First place I'd like to take you is what many believe will be the world's deepest natural abyss. And I say believe because this process is still ongoing. Right now there are major expeditions being planned for next year that I'll talk a little bit about.
Prvo vas želim odvesti do, što mnogi vjeruju, najdubljeg svjetskog ponora. I kažem vjeruju zato što ovaj proces još traje. Trenutno se planiraju velike ekspedicije za iduću godinu, o čemu ću nešto reći.
One of the things that's changed here, in the last 150 years since Jules Verne had great science-fiction concepts of what the underworld was like, is that technology has enabled us to go to these places that were previously completely unknown and speculated about. We can now descend thousands of meters into the Earth with relative impunity. Along the way we've discovered fantastic abysses and chambers so large that you can see for hundreds of meters without a break in the line of sight. When you go on a thing like this, we can usually be in the field for anywhere from two to four months, with a team as small as 20 or 30, to as big as 150.
Jedna od stvari koje su se promijenile, u posljednjih 150 godina otkako je Jules Verne zamislio kako izgleda podzemni svijet, je i to da nam je danas tehnologija omogućila da odemo na mjesta koja su do nedavno bila potpuno nepoznata i o kojima se nagađalo. Sada se možemo spustiti na tisuće metara u Zemlju s relativno malo truda. Usput smo otkrili fantastične ponore i komore tako velike da u njima pogled seže na stotine metara bez ikakvih prepreka. Kada odemo na ovakvu ekspediciju, na terenu znamo biti od dva do četiri mjeseca, u maloj grupi od 20-ak ili 30-ak osoba, pa do velikih grupa od 150.
And a lot of people ask me, you know, what kind of people do you get for a project like this? While our selection process is not as rigorous as NASA, it's nonetheless thorough. We're looking for competence, discipline, endurance, and strength. In case you're wondering, this is our strength test. (Laughter) But we also value esprit de corps and the ability to diplomatically resolve inter-personal conflict while under great stress in remote locations.
Znate, mnogi me pitaju, kakvi se osobe javljaju za ovakve projekte? Iako naš proces selekcije nije rigorozan kao u NASA-i, nije ništa manje temeljit. Tražimo sposobnost, disciplinu, izdržljivost i snagu. Ako se pitate, ovo je naš test snage. (smijeh) Ali također cijenimo duh zajedništva i sposobnost diplomatskog rješavanja osobnih sukoba pod velikim stresom u udaljenim lokacijama.
We have already gone far beyond the limits of human endurance. From the entrance, this is nothing like a commercial cave. You're looking at Camp Two in a place called J2, not K2, but J2. We're roughly two days from the entrance at that point. And it's kind of like a high altitude mountaineering trip in reverse, except that you're now running a string of these things down. The idea is to try to provide some measure of physical comfort while you're down there, otherwise in damp, moist, cold conditions in utterly dark places. I should mention that everything you're seeing here, by the way, is artificially illuminated at great effort. Otherwise it is completely dark in these places.
Već smo daleko nadišli granice ljudske izdržljivosti. Već od samog ulaza, ovo nimalo ne nalikuje na turističku spilju. Gledate u Logor 2 u mjestu koje se zove J2; ne K2, već J2. Tu smo na nekih dva dana od ulaza. To je poput obrnutog uspona na visoku planinu, osim što spuštate niz ovih stvari dolje. Ideja je donekle osigurati fizičku udobnost dok si tamo dolje, u inače vlažnim i hladnim uvjetima potpuno mračnih mjesta. Usput, moram napomenuti, da je sve što gledate umjetno osvjetljeno uz veliki trud i napor. Tu je inače potpuni mrak.
