I want to start with a game. Okay? And to win this game, all you have to do is see the reality that's in front of you as it really is, all right? So we have two panels here, of colored dots. And one of those dots is the same in the two panels. And you have to tell me which one.
Želim da počnem igrom. A da biste pobedili u ovoj igri, sve što treba da uradite je da vidite šta je stvarno ispred vas onako kako stvarno jeste. U redu? Dakle, ovde imamo dve table, sa obojenim tačkama. I jedna od tih tačaka je iste boje na obe table. Ok? I vi treba da mi kažete koja je.
Now, I narrowed it down to the gray one, the green one, and, say, the orange one. So by a show of hands, we'll start with the easiest one. Show of hands: how many people think it's the gray one? Really? Okay. How many people think it's the green one? And how many people think it's the orange one? Pretty even split.
Sad, suziću vam izbor na sivu, zelenu, i recimo narandžastu. Dakle, podizanjem ruke -- počećemo sa najlakšom -- Podignite ruke : koliko vas misli da je siva? Stvarno? Ok. Koliko vas misli da je zelena? A koliko vas misli da je narandžasta? Prilično izjednačeno.
Let's find out what the reality is. Here is the orange one.
Hajde da otkrijemo šta je realnost. Evo je narandžasta.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Here is the green one. And here is the gray one.
Evo je zelena. I evo je siva.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
So for all of you who saw that, you're complete realists. All right?
Dakle, svako ko je video ovo, vi ste kompletno realni. U redu? (Smeh)
(Laughter)
So this is pretty amazing, isn't it? Because nearly every living system has evolved the ability to detect light in one way or another. So for us, seeing color is one of the simplest things the brain does. And yet, even at this most fundamental level, context is everything. What I'm going to talk about is not that context is everything, but why context is everything. Because it's answering that question that tells us not only why we see what we do, but who we are as individuals, and who we are as a society.
Prilično neverovatno, zapravo, zar ne? Zato što je skoro svaki živi organizam razvio sposobnost da detektuje svetlost na jedan ili drugi način. Dakle, za nas, viđenje boje je jedna od najprostijih stvari koje mozak radi. A ipak, čak i na ovom najjednostavnijem nivou, kontekst je sve. Ono o čemu želim da pričam nije to da je kontekst sve, nego zašto je kontekst sve. Zato što nam odgovor na ovo pitanje govori ne samo zašto vidimo to što vidimo, već ko smo mi kao individue, i ko smo mi kao društvo.
But first, we have to ask another question, which is, "What is color for?" And instead of telling you, I'll just show you. What you see here is a jungle scene, and you see the surfaces according to the amount of light that those surfaces reflect. Now, can any of you see the predator that's about to jump out at you? And if you haven't seen it yet, you're dead, right?
Ali prvo, moramo da postavimo još jedno pitanje, a to je, "Za šta služi boja?" I umesto da vam kažem, samo ću vam pokazati. Ovde vidite jednu džunglu. Vidite površine u odnosu na količinu svetlosti koju te površine reflektuju. Sada, da li iko od vas vidi grabljivicu koja će upravo skočiti na vas? Ako je do sada niste videli, mrtvi ste. U redu?
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Can anyone see it? Anyone? No? Now let's see the surfaces according to the quality of light that they reflect. And now you see it.
Da li može neko da je vidi? Bilo ko? Ne? Sada, hajde da vidimo površine u odnosu na kvalitet svetlosti koju reflektuju. I sada je vidite.
So, color enables us to see the similarities and differences between surfaces, according to the full spectrum of light that they reflect. But what you've just done is in many respects mathematically impossible. Why? Because, as Berkeley tells us, we have no direct access to our physical world, other than through our senses. And the light that falls onto our eyes is determined by multiple things in the world, not only the color of objects, but also the color of their illumination, and the color of the space between us and those objects. You vary any one of those parameters, and you'll change the color of the light that falls onto your eye.
Dakle, boje nam omogućuju da vidimo sličnosti i razlike između površina, na osnovu celog spektra svetlosti koju reflektuju. Ali ono što ste upravo uradili je, u svakom pogledu, matematički nemoguće. Zašto? Zato što, kako nam Barkli kaže, mi nemamo direktni pristup našem fizičkom svetu, osim preko načih čula. A ta svetlost koja pada na naše oči je određena mnogim stvarima u svetu -- ne samo bojom objekata, već i bojom njihovog osvetljenja, i bojom prostora između nas i tih objekata. Promenite bilo koji od tih parametara, i promenićete boju svetlosti koja pada na vaše oči.
