Do you think it's possible to control someone's attention? Even more than that, what about predicting human behavior? I think those are interesting ideas. For me, that would be the perfect superpower, actually kind of an evil way of approaching it. But for myself, in the past, I've spent the last 20 years studying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way: picking pockets. When we think of misdirection, we think of something as looking off to the side, when actually the things right in front of us are often the hardest to see, the things that you look at every day that you're blinded to.
Vai uzskatāt, ka ir iespējams kontrolēt kāda uzmanību? Vēl vairāk, vai ir iespējams paredzēt cilvēku uzvedību? Manuprāt, tās ir interesantas domas. Man tā būtu ideāla superspēja ar samērā ļaunu pieeju tās lietošanai. Pats pēdējos 20 gadus esmu pavadījis pētot cilvēku uzvedību visnotaļ netradicionālā veidā: kā kabatzaglis. Iedomājoties par maldināšanu, mēs parasti domājam par skatīšanos pa malām, kad patiesībā to, kas ir acu priekšā, bieži redzēt ir visgrūtāk. Tas, ko jūs redzat ikdienā, ko vairs neievērojat.
For example, how many of you still have your cell phones on you right now? Great. Double-check. Make sure you still have them. I was doing some shopping before.
Piemēram, cik no jums joprojām ir līdzi mobilie tālruņi? Lieliski. Pārbaudiet vēlreiz, Pārliecinieties, ka tie joprojām ir pie jums. Es pirms brīža jau nedaudz pasiroju.
(Laughter)
(Smiekli)
You've looked at them a few times today, but I'll ask you a question. Without looking at it directly yet, can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner? Bring them out, check and see how accurate you were. How'd you do? Show of hands. Did we get it?
Šodien tajos pāris reizes jau esat skatījušies, bet es uzdošu vienu jautājumu. Bez skatīšanās savā tālrunī, vai varat atcerēties, kāda ikona ir apakšējā, labajā stūrī? Paņemiet tālruņus un paskatieties, cik pareiza bija atbilde. Kā jums gāja? Paceliet rokas. Vai uzminējām?
Now that you're done, close them down. Every phone has something in common. No matter how you organize the icons, you still have a clock on the front. So, without looking at your phone, what time was it? You just looked at your clock, right? Interesting idea. Let's take that a step further with a game of trust. Close your eyes. I realize I'm asking you to do that while you just heard there's a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.
Kad esat beiguši, nolieciet tos malā. Visiem tālruņiem ir kaut kas kopīgs. Neatkarīgi no tā, kā sakārtojat ikonas, pulkstenis tik un tā ir uz ekrāna. Vēlreiz neskatoties telefonā, sakiet, cik bija pulkstenis? Jūs tikko skatījāties pulkstenī, ne tā? Interesanta doma. Spersim soli tālāk ar uzticēšanās spēli. Aizveriet acis. Es saprotu, ka tikko dzirdējāt, ka telpā ir kabatzaglis, bet aizveriet acis.
Now, you've been watching me for about 30 seconds. With your eyes closed, what am I wearing? Make your best guess. What color is my shirt? What color is my tie? Now open your eyes. Show of hands, were you right? Interesting, isn't it?
Jūs esat skatījušies uz mani apmēram 30 sekundes. Neatverot acis, kas man ir mugurā? Miniet trīs reizes. Kādā krāsā ir mans krekls? Kādā krāsā ir mana kaklasaite? Tagad atveriet acis. Paceliet rokas, vai uzminējāt? Interesanti, vai ne?
Some of us are a little bit more perceptive than others, it seems. But I have a different theory about that model of attention. They have fancy models of attention, Posner's trinity model of attention. For me, I like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system. It's kind of like you have all these fancy sensors, and inside your brain is a little security guard. For me, I like to call him Frank. So Frank is sitting at a desk. He's got lots of cool information in front of him, high-tech equipment, he's got cameras, he's got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears, all these senses, all these perceptions. But attention is what steers your perceptions, it's what controls your reality. It's the gateway to the mind. If you don't attend to something, you can't be aware of it. But ironically, you can attend to something without being aware of it. For example, the cocktail effect: You're in a party, having conversations with someone, and yet you can recognize your name without realizing you were listening to that.
