Chris Anderson asked me if I could put the last 25 years of anti-poverty campaigning into 10 minutes for TED. That's an Englishman asking an Irishman to be succinct.
Kris Anderson me je pitao da li bih mogao da stavim poslednjih 25 godina kampanje protiv siromaštva u 10 minuta za TED. To je Englez koji traži od Irca da bude sažet.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
I said, "Chris, that would take a miracle."
Rekao sam mu: "Krise, za to je potrebno čudo".
He said, "Bono, wouldn't that be a good use of your messianic complex?"
Odgovorio mi je: "Bono, ne bi li tako dobro iskoristio svoj kompleks mesije?"
So, yeah. Then I thought, let's go even further than 25 years. Let's go back before Christ, three millennia, to a time when, at least in my head, the journey for justice, the march against inequality and poverty really began. Three thousand years ago, civilization just getting started on the banks of the Nile, some slaves, Jewish shepherds in this instance, smelling of sheep shit, I guess, proclaimed to the Pharaoh, sitting high on his throne, "We, your majesty-ness, are equal to you."
Tako da, eto. Onda sam pomislio, hajde da se vratimo i dalje od 25 godina unazad. Hajde da se vratimo tri milenijuma pre Hrista, u vreme kada je, barem za mene, borba za pravdu, marš protiv nejednakosti i siromaštva, zapravo počeo. Pre tri hiljade godina, civilizacija se tek rađala na obalama Nila, neki robovi, jevrejski pastiri u ovom slučaju, koji su mirisali na ovčiji izmet, pretpostavljam, izjavili su faraonu koji je sedeo visoko na svom tronu: "Mi smo, vaše Veličanstvo, jednaki kao vi".
And the Pharaoh replies, "Oh, no. You, your miserableness, have got to be kidding."
A faraon odgovara: "A ne. Vi se, vaša jadnosti, sigurno šalite".
And they say, "No, no, that's what it says here in our holy book."
A oni kažu: "Ne, ne, to kaže ovde u našoj svetoj knjizi".
Cut to our century, same country, same pyramids, another people spreading the same idea of equality with a different book. This time it's called the Facebook. Crowds are gathered in Tahrir Square. They turn a social network from virtual to actual, and kind of rebooted the 21st century. Not to undersell how messy and ugly the aftermath of the Arab Spring has been, neither to oversell the role of technology, but these things have given a sense of what's possible when the age-old model of power, the pyramid, gets turned upside down, putting the people on top and the pharaohs of today on the bottom, as it were. It's also shown us that something as powerful as information and the sharing of it can challenge inequality, because facts, like people, want to be free, and when they're free, liberty is usually around the corner, even for the poorest of the poor -- facts that can challenge cynicism and the apathy that leads to inertia, facts that tell us what's working and, more importantly, what's not, so we can fix it, facts that if we hear them and heed them could help us meet the challenge that Nelson Mandela made back in 2005, when he asked us to be that great generation that overcomes that most awful offense to humanity, extreme poverty, facts that build a powerful momentum.
Prelazimo u naš vek, istu državu, iste piramide, drugi ljudi šire istu ideju o jednakosti sa drugačijom knjigom. Ovoga puta ona se zove Fejsbuk. Mase se okupljaju na trgu Tahrir. One pretvaraju socijalnu mrežu iz virtualne u stvarnu i na neki način, resetuju 21. vek. Ne želim da umanjim značaj toga koliko su ružne i neuredne posledice Arapskog proleća, niti da uvećam ulogu tehnologije, ali ovakve stvari su pokazale šta je moguće kada se drevni model moći, piramida, okrene naopačke, stavljajući ljude na vrh, a faraone današnjice na dno. Takođe nam je pokazalo da nešto toliko moćno poput informacije i deljenja informacija može da pokoleba nejednakost, jer činjenice, kao i ljudi, žele da budu slobodne, a kada su slobodne, sloboda je obično iza ćoška, čak i za one najsiromašnije - činjenice koje mogu da pokolebaju cinizam i apatiju koja vodi do inercije, činjenice koje nam govore šta funkcioniše, i još važnije, šta ne funkcioniše, da možemo to da popravimo, činjenice koje ako čujemo i obratimo pažnju na njih ispunjavaju izazov koji je Nelson Mandela postavio još u 2005. kada je od nas tražio da budemo ta velika generacija koja će prevazići onu najgoru uvredu čovečanstvu: ekstremno siromaštvo. Činjenice koje imaju moćan uticaj.