This is a huge problem, because it means that the same image could have an infinite number of possible real-world sources. Let me show you what I mean. Imagine that this is the back of your eye, okay? And these are two projections from the world. They're identical in every single way. Identical in shape, size, spectral content. They are the same, as far as your eye is concerned. And yet they come from completely different sources. The one on the right comes from a yellow surface, in shadow, oriented facing the left, viewed through a pinkish medium. The one on the left comes from an orange surface, under direct light, facing to the right, viewed through sort of a bluish medium. Completely different meanings, giving rise to the exact same retinal information. And yet it's only the retinal information that we get.
Ovo je ogroman problem zato što znači da ista slika može imati beskonačan broj mogućih izvora u realnom svetu. Dozvolite da vam pokažem na šta mislim. Zamislite da je ovo zadnja strana vašeg oka. I ovo su dve projekcije iz sveta. One su identične u svakom pogledu. Identične po obliku, veličini, sadržaju spektra. One su iste što se vašeg oka tiče. A ipak dolaze od skroz različitih izvora. Ova na desnoj strani dolazi sa žute površine, u senci, okrenute na levu stranu, viđena kroz rozikastu sredinu. A ova na levoj strani dolazi sa narandžaste površine, pod direktnim svetlom, sa desne strane, viđene kroz nekakvu plavičastu sredinu. Kompletno različita značenja, izazivaju potpuno istu retinalnu informaciju. A ipak retinalna informacija je sve što dobijamo.
So how on Earth do we even see? So if you remember anything in this next 18 minutes, remember this: that the light that falls onto your eye, sensory information, is meaningless, because it could mean literally anything. And what's true for sensory information is true for information generally. There's no inherent meaning in information. It's what we do with that information that matters.
Dakle, kako mi uopšte i vidimo? Ako zapamtite bilo šta u sledećih 18 minuta, zapamtite ovo: da je svetlost koja pada na vaše oči, senzorna informacija, beznačajna. Zato što može da znači doslovno bilo šta. I šta važi za senzornu informaciju, važi za informacije generalno. Ne postoji nerazdvojivo značenje u informaciji. Ono što mi uradimo sa tom informacijom je ustvari bitno.
So, how do we see? Well, we see by learning to see. The brain evolved the mechanisms for finding patterns, finding relationships in information, and associating those relationships with a behavioral meaning, a significance, by interacting with the world. We're very aware of this in the form of more cognitive attributes, like language. I'm going to give you some letter strings, and I want you to read them out for me, if you can.
Dakle, kako mi vidimo? Pa, mi vidimo tako što učimo da vidimo. Mozak je razvio mehanizme za nalaženje šema, nalaženje veza u informaciji, i povezivanje tih veza sa bihejvioralnim značenjem, značaj, interakcijom sa svetom. Veoma smo svesni ovog u formi više kognitivnih atributa, kao što je jezik. Dakle, daću vam nizove slova. I sve što hoću je da mi ih pročitate, ako možete.
Audience: "Can you read this?" "You are not reading this." "What are you reading?"
Publika : 'Možete li da pročitate ovo ?' 'Ne čitate ovo.' 'Šta čitate?'
Beau Lotto: "What are you reading?" Half the letters are missing, right? There's no a priori reason why an "H" has to go between that "W" and "A." But you put one there. Why? Because in the statistics of your past experience, it would have been useful to do so. So you do so again. And yet you don't put a letter after that first "T." Why? Because it wouldn't have been useful in the past. So you don't do it again.
Beu Loto : 'Šta čitate?' Pola slova nedostaje. Tačno? Ne postoji prioritetni razlog zašto 'H' mora da bude između 'W' i 'A' . (why = zašto) Ali ste ga stavili tu. Zašto? Zato što u statistici iz prošlog iskustva, bilo bi korisno tako uraditi. Tako da to opet radite. I ipak ne stavljate slovo posle tog prvog 'T'. Zašto? Zato što vam to nije bilo korisno u prošlosti. I zato to ne radite opet.
So, let me show you how quickly our brains can redefine normality, even at the simplest thing the brain does, which is color. So if I could have the lights down up here. I want you to first notice that those two desert scenes are physically the same. One is simply the flipping of the other. Now I want you to look at that dot between the green and the red. And I want you to stare at that dot. Don't look anywhere else. We're going to look at it for about 30 seconds, which is a bit of a killer in an 18-minute talk.