Tā vien šķiet, ka daži no mums ir drusku acīgāki nekā pārējie. Bet man ir cita teorija par šo uzmanības pievēršanas modeli. Ir daudzi smalki uzmanības modeļi, Posnera trīsvienības uzmanības modelis. Es par to domāju gaužām vienkārši, kā par novērošanas sistēmu Jums ir visvisādi smalki sensori, un jūsu smadzenēs ir mazs apsargs. Es šo apsargu dēvēju par Frenku. Tātad, Frenks sēž pie galda. Viņa priekšā ir visvisāda aizraujoša informācija, augsto tehnoloģiju iekārtas, kameras, Viņam ir telefoniņš, ko pacelt un paklausīties caur ausīm. Visas šīs maņas, uztvertā informācija. Bet uztverto vada uzmanība. Tā kontrolē jūsu realitāti. Tie ir kā vārti uz prātu. Nepievēršot kaut kam uzmanību, to nevar apzināties. Taču, ironiskā kārtā, uzmanību var pievērst, to neapzinoties. Piemēram, kokteiļballītes efekts. Kad, ballītes laikā, jūs ar kādu sarunājieties, bet tik un tā sadzirdat savu vārdu, pat neapzinoties, ka visu laiku klausījāties.
Now, for my job, I have to play with techniques to exploit this, to play with your attention as a limited resource. So if I could control how you spend your attention, if I could maybe steal your attention through a distraction. Now, instead of doing it like misdirection and throwing it off to the side, instead, what I choose to focus on is Frank, to be able to play with the Frank inside your head, your security guard, and get you, instead of focusing on your external senses, just to go internal for a second.
Mans darbs ir to izmantot ar dažādiem paņēmieniem, lai spēlētos ar jūsu uzmanību kā ierobežotu resursu. Ja es spēju kontrolēt, kam tiek veltīta jūsu uzmanība, Ja es spētu novēršot „nozagt” jūsu uzmanību. Tā vietā, lai uzmanību novērstu projām no vietas, tā vietā es izvēlos koncentrēties uz Frenku. Apspēlējot jūsu galvā esošo Frenku, jūsu iekšējo apsargu, un panāku, ka tā vietā, lai pievērstu uzmanību ārējām maņām, jūs uz brīdi iegrimstat sevī.
So if I ask you to access a memory, like, what is that? What just happened? Do you have a wallet? Do you have an American Express in your wallet? And when I do that, your Frank turns around. He accesses the file. He has to rewind the tape. What's interesting is, he can't rewind the tape at the same time that he's trying to process new data.
Kad es jums lūdzu atcerēties, piemēram, kas bija tas? Kas tikko notika? Jums joprojām ir maks? Vai <i>American Express</i> jums joprojām ir makā? Man to pajautājot, jūsu Frenks pagriežas Viņš piekļūst datiem. Viņam filma jāpatin atpakaļ. Interesanti, ka viņš nevar tīt filmu atpakaļ, vienlaikus apstrādājot jaunus datus.
This sounds like a good theory, but I could talk for a long time, tell you lots of things, and a portion of them may be true, but I think it's better if I tried to show that to you here live. If I come down, I'm going to do a bit of shopping. Just hold still where you are.
Izklausās pēc labas teorijas, taču es jums varētu ilgi un dikti viskautko stāstīt, un daļa varētu būt patiesība, bet, manuprāt, labāk būtu, ja es to mēģinātu parādītu uz vietas. Tā, es dodos lejā, lai drusku pasirotu. Palieciet savās vietās.
Hello, how are you? It's lovely to see you. Wonderful job onstage. Lovely watch, it doesn't come off very well. Do you have a ring as well? Good. Just taking inventory. You're like a buffet. Hard to tell where to start, so many great things.
Sveiki, kā jums klājas? Prieks jūs redzēt! Brīnišķīga uzstāšanās! Jauks pulkstenis, nav gan viegli noņemams. Jums ir arī gredzens? Labi. Es tikai pārbaudu. Jūs esat kā uzkodu galds! Grūti izvēlēties, ar ko sākt, tik daudz visādu labumu!