The deeper you go, the more you run into a conflict with water. It's basically like a tree collecting water coming down. And eventually you get to places where it is formidable and dangerous and unfortunately slides just don't do justice. So I've got a very brief clip here that was taken in the late 1980s. So descend into Huautla Plateau in Mexico. (Video) Now I have to tell you that the techniques being shown here are obsolete and dangerous. We would not do this today unless we were doing it for film. (Laughter)
Što se dublje spuštate to vam voda više smeta. To je poput grana koje skupljaju vodu koja curi dolje. I naposljetku dođete do mjesta koja su iznimno zahtjevna i opasna, nažalost, tu fotografije ne mogu dočarati stvarno stanje. Zato sam pripremio kratki video koji je snimljen kasnih 80-ih. Spust na visoravani Huautla u Meksiku. (video) Moram vam napomenuti da su tehnike koje ovdje vidite zastarjele i opasne. Danas ovo ne bi radili osim ako to ne bi bilo za potrebe filma. (smijeh)
Along that same line, I have to tell you that with the spate of Hollywood movies that came out last year, we have never seen monsters underground -- at least the kind that eat you. If there is a monster underground, it is the crushing psychological remoteness that begins to hit every member of the team once you cross about three days inbound from the nearest entrance.
Da nastavim misao, moram vam reći da s obzirom na holivudske filmove koji su izašli prošle godine, nikada nismo vidjeli čudovišta u podzemlju, barem ne ona koja bi vas pojela. Ako ispod postoji čudovište, onda je to ogroman psihološki pritisak zbog udaljenosti i izolacije koji spopadne svakog člana tima nakon nekih tri dana od najbližeg ulaza.
Next year I'll be leading an international team to J2. We're going to be shooting from minus 2,600 meters -- that's a little over 8,600 feet down -- at 30 kilometers from the entrance. The lead crews will be underground for pushing 30 days straight. I don't think there's been a mission like that in a long time.
Sljedeće godine vodit ću međunarodni tim u J2. Snimat ćemo na dubiti od 2.600 metara - što je nešto više od 8.600 stopa pod zemljom - na oko 30 kilometara od ulaza. Vodeće skupine će u podzemlju provesti 30 dana u komadu. Mislim da takve misije nije bilo već jako dugo.
Eventually, if you keep going down in these things, probability says that you're going to run into a place like this. It's a place where there's a fold in the geologic stratum that collects water and fills to the roof. And when you used to find these things, they would put a label on a map that said terminal siphon. Now I remember that term really well for two reasons. Number one, it's the name of my rock band, and second, is because the confrontation of these things forced me to become an inventor. And we've since gone on to develop many generations of gadgets for exploring places like this.
S vremenom, ako se nastavite spuštati u ovome, vjerojatno je da ćete naletiti na ovakvo mjesto. To je mjesto gdje je postoji nabor u geološkom stratumu u kojem se nakuplja voda i potpuno ispuni prostoriju. Nekada, kada bi naišli na ovakvo nešto, na kartu bi stavili oznaku na kojoj bi pisalo - krajnji sifon. Ja sam dobro zapamtio taj pojam iz dva razloga. Kao prvo, to je naziv mog rock benda (Terminal Siphon), a kao drugo, zato što me je susretanje s takvim pojavama prisililo da postanem izumitelj. Tako da smo u međuvremenu razvili nekoliko generacija naprava za istraživanje takvih mjesta.
This is some life-support equipment closed-cycle. And you can use that now to go for many kilometers horizontally underwater and to depths of 200 meters straight down underwater. When you do this kind of stuff it's like doing EVA. It's like doing extra-vehicular activity in space, but at much greater distances, and at much greater physical peril. So it makes you think about how to design your equipment for long range, away from a safe haven.
Ovo je oprema zatvorenog ciklusa za održavanje života - pomoću nje možete preći nekoliko kilometara vodoravno ispod vode i ići do 200 metara duboko. Kada radite ovakvo nešto, to je poput šetnje izvan letjelice u svemiru, samo na daleko većim udaljenostima i uz puno veću opasnost. Zato trebate dobro razmislite o konstrukciji svoje opreme koja vam treba služiti na velikim udaljenostima od sigurnog utočišta.
Here's a clip from a National Geographic movie that came out in 1999.
Ovo je isječak iz filma National Geographic-a objavljenog 1999.
(Video) Narrator: Exploration is a physical process of putting your foot in places where humans have never stepped before. This is where the last little nugget of totally unknown territory remains on this planet. To experience it is a privilege.