Pokazaću vam kako brzo naši mozgovi mogu da redefinišu normalno, čak i kod najprostije stvari koje mozak radi, a to je boja. Tako, molim vas ugasite svetla ovde gore. Želim da prvo primetite da su ove dve slike pustinje fizički iste. Jedna je samo obrnuta. Ok? Sada hoću da gledate u tačku između zelene i crvene. Ok? I želim da gledate u tačku. Ne gledajte nigde više. I gledaćemo je jedno 30 sekundi, što je mnogo za govor od 18 minuta.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
But I really want you to learn. And I'll tell you -- don't look anywhere else -- I'll tell you what's happening in your head. Your brain is learning, and it's learning that the right side of its visual field is under red illumination; the left side of its visual field is under green illumination. That's what it's learning. Okay? Now, when I tell you, I want you to look at the dot between the two desert scenes. So why don't you do that now?
Ali stvarno želim da naučite. I rećiću vam -- ne gledajte nigde drugde -- reći ću vam šta se dešava u vašoj glavi. Vaš mozak uči. I uči da je desna strana vizuelnog polja pod crvenim osvetljenjem; leva strana vizuelnog polja je pod zelenim osvetljenjem. To je ono što uči. Ok? Sada, kada vam kažem, hoću da pogledate u tačku između 2 slike pustinje. Pa zašto sada to ne učinite?
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Can I have the lights up again?
Mogu da opet dobijem svetla?
I take it from your response they don't look the same anymore, right?
Iz vaše reakcije vidim da više ne izgledaju isto. Tačno?
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Why? Because your brain is seeing that same information as if the right one is still under red light, and the left one is still under green light. That's your new normal. Okay? So, what does this mean for context? It means I can take two identical squares, put them in light and dark surrounds, and the one on the dark surround looks lighter than on the light surround. What's significant is not simply the light and dark surrounds that matter. It's what those light and dark surrounds meant for your behavior in the past.
Zašto? Zato što vaš mozak vidi istu informaciju kao da je desna još pod crvenim svetlom, a leva još pod zelenim. To je vaše novo normalno. Pa, šta to znači za kontekst? To znači da mogu da uzmem ova 2 identična kvadrata i da ih stavim u svetlo i tamno okruženje. I sada onaj u tamnom okruženju izgleda svetlije od onog u svetlom okruženju. Nije bitno samo svetlo i tamno okruženje. Već šta ta svetla i tamna okruženja znače vašem ponašanju u prošlosti.
So I'll show you what I mean. Here we have that exact same illusion. We have two identical tiles on the left, one in a dark surround, one in a light surround. And the same thing over on the right. Now, I'll reveal those two scenes, but I'm not going to change anything within those boxes, except their meaning. And see what happens to your perception.
Pokazaću vam na šta mislim.Ovde imamo tu istu iluziju. Ovde imamo 2 identične ploče, levo, jedna u tamnom okruženju, jedna u svetlom. I ista stvar ovamo desno. Sada, sada ću da pogledam ove 2 scene. Ali neću da menjam ništa u ovim kutijama, osim njihovog značenja. I pogledajte šta se dešava vašoj percepciji.
Notice that on the left the two tiles look nearly completely opposite: one very white and one very dark, right? Whereas on the right, the two tiles look nearly the same. And yet there is still one on a dark surround, and one on a light surround. Why? Because if the tile in that shadow were in fact in shadow, and reflecting the same amount of light to your eye as the one outside the shadow, it would have to be more reflective -- just the laws of physics. So you see it that way.
Primetite da levo dve ploče izgledaju gotovo suprotne: jedna je veoma svetla, a druga tamna. Tako? Dok, desno, 2 ploče izgledaju skoro iste. A ipak i dalje je jedna u tamnom okruženju a druga u svetlom. Zašto? Jer da je ploča u toj senci zapravo u senci, i reflektuje istu količinu svetlosti vašem oku kao i ona van senke, morala bi imati veću refleksiju -- to su samo zakoni fizike. I vi to tako vidite.
Whereas on the right, the information is consistent with those two tiles being under the same light. If they're under the same light reflecting the same amount of light to your eye, then they must be equally reflective. So you see it that way. Which means we can bring all this information together to create some incredibly strong illusions.
