Do you think it's possible to control someone's attention? Even more than that, what about predicting human behavior? I think those are interesting ideas. For me, that would be the perfect superpower, actually kind of an evil way of approaching it. But for myself, in the past, I've spent the last 20 years studying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way: picking pockets. When we think of misdirection, we think of something as looking off to the side, when actually the things right in front of us are often the hardest to see, the things that you look at every day that you're blinded to.
Myslíte, že je možné ovládať niekoho pozornosť? Navyše, čo tak predpovedať správanie človeka? Myslím, že sú to zaujímavé nápady. Teda pre mňa by to bola perfektná supermoc, tak akosi s hriešnym prístupom. Strávil som posledných 20 rokov štúdiom správania človeka z netradičného uhla pohľadu: ako vreckový zlodej. Keď rozmýšľame o zavádzaní, rozmýšľame o niečom ako pozeranie sa do strany, keď v skutočnosti sú to často veci priamo pred nami, ktoré je najťažšie uvidieť, veci, na ktoré sa každý deň pozeráte a ste voči nim slepí.
For example, how many of you still have your cell phones on you right now? Great. Double-check. Make sure you still have them. I was doing some shopping before.
Napríklad, koľkí z vás máte pri sebe mobil? Skvelé. Skontrolujte to. Skontrolujte, že ho stále máte. Trošku som popredu nakupoval.
(Laughter)
Dnes ste sa naň asi pozreli už niekoľkokrát,
You've looked at them a few times today, but I'll ask you a question. Without looking at it directly yet, can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner? Bring them out, check and see how accurate you were. How'd you do? Show of hands. Did we get it?
ale spýtam sa vás čosi o ňom. Bez toho, že by ste sa naň priamo pozreli, spomeniete si, ktorá ikona je v pravom dolnom rohu? Vyberte ich, skontrolujte a uvidíte, nakoľko presní ste. Ako ste dopadli? Zdvihnite ruky. Máme to?
Now that you're done, close them down. Every phone has something in common. No matter how you organize the icons, you still have a clock on the front. So, without looking at your phone, what time was it? You just looked at your clock, right? Interesting idea. Let's take that a step further with a game of trust. Close your eyes. I realize I'm asking you to do that while you just heard there's a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.
Keď ste sa pozreli, zavrite ich, lebo mobily majú čosi spoločné. Je jedno, ako si usporiadate ikony, vždy máte vpredu hodiny. Takže bez pozerania, koľko je hodín? Práve ste sa pozreli na hodiny, že? Je to zaujímavá myšlienka. Teraz vás požiadam, aby ste šli ešte ďalej v hre na dôveru. Zavrite oči. Uvedomujem si, že to chcem, hoci ste práve počuli, že v miestnosti je vreckový zlodej, ale zavrite oči.
Now, you've been watching me for about 30 seconds. With your eyes closed, what am I wearing? Make your best guess. What color is my shirt? What color is my tie? Now open your eyes. Show of hands, were you right? Interesting, isn't it?
Sledovali ste ma asi 30 sekúnd. So zavretými očami, čo mám oblečené? Skúste hádať. Akej farby je moja košeľa? Čo moja kravata? Teraz otvorte oči. Zdvihnite ruky, ak ste sa nemýlili. Zaujímavé, že? Niektorí z nás sú trochu
Some of us are a little bit more perceptive than others, it seems. But I have a different theory about that model of attention. They have fancy models of attention, Posner's trinity model of attention. For me, I like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system. It's kind of like you have all these fancy sensors, and inside your brain is a little security guard. For me, I like to call him Frank. So Frank is sitting at a desk. He's got lots of cool information in front of him, high-tech equipment, he's got cameras, he's got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears, all these senses, all these perceptions. But attention is what steers your perceptions, it's what controls your reality. It's the gateway to the mind. If you don't attend to something, you can't be aware of it. But ironically, you can attend to something without being aware of it. For example, the cocktail effect: You're in a party, having conversations with someone, and yet you can recognize your name without realizing you were listening to that.
vnímavejší ako iní. Tak sa zdá. Ale ja mám o tom inú teóriu, o tom modeli pozornosti. Existujú efektné modely pozornosti, Posnerova teória. Ja o tom rozmýšľam jednoducho, ako o sledovacom systéme. Akoby ste mali všetky tie efektné senzory a v mozgu je malý bezpečnostný strážnik. Ja ho nazývam Frank. Frank sedí za stolom. Má pred sebou množstvo úžasných informácií, špeciálne vybavenie, má kamery, má malý telefón, ktorý môže zdvihnúť, počúvať uši, všetky zmysly, všetky vnemy. Ale pozornosť je tým, čo otáča vašimi vnemami, čo ovláda vašu realitu. Je to vstupná brána do mysle. Ak sa niečomu nevenujete, nemôžete si to uvedomovať. Ale ironicky, nemôžete sa venovať niečomu bez toho, že by ste si to uvedomovali. Preto existuje efekt koktejlu: keď ste na párty, s niekým sa rozprávate, no aj tak rozpoznáte svoje meno a ani ste si neuvedomili, že ste ho počúvali.