- "Istraživanje je fizički proces u kojem kročite na mjesta kojima čovjek nikada prije nije kročio. Ovdje su posljednji djelići potpuno nepoznatog teritorija na ovom planetu. Iskusiti takvo što je povlastica."
Bill Stone: That was taken in Wakulla Springs, Florida. Couple of things to note about that movie. Every piece of equipment that you saw in there did not exist before 1999. It was developed within a two-year period and used on actual exploratory projects. This gadget you see right here was called the digital wall mapper, and it produced the first three-dimensional map anybody has ever done of a cave, and it happened to be underwater in Wakulla Springs. It was that gadget that serendipitously opened a door to another unexplored world.
To je snimljeno u izvorištu rijeke Wakula na Floridi. Bitno je nešto napomenuti vezano za ovaj film: niti jedan komad opreme koji ste vidjeli na filmu nije postojao prije 1999. Razvijen je za dvije godine i korišten na stvarnim istraživačkim projektima. Naprava koju ovdje vidite zove se digitalni maper zidova - i stvorila je prvu, ikad napravljenu, trodimenzionalnu mapu spilje, a to je bilo ispod površine vode u izvorištu Wakule. Ta je naprava sretnom slučajnošću otvorila vrata u jedan drugi neistraženi svijet.
This is Europa. Carolyn Porco mentioned another one called Enceladus the other day. This is one of the places where planetary scientists believe there is a highest probability of the detection of the first life off earth in the ocean that exists below there. For those who have never seen this story, Jim Cameron produced a really wonderful IMAX movie couple of years ago, called "Aliens of the Deep." There was a brief clip --
Ovo je Europa. Carolyn Porco je neki dan spomenula drugi satelit imena Enceladus. Ovo je jedno od mjesta za koje planetarni znanstvenici vjeruju da tu postoji najveća vjerojatnost za otkrivanje izvanzemaljskog života - u oceanu koji se tamo nalazi ispod površine. Za one koji nisu nikad vidjeli ovu priču, Jim Cameron je napravio stvarno predivan IMAX film prije nekoliko godina, nazvao ga je "Tuđinci dubina". Evo kratkog isječka...
(Video) Narrator: A mission to explore under the ice of Europa would be the ultimate robotic challenge. Europa is so far away that even at the speed of light, it would take more than an hour for the command just to reach the vehicle. It has to be smart enough to avoid terrain hazards and to find a good landing site on the ice. Now we have to get through the ice. You need a melt probe. It's basically a nuclear-heated torpedo. The ice could be anywhere from three to 16 miles deep. Week after week, the melt probe will sink of its own weight through the ancient ice, until finally -- Now, what are you going to do when you reach the surface of that ocean? You need an AUV, an autonomous underwater vehicle. It needs to be one smart puppy, able to navigate and make decisions on its own in an alien ocean.
- "Istraživačka misija ispod ledenog pokrivača Europe bila bi ultimativni izazov za robotiku. Europa je toliko daleko da bi čak i pri brzini svjetlosti, poslanoj naredbi bilo potrebno više od jednog sata samo da dođe do vozila. Ono mora biti dovoljno pametno da izbjegne opasnosti terena i da pronađe odgovarajuće mjesto za slijetanje na ledu. Zatim moramo nekako proći kroz led. Za to nam treba sonda za taljenje. U osnovi je to nuklearno grijani torpedo. Led bi mogao biti debljine između pet i 25 kilometara. Tjedan za tjednom, sonda bi tonula plod vlastitom težinom kroz drevni led, dok konačno... A što napraviti kada dođete do površine tog oceana? Treba vam APV, autonomno podvodno vozilo. Ono treba biti pravi Baltazar, mora biti u stanju navigirati i samostalno donositi odluke u stranom oceanu."
BS: What Jim didn't know when he released that movie was that six months earlier NASA had funded a team I assembled to develop a prototype for the Europa AUV. I mean, I cut through three years of engineering meetings, design and system integration, and introduced DEPTHX -- Deep Phreatic Thermal Explorer. And as the movie says, this is one smart puppy. It's got 96 sensors, 36 onboard computers, 100,000 lines of behavioral autonomy code, packs more than 10 kilos of TNT in electrical onboard equivalent.