Dok je desno informacija je u skladu sa tim dvema pločama koje su pod istim svetlom. I ako su pod istim svetlom, reflektujući istu količinu svetlosti vašem oku, onda mora da imaju istu refleksiju. I vi to vidite tako. Što znači da možemo da spojimo sve ove informacije da stvorimo neverovatno snažne iluzije.
This is one I made a few years ago. And you'll notice you see a dark brown tile at the top, and a bright orange tile at the side. That is your perceptual reality. The physical reality is that those two tiles are the same.
Ovo je jedna koju sam napravio pre nekoliko godina. Primetićete da postoji tamno braon ploča na vrhu, i svetlo narandžasta ploča sa strane. Ovo je vaša perceptivna realnost. Fizička realnost je da su te dve ploče iste.
Here you see four gray tiles on your left, seven gray tiles on the right. I'm not going to change those tiles at all, but I'm going to reveal the rest of the scene. And see what happens to your perception. The four blue tiles on the left are gray. The seven yellow tiles on the right are also gray. They are the same. Okay? Don't believe me? Let's watch it again.
Ovde vidite 4 sive ploče da vašoj levoj strani, 7 sivih na desnoj. Neću uopšte da menjam te ploče. Nego ću da otkrijem ostatak scene. I vidite šta se događa vašoj percepciji. 4 plave ploče levo su sive. 7 žutih ploča desno su takođe sive. Iste su.Ok? Ne verujete mi? Pogledajmo opet.
What's true for color is also true for complex perceptions of motion. So, here we have -- let's turn this around -- a diamond. And what I'm going to do is, I'm going to hold it here, and I'm going to spin it. And for all of you, you'll see it probably spinning this direction. Now I want you to keep looking at it. Move your eyes around, blink, maybe close one eye. And suddenly it will flip, and start spinning the opposite direction. Yes? Raise your hand if you got that. Yes? Keep blinking. Every time you blink, it will switch. So I can ask you, which direction is it rotating? How do you know? Your brain doesn't know, because both are equally likely. So depending on where it looks, it flips between the two possibilities.
Ono što je tačno za boju takođe je tačno za kompleksne percepcije pokreta. Pa ovde imamo-- okrenimo ovo -- dijamant. Ono što ću da uradim je, držaću ovo ovde, i zavrteću ga. I svi vi, verovatno ćete videti da se vrti u ovom pravcu. Sada hoću da nastavite da ga gledate. Pomerajte oči, trepnite, možda i zatvorite jedno oko. I odjednom će se okrenuti i početi da se okreće u suprotnom smeru. Da? Podignite ruku ako vidite. Da? Nastavite da trepćete. Svaki put kada trepnete promeniće se. Tačno? I mogu da vas pitam, u kom smeru se obrće? Kako znate? Vaš mozak ne zna. Jer su oba jednako verovatna. Zavisno od toga gde gleda, obrće se između 2 mogućnosti.
Are we the only ones that see illusions? The answer to this question is no. Even the beautiful bumblebee, with its mere one million brain cells, which is 250 times fewer cells than you have in one retina, sees illusions, does the most complicated things that even our most sophisticated computers can't do. So in my lab we work on bumblebees, because we can completely control their experience, and see how it alters the architecture of their brain. We do this in what we call the Bee Matrix.
Da smo mi jedini koji vidimo te iluzije? Odgovor je ne. Čak i prelepi bumbar, sa samo milion moždanih ćelija, što je 250 puta manje ćelija od onoliko koliko imate u jednoj mrežnjači, vidi iluzije, radi najkomplikovanije stvari koje ni naši najprecizniji kompjuteri ne mogu da urade. U mojoj laboratoriji, naravno, radimo sa bumbarima. Jer kompletno možemo da kontrolišemo njihovo iskustvo, i da vidimo kako to menja arhitekturu njihovog mozga. I to radimo u onome što zovemo Bumbarski Matriks.
Here you have the hive. You can see the queen bee, the large bee in the middle. Those are her daughters, the eggs. They go back and forth between this hive and the arena, via this tube. You'll see one of the bees come out here. You see how she has a little number on her? There's another one coming out, she also has a number on her. Now, they're not born that way, right? We pull them out, put them in the fridge, and they fall asleep. Then you can superglue little numbers on them.