So I thought, forget the rock opera, forget the bombast, my usual tricks. The only thing singing today would be the facts, for I have truly embraced by inner nerd. So exit the rock star. Enter the evidence-based activist, the factivist.
Tako da sam pomislio, zaboravite rok opere, zaboravite pompeznost, trikove koje inače koristim. Jedina stvar koja će danas pevati biće činjenice, jer sam istinski prihvatio svog unutrašnjeg štrebera. Dakle, rok zvezda izlazi. Ulazi aktivista potkrepljen dokazima - faktivista.
Because what the facts are telling us is that the long, slow journey, humanity's long, slow journey of equality, is actually speeding up. Look at what's been achieved. Look at the pictures these data sets print. Since the year 2000, since the turn of the millennium, there are eight million more AIDS patients getting life-saving antiretroviral drugs. Malaria: There are eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa that have their death rates cut by 75 percent. For kids under five, child mortality, kids under five, it's down by 2.65 million a year. That's a rate of 7,256 children's lives saved each day. Wow. Wow. (Applause)
Jer činjenice nam govore da se dugo, sporo putovanje, dugo, sporo putovanje čovečanstva prema jednakosti zapravo ubrzava. Pogledajte šta je postignuto. Pogledajte podatke koje ove slike prikazuju. Od 2000. godine, od početka novog milenijuma, ima 8 miliona više pacijenata koji boluju od side čiji životi se spasavaju antiretrovirusnim lekovima. Malarija: ima 8 zemalja u Podsaharskoj Africi čije stope smrtnosti su smanjene za 75 procenata. Za decu ispod pet godina, smrtnost dece ispod pet godina, smanjila se za 2,65 miliona godišnje. To je stopa od 7256 dečjih života spasenih svakoga dana. Opa. Opa. (Aplauz)
Let's just stop for a second, actually, and think about that. Have you read anything anywhere in the last week that is remotely as important as that number? Wow. Great news. It drives me nuts that most people don't seem to know this news. Seven thousand kids a day. Here's two of them. This is Michael and Benedicta, and they're alive thanks in large part to Dr. Patricia Asamoah -- she's amazing -- and the Global Fund, which all of you financially support, whether you know it or not. And the Global Fund provides antiretroviral drugs that stop mothers from passing HIV to their kids. This fantastic news didn't happen by itself. It was fought for, it was campaigned for, it was innovated for. And this great news gives birth to even more great news, because the historic trend is this. The number of people living in back-breaking, soul-crushing extreme poverty has declined from 43 percent of the world's population in 1990 to 33 percent by 2000 and then to 21 percent by 2010. Give it up for that. (Applause) Halved. Halved.
Hajde zapravo da stanemo na trenutak i razmislimo o tome. Da li ste u toku prošle nedelje igde čuli išta što je približno bitno kao taj broj? Sjajno. Sjajne vesti. Izluđuje me to što većina ljudi izgleda ne zna ove vesti. Sedam hiljada dece dnevno. Evo dvoje od njih. Ovo su Majkl i Benedikta i oni su živi uglavnom zahvaljujući dr Patriši Asamoa, ona je neverovatna, i Globalnom fondu, koji svako od vas finansijski podržava, bilo da to znate ili ne. A Globalni fond obezbeđuje antiretrovirusne lekove kojima se sprečava prenošenje HIV-a sa majki na decu. Ove fantastične vesti nisu se desile same od sebe. Za njih se borilo, vodile su se kampanje, uvodile su se inovacije. A iz ovih sjajnih vesti rađa se još sjajnih vesti jer je istorijski trend sledeći: broj ljudi koji žive u iscrpljujućem, uništavajućem, ogromnom siromaštvu opao je sa 43% svetske populacije u 1990. na 33% do 2000. i onda na 21% do 2010. Molim aplauz za to. (Aplauz) Prepolovljen. Prepolovljen.