Ono što Jim nije znao kad je objavio taj film bilo je da je šest mjeseci ranije NASA financirala moj tim za razvoj prototipa za Europin APV. Mislim, preskočio sam 3 godine inženjerskih sastanaka, dizajna i sistemske integracije i predstavljam DEPTHX - Dubinski termički istraživač podzemnih voda. I kako kaže film, ovo je pravi mali Baltazar. Ima 96 senzora, 36 računala, 100.000 linija programskog koda za samostalno ponašanje, nosi više od 10 kilograma čipova u ugrađenoj elektroničkoj opremi.
This is the target site, the world's deepest hydrothermal spring at Cenote Zacaton in northern Mexico. It's been explored to a depth of 292 meters and beyond that nobody knows anything. This is part of DEPTHX's mission.
Ovo je ciljna lokacija, najdublji hidrotermalni izvor na svijetu: Cenote Zacatón u Sj. Meksiku. Istražen je do dubine od 292 metra, dublje od toga nitko ništa ne zna. Ovo je dio misije DEPTHX-a.
There are two primary targets we're doing here. One is, how do you do science autonomy underground? How do you take a robot and turn it into a field microbiologist? There are more stages involved here than I've got time to tell you about, but basically we drive through the space, we populate it with environmental variables -- sulphide, halide, things like that. We calculate gradient surfaces, and drive the bot over to a wall where there's a high probability of life. We move along the wall, in what's called proximity operations, looking for changes in color. If we see something that looks interesting, we pull it into a microscope. If it passes the microscopic test, we go for a collection. We either draw in a liquid sample, or we can actually take a solid core from the wall. No hands at the wheel. This is all behavioral autonomy here that's being conducted by the robot on its own.
Ovdje imamo dva primarna cilja. Prvi, kako vršiti autonomna znanstvena istraživanja u podzemlju? Kako robota pretvoriti u terenskog mikrobiologa? Ima ovdje više faza nego što imam vremena govoriti ali u osnovi se krećemo kroz prostor, punimo ga varijablama okoline - sulfid, halid, takve stvari. Izračunavamo nagibe površina i vozimo robota do zida s velikom vjerojatnošću za postojanje života. Krećemo se uza zid, u onome što zovemo blizinski način rada, tražeći promjene u boji. Ako vidimo nešto što izgleda zanimljivo, to uvučemo u mikroskop. Ako prođe test mikroskopom, idemo po uzorak. Ili uzmemo tekući uzorak ili možemo odlomiti komad zida. Bez ruku na volanu. Ovo je sve samostalno ponašanje kojeg robot sam odrađuje.
The real hat trick for this vehicle, though, is a disruptive new navigation system we've developed, known as 3D SLAM, for simultaneous localization and mapping. DEPTHX is an all-seeing eyeball. Its sensor beams look both forward and backward at the same time, allowing it to do new exploration while it's still achieving geometric sensor-lock on what it's gone through already.
Pravi zec iz šešira za ovo vozilo jest novi navigacijski sustav kojeg smo razvili, poznat kao 3D SLAM, skraćeno za "simultano lociranje i mapiranje". DEPTHX je oko koje vidi u svim smjerovima. Senzori gledaju i naprijed i nazad istovremeno, omogućavajući mu nova istraživanja dok radi geometrijsko pozicioniranje u prostoru koji je već prošao.
What I'm going to show you next is the first fully autonomous robotic exploration underground that's ever been done. This May, we're going to go from minus 1,000 meters in Zacaton, and if we're very lucky, DEPTHX will bring back the first robotically-discovered division of bacteria. The next step after that is to test it in Antartica and then, if the funding continues and NASA has the resolution to go, we could potentially launch by 2016, and by 2019 we may have the first evidence of life off this planet.