Now, for my job, I have to play with techniques to exploit this, to play with your attention as a limited resource. So if I could control how you spend your attention, if I could maybe steal your attention through a distraction. Now, instead of doing it like misdirection and throwing it off to the side, instead, what I choose to focus on is Frank, to be able to play with the Frank inside your head, your security guard, and get you, instead of focusing on your external senses, just to go internal for a second.
Pri mojej práci sa musím hrať s týmito technikami, aby som to využil, hrať sa s vašou pozornosťou ako s limitovaným zdrojom. Takže ak by som mohol ovládať to, akým spôsobom používate pozornosť, ak by som mohol možno ukradnúť vašu pozornosť cez rozptýlenie, namiesto toho, že ju budem zavádzať a vyhadzovať z konceptu, sústredím sa na Franka, aby som bol schopný hrať sa s Frankom vo vašej hlave, s vaším malým strážnikom a donútiť vás, aby ste sa namiesto vonkajších zmyslov sústredili na chvíľu na vnútorné.
So if I ask you to access a memory, like, what is that? What just happened? Do you have a wallet? Do you have an American Express in your wallet? And when I do that, your Frank turns around. He accesses the file. He has to rewind the tape. What's interesting is, he can't rewind the tape at the same time that he's trying to process new data.
Takže ak vás požiadam, aby ste nazreli do pamäte, čo je to? Čo sa práve stalo? Máte peňaženku? Máte v peňaženke kartu American Express? A keď to urobím, váš Frank sa otočí. Nazerá do pamäte. Musí pretočiť pásku. A zaujímavé je, že ju nemôže pretočiť v čase, kedy sa snaží spracovať nové dáta.
This sounds like a good theory, but I could talk for a long time, tell you lots of things, and a portion of them may be true, but I think it's better if I tried to show that to you here live. If I come down, I'm going to do a bit of shopping. Just hold still where you are.
Toto znie ako dobrá teória, ale mohol by som dlho rozprávať o mnohých veciach a môžu byť pravdivé, časť z nich, ale myslím, že je lepšie, ak by som skúsil ukázať vám to tu naživo. Takže ak zídem dole, trochu ponakupujem. Len zostaňte na svojich miestach.
Hello, how are you? It's lovely to see you. Wonderful job onstage. Lovely watch, it doesn't come off very well. Do you have a ring as well? Good. Just taking inventory. You're like a buffet. Hard to tell where to start, so many great things.
Zdravím, ako sa máte? Rád vás vidím. Na pódiu vám to šlo úžasne. Máte krásne hodinky, ktoré nejdú dole jednoducho. Máte aj prsteň? Dobre. Len si prehliadam inventár. Ste ako bufet. Je ťažké povedať, kde začať, je tu toľko skvelých vecí.
Hi, how are you? Good to see you.
Zdravím, ako sa máte? Rád vás vidím.
Hi, sir, could you stand up, please? Just right where you are. You're married, you follow directions well. Nice to meet you, sir. You don't have a lot in your pockets. Anything down here? Hopefully so. Have a seat. There you go. You're doing well.
Pane, mohli by ste sa postaviť, prosím? Tam, kde ste. Och, ste ženatý. Ľahko plníte príkazy. Rád vás spoznávam, pane. Nemáte toho veľa vo vreckách. Čosi v tomto vrecku? Dúfajme. Posaďte sa. To je ono. Ide vám to.
Hi, sir, how are you? Good to see you, sir. You have a ring, a watch. Do you have a wallet on you? Joe: I don't.
Zdravím, pane, ako sa máte? Rád vás spoznávam. Máte prsteň, hodinky. - Máte peňaženku? - Nie.
AR: Well, we'll find one for you. Come on up this way, Joe. Give Joe a round of applause. Come on up, Joe. Let's play a game.
Nuž, nejakú vám nájdeme. Poďte tadeto hore, Joe. Zatlieskajte Joeovi. Poďte hore, Joe. Zahrajme sa.