Now, the rate is still too high -- still too many people unnecessarily losing their lives. There's still work to do. But it's heart-stopping. It's mind-blowing stuff. And if you live on less than $1.25 a day, if you live in that kind of poverty, this is not just data. This is everything. If you're a parent who wants the best for your kids -- and I am -- this rapid transition is a route out of despair and into hope. And guess what? If the trajectory continues, look where the amount of people living on $1.25 a day gets to by 2030. Can't be true, can it? That's what the data is telling us. If the trajectory continues, we get to, wow, the zero zone. For number-crunchers like us, that is the erogenous zone, and it's fair to say that I am, by now, sexually aroused by the collating of data. So virtual elimination of extreme poverty, as defined by people living on less than $1.25 a day, adjusted, of course, for inflation from a 1990 baseline. We do love a good baseline. That's amazing.
Stopa je i dalje previsoka, i dalje previše ljudi nepotrebno gubi živote. I dalje ima posla. Ali ovo oduzima dah. Ovo je zapanjujuće. A kada živite na manje od 1,25 dolara dnevno, kada živite u takvom siromaštvu, ovo nisu samo podaci. Ovo vam znači sve. Ako ste roditelj koji želi najbolje za svoju decu, kao ja, ova brza promena je put iz očaja u nadu. I znate šta? Ako se ovakva putanja nastavi pogledajte šta će se desiti sa brojem ljudi koji žive na 1,25 dolara dnevno do 2030. To ne može biti istina. Ili može? To nam podaci govore. Ako se putanja nastavi, stići ćemo do, opa, zone nula. Za nas koji se bavimo brojkama to je erogena zona i ispravno je reći da sam ja sada seksualno uzbuđen prikupljenim podacima. Dakle, virtuelna eliminacija ogromnog siromaštva, definisanog ljudima koji žive na 1,25 dolara dnevno, naravno, podešena za inflaciju od osnove u 1990. Volimo dobru osnovu. To je neverovatno.
Now I know that some of you think this progress is all in Asia or Latin America or model countries like Brazil -- and who doesn't love a Brazilian model? -- but look at sub-Saharan Africa. There's a collection of 10 countries, some call them the lions, who in the last decade have had a combination of 100 percent debt cancellation, a tripling of aid, a tenfold increase in FDI -- that's foreign direct investment -- which has unlocked a quadrupling of domestic resources -- that's local money -- which, when spent wisely -- that's good governance -- cut childhood mortality by a third, doubled education completion rates, and they, too, halved extreme poverty, and at this rate, these 10 get to zero too. So the pride of lions is the proof of concept.
Ja znam da će neki od vas pomisliti da je ovaj napredak čitav u Aziji ili Latinskoj Americi ili u državama po modelu kao što je Brazil, a ko ne voli brazilske modele? Ali pogledajte Podsaharsku Afriku. Postoji grupa od 10 država, neki ih zovu "lavovi", koje su u protekloj deceniji imale kombinaciju stoprocentnog ukidanja dugova, utrostručenja pomoći, desetostrukog porasta SDU, tj. stranih direktnih ulaganja, iz koje je proizašlo učetvorostručenje domaćih resursa, tj. lokalnog novca, koji ako se mudro troši, tj. ako se njime dobro upravlja, može smanjiti smrtnost dece za trećinu, udvostručiti stope završetka obrazovanja, a one su takođe prepolovile ekstremno siromaštvo i po trenutnoj stopi, ovih 10 država takođe će stići do nule. Dakle, ponos "lavova" je dokaz ove ideje.