Slijedeće što ću vam pokazati jest prvo podzemno potpuno autonomno robotsko istraživanje koje je ikada napravljeno. Ovog svibnja, krenuti ćemo od minus 1.000 metara u Zacatónu, i ako budemo imali sreće, DEPTHX će donijeti prve robotski otkrivene uzorke bakterija. Korak nakon toga je testirati ga na Antarktici, a zatim ako se financiranje nastavi i ako NASA bude odlučna, mogli bismo ga lansirati do 2016. - a do 2019. mogli bismo imati prve dokaze o životu izvan ovog planeta.
What then of manned space exploration? The government recently announced plans to return to the moon by 2024. The successful conclusion of that mission will result in infrequent visitation of the moon by a small number of government scientists and pilots. It will leave us no further along in the general expansion of humanity into space than we were 50 years ago. Something fundamental has to change if we are to see common access to space in our lifetime.
A što je s istraživanjem svemira s ljudskim posadama? Vlada je nedavno najavila planove za povratak na Mjesec do 2024. Uspješan završetak te misije dovest će do ne baš čestih posjeta Mjesecu malog broja vladinih znanstvenika i pilota. Nećemo ostvariti ništa veći napredak u općem širenju čovječanstva u svemir u usporedbi s onim od prije 50 godina. Nešto se iz temelja mora promijeniti ukoliko želimo doživjeti opći pristup svemiru tijekom našeg životnog vijeka.
What I'm going to show you next are a couple of controversial ideas. And I hope you'll bear with me and have some faith that there's credibility behind what we're going to say here. There are three underpinnings of working in space privately. One of them is the requirement for economical earth-to-space transport. The Bert Rutans and Richard Bransons of this world have got this in their sights and I salute them. Go, go, go.
Sada ću vam pokazati par kontroverznih ideja. I nadam se da ćete me saslušati i povjerovati da postoje znanstveni temelji za ovo što ću izreći. Postoje tri poteškoće za privatno poduzetništvo u svemiru. Jedna od njih je potreba za ekonomičnim prijevozom sa Zemlje u svemir. Bert Rutani i Richardi Bransoni ovog svijeta uzeli su si to u zadatak i ovom prilikom ih pozdravljam. Idemo, idemo, idemo!
The next thing we need are places to stay on orbit. Orbital hotels to start with, but workshops for the rest of us later on. The final missing piece, the real paradigm-buster, is this: a gas station on orbit. It's not going to look like that. If it existed, it would change all future spacecraft design and space mission planning.
Druga stvar koju trebamo su naselja u orbiti. Orbitalni hoteli za početak, a kasnije i radionice za nas ostale. Posljednja karika koja nedostaje, razbijač paradigme, je ovo: benzinska crpka u orbiti. Neće baš ovako izgledati. To bi promijenilo sve buduće dizajne svemirskih letjelica i planiranje misija.
Now, to give you a chance to understand why there is power in that statement, I've got to give you the basics of Space 101. And the first thing is everything you do in space you pay by the kilogram. Anybody drink one of these here this week? You'd pay 10,000 dollars for that in orbit. That's more than you pay for TED, if Google dropped their sponsorship. (Laughter) The second is more than 90 percent of the weight of a vehicle is in propellant. Thus, every time you'd want to do anything in space, you are literally blowing away enormous sums of money every time you hit the accelerator. Not even the guys at Tesla can fight that physics.
Kako biste shvatili zašto je ovo moćna izjava, trebam vam objasniti osnove svemirskog leta. Prva stvar je da sve što radite u svemiru plaćate po kilogramu. Je li netko popio jednu od ovih ovaj tjedan? Za to biste platili 10.000 dolara u orbiti. To je više nego što biste platili za TED, kada bi Google ukinuo sponzorstvo. (smijeh) Druga stvar je da više od 90% mase vozila čini gorivo. Stoga, svaki puta kada želite nešto napraviti u svemiru, doslovno izgarate ogromne količine novca, svaki put kada pritisnete na gas. Čak ni momci iz Tesle ne mogu protiv te fizike.