I ovde imate košnicu. Vdite maticu ovde, ovu veliku pčelu u sredini. Ovo su sve njene ćerke, jajašca. I idu napred i nazad između košnice i arene, preko ove cevi. I videćete da jedna od pčela tu izlazi. Vidite da na njoj ima mali broj? Da, evo još jedna koja izlazi. Ona ima drugi broj. Sada, one nisu rođene tako. Je l' tako? Mi ih izvadimo, stavimo u frižider i one se uspavaju. I onda zalepimo na njih male brojeve.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
And now, in this experiment they get a reward if they go to the blue flowers. They land on the flower, stick their tongue in there, called a proboscis, and drink sugar water. She's drinking a glass of water that's about that big to you and I, will do that about three times, then fly. And sometimes they learn not to go to the blue, but to go where the other bees go. So they copy each other. They can count to five. They can recognize faces. And here she comes down the ladder. And she'll come into the hive, find an empty honey pot, and throw up, and that's honey.
I sad u ovom eksperimentu su nagrađene ako idu do plavog cveta. I spuste se na cvet. I gurnu tu svoj jezik, zvani rilica, i piju slatku vodu. Sada ona pije čašu vode koja je ovolika vama i meni, i uradiće to jedno 3 puta i odleteti. I nekad nauče da ne idu na plavi, nego da idu gde ostale pčele idu. Tako da kopiraju jedni druge. Mogu da broje do 5. Mogu da prepoznaju lica. I evo ovde se spušta niz merdevine. I ući će u košnicu, naći praznu činiju, povratiti, i to je med.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Now remember, she's supposed to be going to the blue flowers, but what are these bees doing in the upper right corner? It looks like they're going to green flowers. Now, are they getting it wrong? And the answer to the question is no. Those are actually blue flowers. But those are blue flowers under green light. So they're using the relationships between the colors to solve the puzzle, which is exactly what we do.
Sada upamtite -- (Smeh) -- ona je trebalo da ide do plavog cveća. Ali šta ove pčele rade u gornjem desnom uglu? Izgleda da sve idu na zelene cvetove. Sada, da li greše? Odgovor je ne. To su ustvari plavi cvetovi. Ali to su plavi cvetovi pod zelenom svetlošću. Tako da one koriste veze između boja da reše zagonetku. Što je baš ono što mi radimo.
So, illusions are often used, especially in art, in the words of a more contemporary artist, "to demonstrate the fragility of our senses." Okay, this is complete rubbish. The senses aren't fragile. And if they were, we wouldn't be here. Instead, color tells us something completely different, that the brain didn't actually evolve to see the world the way it is. We can't. Instead, the brain evolved to see the world the way it was useful to see in the past. And how we see is by continually redefining normality.
Dakle, iluzije se često koriste, posebno u umetnosti, rečima savremenog umetnika, 'da se pokaže osetljivost naših čula.' Ok, ovo je potpuna glupost. Čula nisu krhka. I da jesu, mi ne bismo bili ovde. Umesto toga, boja nam govori nešto skroz drugačije, da naš mozak nije evoluirao da vidi svet onakav kakav je. Ne možemo. Umesto toga, mozak je evoluirao da vidi svet onako kako je bilo korisno u prošlosti. I kako mi vidimo je preko stalnog redefinisanja normalnosti.
So, how can we take this incredible capacity of plasticity of the brain and get people to experience their world differently? Well, one of the ways we do it in my lab and studio is we translate the light into sound, and we enable people to hear their visual world. And they can navigate the world using their ears.
I kako možemo da uzmemo ovaj neverovatan kapacitet plastičnosti mozga i da nateramo ljude da iskuse svoj svet drugačije? Pa, jedan od načina koji koristimo u mojoj laboratoriji i studiju je da prevodimo svetlost u zvuk i da osposobimo ljude da čuju svoj vizuelni svet. I mogu da upravljaju svetom koristeći svoje uši.
Here's David on the right, and he's holding a camera. On the left is what his camera sees. And you'll see there's a faint line going across that image. That line is broken up into 32 squares. In each square, we calculate the average color. And then we just simply translate that into sound. And now he's going to turn around, close his eyes, and find a plate on the ground with his eyes closed.
Ovo je Dejvid, s desna. I on drži kameru. Levo je šta njegova kamera vidi. I videćete da je tu linija, tanka linija koje ide preko slike. Ta linija je razlomljena u 32 kvadrata. U svakom kvadratu računamo prosek boje. I jednostvano to prevodimo u zvuk. I sada će da se okrene, zatvori svoje oči, i da nađe tanjir na zemlji, sa zatvorenim očima.