(Applause)
(potlesk)
AR: Pardon me. I don't think I need this clicker anymore. Thank you very much. I appreciate that. Come on up to the stage, Joe. Let's play a little game now. Anything in your front pockets?
Prepáčte. Nemyslím, že budem potrebovať túto prepínačku. Môžete si ju vziať. Ďakujem. Cením si to. Poďte hore, Joe. Zahrajme si malú hru. - Máte niečo vo vreckách? - Peniaze.
J: Money.
Peniaze. Dobre, skúsme to.
AR: Money! All right, let's try that. Can you stand right over this way for me? Turn around and, let's see, if I give you something that belongs to me, this is just something I have, a poker chip. Hold out your hand for me. Watch it closely. This is a task for you to focus on. You have your money in your front pocket?
Môžete si zastať presne tu? Otočte sa a pozrime sa, ak vám dám čosi, čo patrí mne, je to len čosi, čo mám, pokrový žetón. Vystrite ruku. Pozorne ju sledujte. Je to úloha na sústredenie sa. - Máte peniaze vo vašom vrecku? - Hej.
J: Yup. AR: Good.
Dobre. Nejdem vložiť moju ruku do vášho vrecka.
I won't put my hand in your pocket. I'm not ready for that kind of commitment. Once a guy had a hole in his pocket, and that was rather traumatizing for me. I wanted his wallet, he gave me his number. Big miscommunication.
Nie som pripravený na čosi také. Raz mal jeden človek vo vrecku dieru a bolo to pre mňa traumatizujúce. Hľadal som jeho peňaženku a on mi dal telefóne číslo. Veľmi zle sme sa pochopili.
(Laughter)
Spravme to jednoducho. Zavrite dlaň.
Let's do this simply. Squeeze your hand tight. Do you feel the poker chip in your hand?
- Pevne. Cítite žetón v ruke? - Áno.
J: I do.
Boli by ste prekvapení, ak by som vám ho mohol vziať z ruky? Povedzte áno.
AR: Would you be surprised if I took it? Say yes.
- Veľmi. - Dobre.
J: Very. AR: Good.
Otvorte ruku. Ďakujem.
Open your hand. Thank you very much. I'll cheat if you give me a chance. Make it harder for me. Just use your hand. Grab my wrist, but squeeze, squeeze firm. Did you see it go? Joe: No.
Budem podvádzať, ak mi dáte šancu. Urobte mi to ťažším. Použite iba vašu ruku. Schmatnite mi zápästie, pevne. Videli ste to odísť?
AR: No, it's not here. Open your hand. While we're focused on the hand, it's sitting on your shoulder. Go ahead and take it off. Now, let's try that again. Hold your hand out flat. Open it up. Put your hand up a little bit higher, but watch it close. If I did it slowly, it'd be on your shoulder.
- Nie. - Nie, nie je tu. Otvorte ruku. Kým sa sústreďujeme na ruku, sedí si práve na vašom pleci. Zložte ho. Skúsme to znova. Držte ruku rovno. Otvorte ju naplno. Dajte ju trochu vyššie, ale sledujte ju pozorne. Ak by som to urobil pomaly, bol by späť na vašom pleci.
(Laughter)
(smiech)
Joe, we're going to keep doing this till you catch it. You'll get it eventually. I have faith in you. Squeeze firm. You're human, you're not slow. It's back on your shoulder. You were focused on your hand, distracted. While you were watching, I couldn't get your watch off. Yet you had something inside your pocket. Do you remember what it was?
Budeme v tom pokračovať, kým ho nepochopíte. Pochopíte to, čoskoro. Verím vám. Pevne zovrite. Ste človek, nie ste pomalý. Je späť na vašom pleci. Sústreďovali ste sa na ruku. Preto ste boli nepozorný. Kým ste ju sledovali, nemohol som vám dať dole hodinky. Bolo to ťažké. Ale aj tak ste mali čosi vo vrecku. Pamätáte, čo to bolo?
J: Money.
Peniaze.
AR: Check your pocket. Is it still there?
Skontrolujte vrecko. Či sú ešte tam. Sú? (smiech)
(Laughter)
Oh, there it was. Put it away. We're just shopping. This trick's more about the timing. I'm going to try to push it inside your hand. Put your other hand on top, would you? It's amazingly obvious now, isn't it? Looks a lot like the watch I was wearing, doesn't it?