So, what if you could get your gas at a 10th the price? There is a place where you can. In fact, you can get it better -- you can get it at 14 times lower if you can find propellant on the moon. There is a little-known mission that was launched by the Pentagon, 13 years ago now, called Clementine. And the most amazing thing that came out of that mission was a strong hydrogen signature at Shackleton crater on the south pole of the moon. That signal was so strong, it could only have been produced by 10 trillion tons of water buried in the sediment, collected over millions and billions of years by the impact of asteroids and comet material.
A što ako biste mogli dobiti gorivo za desetinu cijene? Postoji mjesto gdje to možete. Zapravo, bilo bi i bolje - dobili biste ga za 14 puta nižu cijenu ukoliko biste pronašli gorivo na Mjesecu. Prije 13 godina Pentagon je lansirao malo poznatu misiju naziva "Clementine". I najnevjerojatniji ishod te misije bila je izrazita detekcija vodika u krateru Shackleton na južnom polu Mjeseca. Signal je bio toliko jak, da ga je moglo proizvesti samo 10 trilijuna tona vode zakopane u sediment, nakupljane milijunima i milijardama godina udarima asteroida i kometa.
If we're going to get that, and make that gas station possible, we have to figure out ways to move large volumes of payload through space. We can't do that right now. The way you normally build a system right now is you have a tube stack that has to be launched from the ground, and resist all kinds of aerodynamic forces. We have to beat that. We can do it because in space there are no aerodynamics. We can go and use inflatable systems for almost everything. This is an idea that, again, came out of Livermore back in 1989, with Dr. Lowell Wood's group. And we can extend that now to just about everything. Bob Bigelow currently has a test article in the orbit. We can go much further. We can build space tugs, orbiting platforms for holding cryogens and water. There's another thing. When you're coming back from the moon, you have to deal with orbital mechanics. It says you're moving 10,000 feet per second faster than you really want to be to get back to your gas station.
Ako se želimo poslužiti time i tu benzinsku crpku učiniti mogućom, moramo smisliti način za prijevoz velikih količina tereta kroz svemir. Trenutno to ne možemo. Danas, normalan način izgradnje sustava za svemirski let je cilindar koji se mora lansirati s tla i mora se oduprijeti svakakvim aerodinamičkim silama. Mi moramo bolje. To možemo zato što u svemiru nema aerodinamike. Možemo koristiti sustave na napuhavanje za gotovo sve. Ovo je ideja, koja je, opet, izašla iz Livermora još 1989. od grupe dr. Lowella Wooda. Danas to možemo proširiti na gotovo sve. Bob Bigelow trenutno ima testni uzorak u orbiti. Mi možemo dalje. Možemo graditi svemirske tegljače, orbitirajuće platforme za kriogene i vodu. Ima još jedna stvar. Kad se vraćate s Mjeseca, morate riješiti orbitalnu mehaniku. Ona kaže da se krećete 3.000 metara u sekundi brže nego što stvarno želite za vraćanje na svoju svemirsku benzinsku crpku.
You got two choices. You can burn rocket fuel to get there, or you can do something really incredible. You can dive into the stratosphere, and precisely dissipate that velocity, and come back out to the space station. It has never been done. It's risky and it's going to be one hell of a ride -- better than Disney. The traditional approach to space exploration has been that you carry all the fuel you need to get everybody back in case of an emergency. If you try to do that for the moon, you're going to burn a billion dollars in fuel alone sending a crew out there. But if you send a mining team there, without the return propellant, first -- (Laughter) Did any of you guys hear the story of Cortez? This is not like that. I'm much more like Scotty. I like this equipment, you know, and I really value it so we're not going to burn the gear. But, if you were truly bold you could get it there, manufacture it, and it would be the most dramatic demonstration that you could do something worthwhile off this planet that has ever been done. There's a myth that you can't do anything in space for less than a trillion dollars and 20 years. That's not true. In seven years, we could pull off an industrial mission to Shackleton and demonstrate that you could provide commercial reality out of this in low-earth orbit.