There are all kinds of benefits to this. For a start, you won't have to listen to an insufferable little jumped-up Jesus like myself. How about that? (Applause)
Postoje mnoge koristi ovoga. Za početak, nećete morati da slušate malog nepodnošljivog i uobraženog Isusa kao što sam ja. Šta mislite o tome? (Aplauz)
And 2028, 2030? It's just around the corner. I mean, it's about three Rolling Stones farewell concerts away. (Laughter) I hope. I'm hoping. Makes us look really young.
A 2028, 2030? Samo što nisu stigle. Pazite, to je za neka tri oproštajna koncerta Roling Stonsa. (Smeh) Nadam se. Nadam se. Pored toga mi izgledamo baš mlado.
So why aren't we jumping up and down about this? Well, the opportunity is real, but so is the jeopardy. We can't get this done until we really accept that we can get this done. Look at this graph. It's called inertia. It's how we screw it up. And the next one is really beautiful. It's called momentum. And it's how we can bend the arc of history down towards zero, just doing the things that we know work.
Pa zašto onda ne skačemo od sreće zbog ovoga? Pa, postoji prava prilika, ali i rizik. Ne možemo ovo postići ukoliko stvarno ne prihvatimo da to možemo postići. Pogledajte ovaj grafikon. Ovo se zove inercija. Tako možemo sve zabrljati. A sledeća stvar je veoma lepa. Zove se zamah. I njime možemo luk prošlosti spustiti sve do nule, samo radeći ono što sada radimo.
So inertia versus momentum. There is jeopardy, and of course, the closer you get, it gets harder. We know the obstacles that are in our way right now, in difficult times. In fact, today in your capital, in difficult times, some who mind the nation's purse want to cut life-saving programs like the Global Fund. But you can do something about that. You can tell politicians that these cuts [can cost] lives.
Dakle, inercija protiv zamaha. Postoji rizik i naravno, što smo bliže cilju, to postaje teže. Znamo koje su prepreke na našem putu trenutno, u ovim teškim vremenima. Zapravo, danas u vašoj prestonici, u ovim teškim vremenima, neko ko brine o novčaniku naroda želi da prekine programe za spasavanje života poput Globalnog fonda. Ali vi možete da uradite nešto po tom pitanju. Možete da kažete političarima da to prekidanje može da znači živote.
Right now today, in Oslo as it happens, oil companies are fighting to keep secret their payments to governments for extracting oil in developing countries. You can do something about that too. You can join the One Campaign, and leaders like Mo Ibrahim, the telecom entrepreneur. We're pushing for laws that make sure that at least some of the wealth under the ground ends up in the hands of the people living above it.
Trenutno se u Oslu naftne kompanije bore kako bi sačuvale u tajnosti koliko plaćaju vladama za uzimanje nafte iz zemalja u razvoju. Možete da uradite nešto i po tom pitanju. Možete da se pridružite "One" kampanji i vođama poput Moa Ibrahima, preduzetnika u telekomunikacijama. Insistiramo na zakonima koji će osigurati da bar deo podzemnog bogatstva završi u rukama ljudi koji žive na toj zemlji.
And right now, we know that the biggest disease of all is not a disease. It's corruption. But there's a vaccine for that too. It's called transparency, open data sets, something the TED community is really on it. Daylight, you could call it, transparency. And technology is really turbocharging this. It's getting harder to hide if you're doing bad stuff.
A znamo da trenutno najveća bolest od svih i nije bolest nego korupcija. Ali i za to postoji vakcina. Zove se transparentnost, otvoreni skupovi podataka, nešto na čemu TED zajednica zaista radi. Svetlost dana, ako želite, transparentnost. A tehnologija ovo izuzetno unapređuje. Postaje sve teže sakriti ako radite loše stvari.
So let me tell you about the U-report, which I'm really excited about. It's 150,000 millennials all across Uganda, young people armed with 2G phones, an SMS social network exposing government corruption and demanding to know what's in the budget and how their money is being spent. This is exciting stuff.
Ispričaću vam o U-izveštaju, zbog kojeg sam vrlo uzbuđen. Ima oko 150.000 mladih ljudi širom Ugande naoružano 2G mobilnim telefonima, društvena SMS mreža koja razotkriva korupciju vlade i zahteva da zna šta se nalazi u budžetu i kako se njihov novac troši. Prilično uzbudljiva stvar.