Hi, how are you? Good to see you.
Sveiki, kā klājas? Prieks jūs redzēt!
Hi, sir, could you stand up, please? Just right where you are. You're married, you follow directions well. Nice to meet you, sir. You don't have a lot in your pockets. Anything down here? Hopefully so. Have a seat. There you go. You're doing well.
Sveiki, kungs, varētu lūdzu piecelties kājās? Tepat uz vietas. Jūs esat precēts, tad jau labi izpildāt pavēles. Patīkami jūs satikt, kungs. Jums kabatas tādas patukšas. Vai šajā kabatā kaut kas ir? Cerams. Sēdieties, jums lieliski sanāk!
Hi, sir, how are you? Good to see you, sir. You have a ring, a watch. Do you have a wallet on you? Joe: I don't.
Sveicināti, kā klājas? Prieks jūs redzēt, kungs! Jums ir pulkstenis, gredzens. Vai jums līdzi ir maks? Džo: Nav.
AR: Well, we'll find one for you. Come on up this way, Joe. Give Joe a round of applause. Come on up, Joe. Let's play a game.
A.R.: Mēs jums atradīsim maku. Sekojiet man, Džo. Aplausi par godu Džo! Nāciet uz skatuves, Džo. Paspēlēsim spēli.
(Applause)
(Aplausi)
AR: Pardon me. I don't think I need this clicker anymore. Thank you very much. I appreciate that. Come on up to the stage, Joe. Let's play a little game now. Anything in your front pockets?
A.R.: Es atvainojos. Man laikam vairāk nevajadzēs pulti. Liels paldies. Es to novērtēju. Kāpiet uz skatuves, Džo, paspēlēsim mazu spēlīti. Jums priekšējās kabatās kaut kas ir?
J: Money.
Džo: Nauda.
AR: Money! All right, let's try that. Can you stand right over this way for me? Turn around and, let's see, if I give you something that belongs to me, this is just something I have, a poker chip. Hold out your hand for me. Watch it closely. This is a task for you to focus on. You have your money in your front pocket?
A.R.: Nauda! Labi, tas derēs. Vai jūs varētu te nostāties? Pagriezieties un paskatīsimies, ja es jums iedotu kaut ko, kas pieder man, kas man vienkārši ir līdzi, pokera žetons. Izstiepiet roku. Vērojiet to uzmanīgi. Šis ir darbs, kam pievēršat uzmanību. Jums ir nauda priekšējā kabatā?
J: Yup. AR: Good.
Džo: Jā. A.R.: Labi.
I won't put my hand in your pocket. I'm not ready for that kind of commitment. Once a guy had a hole in his pocket, and that was rather traumatizing for me. I wanted his wallet, he gave me his number. Big miscommunication.
Es gan nelikšu roku jūsu kabatā. Es nejūtos gatavs šādām saistībām. Reiz puisim kabatā bija caurums, un tas bija diezgan traumatiski. Es gribēju maku, bet dabūju viņa numuru. Liels pārpratums.
(Laughter)
(Smiekli)
Let's do this simply. Squeeze your hand tight. Do you feel the poker chip in your hand?
Darīsim vienkāršāk. Saspiediet to plaukstā. Vai jūtat pokera žetonu savā rokā?
J: I do.
Džo: Jūtu.
AR: Would you be surprised if I took it? Say yes.
Vai būtu pārsteigts, ja es to paņemtu? Sakiet jā!
J: Very. AR: Good.
Džo: Ļoti. A.R.: Labi.
Open your hand. Thank you very much. I'll cheat if you give me a chance. Make it harder for me. Just use your hand. Grab my wrist, but squeeze, squeeze firm. Did you see it go? Joe: No.
Atveriet plaukstu. Liels paldies! Es krāpšos, ja dosiet man iespēju. Apgrūtiniet man darbu. Izmantojiet roku. Turiet manu plaukstu. Turiet cieši. Redzējāt, kur tas palika?