Imate dva izbora. Možete trošiti gorivo za kočenje ili možete učiniti nešto stvarno nevjerovatno. Možete zaroniti u stratosferu i precizno smanjiti tu brzinu te izaći s druge strane na crpku. To nikad nije učinjeno. Riskantno je i bit će to stvarno luda vožnja - bolja nego u Disneyu. Tradicionalni pristup svemirskom istraživanju bio je da sa sobom nosite sve gorivo potrebno da se svi vratite u slučaju nužde. Ako to pokušate za Mjesec, spalit ćete milijardu dolara u gorivu samo za slanje posade. Ali ako prvo pošaljete rudarski tim, bez goriva za povratak... (smijeh) Jel netko od vas čuo priču o Cortezu? Ovo nije poput toga. Ja sam više kao Scotty. Znate, stvarno volim ovu opremu i zaista ju cijenim zato je nećemo spaliti. Ali ako biste bili stvarno hrabri mogli bi je dostaviti tamo, pokrenuti proizvodnju, i to bi bila najdramatičnija demonstracija da stvarno možete napraviti nešto korisno izvan ovog planeta, što nitko nije učinio prije vas. Postoji mit da se u svemiru ne može ništa napraviti za manje od trilijun dolara i 20 godina. To nije istina. Za sedam godina, mogli bi ostvariti industrijsku misiju na Shackletonu i pokazati da se od ovoga može stvoriti komercijalna stvarnost u niskoj orbiti oko Zemlje.
We're living in one of the most exciting times in history. We're at a magical confluence where private wealth and imagination are driving the demand for access to space. The orbital refueling stations I've just described could create an entirely new industry and provide the final key for opening space to the general exploration. To bust the paradigm a radically different approach is needed. We can do it by jump-starting with an industrial Lewis and Clark expedition to Shackleton crater, to mine the moon for resources, and demonstrate they can form the basis for a profitable business on orbit.
Živimo u najuzbudljivijim vremenima u povijesti. Nalazimo se na čarobnom ušću privatnog bogatstva u maštu, što dovodi do potražnje za pristupom svemiru. Orbitalna crpka koju sam opisao mogla bi stvoriti potpuno novu industriju i pružiti zadnju kariku za otvaranje svemira za opće istraživanje. Kako bismo razbili paradigmu potreban je radikalno drugačiji pristup. To možemo učiniti pomoću skoka naprijed sa industrijskom Lewis i Clark ekspedicijom u krater Shackleton, radi eksploatacije resursa na Mjesecu za resurse i pokazali da to može biti osnova za profitabilne poslove u orbiti.
Talk about space always seems to be hung on ambiguities of purpose and timing. I would like to close here by putting a stake in the sand at TED. I intend to lead that expedition. (Applause) It can be done in seven years with the right backing. Those who join me in making it happen will become a part of history and join other bold individuals from time past who, had they been here today, would have heartily approved.
Govor o svemiru se uvijek vrti oko nejasnoća svrhe i pravog trenutka. Završio bi zabijanjem kolca u pijesak ovdje na TED-u. Ja namjeravam voditi tu ekspediciju. (pljesak) Sa odgovarajućom podrškom to se može učiniti za sedam godina. Oni koji mi se pridruže u ovom pothvatu postat će dio povijesti i tako se pridružiti drugim smjelim pojedincima iz prošlosti koji bi, da su ovdje danas, hrabro odobravali.
There was once a time when people did bold things to open the frontier. We have collectively forgotten that lesson. Now we're at a time when boldness is required to move forward. 100 years after Sir Ernest Shackleton wrote these words, I intend to plant an industrial flag on the moon and complete the final piece that will open the space frontier, in our time, for all of us. Thank you. (Applause)
Nekada su ljudi činili odvažne stvari kako bi pomakli granice. Mi smo kolektivno zaboravili tu lekciju. Nalazimo se u trenutku kada je potrebna odvažnost kako bi se pomakli naprijed. 100 godina nakon što je Sir Ernest Shackleton napisao ove riječi, ja namjeravam zabiti industrijsku zastavu na Mjesec i stvoriti posljednju kariku u lancu koja bi otvorila svemirska prostranstva, u našem vremenu, za sve nas. Hvala. (pljesak)