Look, once you have these tools, you can't not use them. Once you have this knowledge, you can't un-know it. You can't delete this data from your brain, but you can delete the cliched image of supplicant, impoverished peoples not taking control of their own lives. You can erase that, you really can, because it's not true anymore. (Applause)
Vidite, jednom kada nabavite ovakve alatke, ne možete da ih ne koristite. Jednom kada to saznate, ne možete to zaboraviti. Ne možete izbrisati te podatke iz vašeg mozga, ali možete izbrisati otrcanu sliku siromašnih ljudi koji prose i ne preuzimaju kontrolu nad svojim životom. Možete je izbrisati, zaista možete jer ona više ne postoji. (Aplauz)
It's transformational. 2030? By 2030, robots, not just serving us Guinness, but drinking it. By the time we get there, every place with a rough semblance of governance might actually be on their way.
Ona se transformisala. 2030? Do 2030, roboti nam neće samo donositi pivo nego će ga i piti. Do trenutka kada stignemo do toga svako mesto sa nekakvom vrstom uprave moglo bi biti na putu ka tome.
So I'm here to -- I guess we're here to try and infect you with this virtuous, data-based virus, the one we call factivism. It's not going to kill you. In fact, it could save countless lives. I guess we in the One Campaign would love you to be contagious, spread it, share it, pass it on. By doing so, you will join us and countless others in what I truly believe is the greatest adventure ever taken, the ever-demanding journey of equality. Could we really be the great generation that Mandela asked us to be? Might we answer that clarion call with science, with reason, with facts, and, dare I say it, emotions? Because as is obvious, factivists have feelings too.
Dakle, ja sam ovde - pretpostavljam da smo mi ovde da pokušamo da vas zarazimo ovim dobrim virusom potkrepljenim činjenicama, a zovemo ga faktivizam. Neće vas ubiti. Zapravo, mogao bi da spasi nebrojeno mnogo života. Mi iz "One" kampanje voleli bismo da budete zarazni, da ga širite, šaljete dalje. Radeći to, pridružićete se nama i mnogim drugima u nečemu za šta zaista verujem da je najveća avantura u istoriji, u napornoj borbi za jednakost. Možemo li zaista biti ona velika generacija kakvu je Mandela tražio? Možemo li odgovoriti na taj glasan poziv naukom, razumom, činjenicama i ako smem da kažem, emocijama? Jer, kao što se vidi iz priloženog, i faktivisti imaju osećanja.
I'm thinking of Wael Ghonim, though. Some of you know him. He set up one of the Facebook groups behind the Tahrir Square in Cairo. He got thrown in jail for it, but I have his words tattooed on my brain.
Mislim na Vejela Gonima. Neki od vas ga znaju. Pokrenuo je jednu od grupa na Fejsbuku koje su stajale iza pobune na trgu Tahrir u Kairu. Završio je u zatvoru zbog toga, ali njegove reči urezane su mi u pamćenju.
"We are going to win because we don't understand politics. We are going to win because we don't play their dirty games. We are going to win because we don't have a party political agenda. We are going to win because the tears that come from our eyes actually come from our hearts. We are going to win because we have dreams, and we're willing to stand up for those dreams."
"Pobedićemo jer ne razumemo politiku. Pobedićemo jer ne igramo njihove prljave igre. Pobedićemo jer nemamo politički cilj iza svega ovoga. Pobedićemo jer suze u našim očima zaista dolaze iz naših srca. Pobedićemo jer imamo snove i spremni smo da se borimo za njih."
Wael is right. We're going to win if we work together as one, because the power of the people is so much stronger than the people in power.
Vejel je u pravu. Pobedićemo ako budemo radili zajedno kao jedan, jer je moć naroda mnogo jača od ljudi na vlasti.
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause) Thank you so much. (Applause)
(Aplauz) Hvala vam mnogo. (Aplauz)