoni fizike so čudovito uravnoteženi. Ko bi šibka sila bila le kanček drugačna, potem ogljik in kisik ne bi bila stabilna v srcih zvezd in v vesolju ne bi bilo ničesar. Mislim, da je to čudovita in pomembna zgodba. Pred 50 leti vam je ne bi mogel povedati, ker je nismo poznali. Prav zares mislim, da se je civilizacija, če verjamete znanstveni zgodbi stvarjenja, pojavila kot rezultat zakonov fizike in nekaj vodikovih atomov. In zaradi tega se počutim zelo vrednega.
So that's the LHC. The LHC is certainly, when it turns on in summer, going to write the next chapter of that book. And I'm certainly looking forward with immense excitement to it being turned on. Thanks.
To je torej LHC. LHC bo zagotovo, ko ga poleti vključimo, napisal novo poglavje te knjige. Zelo se že veselim trenutka, ko ga bomo zagnali. Hvala.
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