Och, tak tam boli. Dajte ich preč. Len nakupujeme. Tento trik je v skutočnosti viac o načasovaní. Skúsim ich vtlačiť do vašej ruky. Otočte druhú ruku, prosím. Je to úžasne zjavné, že? Vyzerá to ako hodinky, čo som nosil, že? (smiech) (potlesk)
(Laughter) (Applause)
J: That's pretty good. AR: Oh, thanks.
- To je celkom dobré. - Och, ďakujem.
(Applause)
But it's only a start. Let's try it a little bit differently. Hold your hands together. Your other hand on top. If you're watching this little token, this obviously has become a little target, like a red herring. If we watch this kind of close, it looks like it goes away. It's not back on your shoulder. It falls out of the air, lands right back in the hand. Did you see it go? Yeah, funny. We've got a little guy. He's union, works up there all day. If I do it slowly it goes straight away, it lands by your pocket. Is it in this pocket, sir? Don't reach in your pocket. That's a different show.
To je iba začatok. Skúsme to znova, trochu inak. Držte ruky spolu. Dajte druhú ruku na vrch. Ak sledujete tento malý žetón, stalo sa to malým cieľom. Je to ako odpútavač. Ak to sledujeme zblízka, zdá sa, že odchádza. Nie je späť na vašom pleci. Padá zo vzduchu, pristáva späť do vašej ruky. Videli ste ju? Áno, je to smiešne. Máme malého chlapíka. Je z odborov. Pracuje tam hore celý deň. Ak to spravím pomaly, ak to pôjde hneď, pristane vo vašom vrecku. Nazdávam sa, že je v tomto vrecku, pane? Nie, nesiahajte do vrecka. To je iná šou.
(Squeaking)
Takže -- (vŕzgajúci zvuk) -- to je dosť čudné. Sú na to prípravky.
That's rather strange. They have shots for that. Can I show them? Rather bizarre. Is this yours, sir? I have no idea how that works. We'll send that over there.
Môžem im ukázať, čo to je? To je dosť bizardné. Je to vaše, pane? Nemám tušenia, ako to funguje. Pošleme ju jednoducho tam.
I need help with this one. Step over this way for me. Don't run away. You had something down by your pants pocket. I was checking mine. I couldn't find everything, but I noticed you had something here. Can I feel the outside for a moment? Down here I noticed this. Is this something of yours, sir? I have no idea. That's a shrimp.
To je skvelé. Potrebujem s týmto pomôcť. Stúpnite si sem, prosím. Neutekajte. Máte niečo vo vrecku nohavíc. Kontroloval som svoje. Nič som nemohol nájsť, ale všimol som si, že vy ste niečo mali. Môžem si ohmatať vaše vrecko zvonka? Niečo tu cítim. Je toto vaše, pane? Je? Netuším. To je kreveta.
J: Yeah. I'm saving it for later.
Hej. Odkladám si ju na neskôr.
AR: You've entertained all of these people in a wonderful way, better than you know. So we'd love to give you this lovely watch as a gift.
Skvelým spôsobom ste zabavili všetkých týchto ľudí, lepšie, ako si myslíte. Takže by sme vám radi dali tieto krásne hodinky ako darček. (smiech)
(Laughter)
Dúfam, že budú pasovať k jeho vkusu.
Hopefully it matches his taste. We have a couple of other things, a little bit of cash. And we have a few other things, these all belong to you, along with a big round of applause from all your friends.
Ale tiež máme ďalšie veci, nejaké peniaze, a potom máme pár ďalších vecí. Všetky patria vám, spolu s veľkým potleskom od priateľov. (potlesk)
(Applause)
Joe, ďakujem veľmi pekne.
Joe, thank you very much.
(potlesk)
(Applause)
(Applause ends)
So, same question I asked you before, but this time you don't have to close your eyes. What am I wearing?
Takže rovnaká otázka, ako som sa pýtal predtým, ale tentoraz si nemusíte zatvárať oči. Čo mám na sebe?
Audience: Oh!
(smiech)
(Laughter)
(Hesitant applause)
(potlesk)
(Applause ends)
Pozornosť je mocná vec.
Attention is a powerful thing. Like I said, it shapes your reality. So, I guess I'd like to pose that question to you. If you could control somebody's attention, what would you do with it?
Ako som povedal, tvaruje vašu skutočnosť. Takže myslím, že vám môžem položiť tú otázku: Ak by ste mohli ovládať niekoho pozornosť, čo by ste s tým urobili?
Thank you.
Ďakujem.
(Applause)
(potlesk)