(Continuous sound)
(Sound changes momentarily)
(Sound changes momentarily)
(Sound changes momentarily)
(Sound changes momentarily)
(Sound changes momentarily)
Beau Lotto: He finds it. Amazing, right? So not only can we create a prosthetic for the visually impaired, but we can also investigate how people literally make sense of the world. But we can also do something else. We can also make music with color. So, working with kids, they created images, thinking about what might the images you see sound like if we could listen to them. And then we translated these images. And this is one of those images. And this is a six-year-old child composing a piece of music for a 32-piece orchestra. And this is what it sounds like.
Nalazi ga. Neverovatno. Zar ne? Ne samo da možemo da napravimo prostetiku za one sa lošim vidom, nego možemo i da istražimo kako ljudi bukvalno nalaze smisao sveta. Ali možemo još nešto da uradimo. Takođe možemo da pravimo muziku sa bojom. Dakle, radeći sa decom, oni su stvarali slike, misleći o tome kako bi zvučale slike koje vidite ako bismo mogli da ih čujemo. I onda smo preveli te slike. I ovo je jedna od tih slika. Ovo šestogodišnje dete komponuje delo za orkestar od 32 člana. I ovako to zvuči.
(Electronic representation of orchestral music)
So, a six-year-old child. Okay?
Šestogodišnje dete. Ok?
Now, what does all this mean? What this suggests is that no one is an outside observer of nature, okay? We're not defined by our central properties, by the bits that make us up. We're defined by our environment and our interaction with that environment, by our ecology. And that ecology is necessarily relative, historical and empirical. So, what I'd like to finish with is this over here. Because what I've been trying to do is really celebrate uncertainty. Because I think only through uncertainty is there potential for understanding.
Sada, šta sve ovo znači? Znači da niko nije spoljašnji posmatrač prirode. Ok? Nismo definisani našim centralnim osobinama, našim delićima koji nas čine. Definisani smo našom okolinom i našom interakcijom sa okolinom-- preko naše ekologije. I ta ekologija je veoma relativna, istorijska i empirijska. Pa bih hteo da završim sa ovim. Jer ono što sam hteo da uradim je da slavim nesigurnost. Jer mislim da jedino kroz nesigurnost postoji potencijal za razumevanje.
So, if some of you are still feeling a bit too certain, I'd like to do this one. So, if we have the lights down. And what we have here -- Can everyone see 25 purple surfaces on your left, and 25, call it yellowish, surfaces on your right? So now, what I want to do, I'm going to put the middle nine surfaces here under yellow illumination, by simply putting a filter behind them. Now you can see that changes the light that's coming through there, right? Because now the light is going through a yellowish filter and then a purplish filter. I'm going to do the opposite on the left here. I'm going to put the middle nine under a purplish light.
Pa, ako se neko od vas još oseća previše sigurnim, hteo bih da uradim ovo. Dakle, ako možemo da ugasimo svetla. I ono što imamo ovde -- Da li svi mogu da vide 25 ljubičastih površina na vašoj levoj strani, i 25, neka su žućkaste, površina na vašoj desnoj strani? Pa , sada, ono što hoću da uradim: Staviću 9 srednjih površina ovde pod žuto osvetljenje prosto stavljajući filter iza njih. U redu. Sada možete da vidite da to menja svetlo koje tu prolazi. Je l' tako? Jer sad svetlo prolazi kroz žućkasti filter i onda kroz ljubičasti filter. Uradiću suprotno ovde levo. Staviću srednjih 9 pod ljubičasto osvetljenje.
Now, some of you will have noticed that the consequence is that the light coming through those middle nine on the right, or your left, is exactly the same as the light coming through the middle nine on your right. Agreed? Yes? Okay. So they are physically the same. Let's pull the covers off. Now remember -- you know that the middle nine are exactly the same. Do they look the same? No. The question is, "Is that an illusion?" And I'll leave you with that.
Sada, neki će primetiti da je posledica to da svetlo koje prolazi kroz tih srednjih 9 desno, ili vaše levo, je isto kako i svetlo koje prolazi kroz srednjih 9 na vašoj desnoj strani. Slažete se? Da? Ok. Znači da su fizički isti. Podignimo pokrivače. Sada zapamtite, znate da su srednjih 9 apsolutno iste. Da li izgledaju isto? Ne. Pitanje je , 'Da li je to iluzija?' I ostaviću vas s tim.
So, thank you very much.
Pa, hvala vam mnogo.
(Laughter)
(Aplauz)
(Applause)