AR: No, it's not here. Open your hand. While we're focused on the hand, it's sitting on your shoulder. Go ahead and take it off. Now, let's try that again. Hold your hand out flat. Open it up. Put your hand up a little bit higher, but watch it close. If I did it slowly, it'd be on your shoulder.
Džo: Nē A.R. Te tā nav. Atveriet plaukstu. Kamēr mēs pievērsāmies rokai, žetons palika uz jūsu pleca Noņemiet to. Pamēģināsim vēlreiz. Izstiepiet atvērtu plaukstu. Pavisam plakanu. Paceliet roku drusku augstāk, bet vērojiet to cieši. Ja darītu to lēnām, tas būtu atpakaļ uz pleca.
(Laughter)
(Smiekli)
Joe, we're going to keep doing this till you catch it. You'll get it eventually. I have faith in you. Squeeze firm. You're human, you're not slow. It's back on your shoulder. You were focused on your hand, distracted. While you were watching, I couldn't get your watch off. Yet you had something inside your pocket. Do you remember what it was?
Džo, mēs to atkārtosim, kamēr uzķersiet. Beigu beigās jūs sapratīsiet, es jums ticu. Saspiediet cieši. Jūs esat cilvēks, neesat lēns. Tas atkal ir uz jūsu pleca. Jūs pievērsāt uzmanību rokai, novērsāties. Kamēr vērojāt roku, man neizdevās noņemt jūsu pulksteni. Bet jums kaut kas bija priekšējā kabatā. Atceraties, kas tur bija?
J: Money.
Džo: Nauda.
AR: Check your pocket. Is it still there?
A.R.: Pārbaudiet kabatu. Vai tā joprojām ir tur?
(Laughter)
(Smiekli)
Oh, there it was. Put it away. We're just shopping. This trick's more about the timing. I'm going to try to push it inside your hand. Put your other hand on top, would you? It's amazingly obvious now, isn't it? Looks a lot like the watch I was wearing, doesn't it?
Ā, tā bija tur! Nolieciet atpakaļ. Mēs tikai pasirojam. Galvenais ir īstais brīdis. Es mēģināšu žetonu iespiest jūsu dūrē. Uzlieciet otru roku pa virsu, labi? Apbrīnojami acīmredzami, ne tā? Ļoti līdzīgi pulkstenim, ko iepriekš nēsāju, vai ne?
(Laughter) (Applause)
(Smiekli) (Aplausi)
J: That's pretty good. AR: Oh, thanks.
Džo: Nav slikti! A.R.: Oo, paldies!
(Applause)
(Aplausi)
But it's only a start. Let's try it a little bit differently. Hold your hands together. Your other hand on top. If you're watching this little token, this obviously has become a little target, like a red herring. If we watch this kind of close, it looks like it goes away. It's not back on your shoulder. It falls out of the air, lands right back in the hand. Did you see it go? Yeah, funny. We've got a little guy. He's union, works up there all day. If I do it slowly it goes straight away, it lands by your pocket. Is it in this pocket, sir? Don't reach in your pocket. That's a different show.
Bet tas ir tikai sākums. Pamēģināsim vēlreiz drusku citādāk. Salieciet kopā rokas. Vienu virs otras. Ja vērojat šo žetoniņu, tas acīmredzami ir kļuvis par mērķi, kā malduguns. Ja mēs cieši vērojam notiekošo, izskatās, ka tas pazūd. Tas nav uz jūsu pleca. Tas izkrīt no zila gaisa un iekrīt tieši plaukstā. Kur tas palika? Jā, savādi gan. Tur ir mūsējais, kurš tur sēž visu dienu. Lēnām, ja viss notiktu uzreiz, žetons iekristu jūsu kabatā. Šajā kabatā, kungs? Nebāziet roku kabatā. Tas ir kam citam.
(Squeaking)
(Pīkstoņa).
That's rather strange. They have shots for that. Can I show them? Rather bizarre. Is this yours, sir? I have no idea how that works. We'll send that over there.
Nu gan dīvaini. Tam ir injekcijas. Varu parādīt? Savādi gan. Kungs, tas ir jūsējais? Man nav ne jausmas, kā tas notiek. Vienkārši aizsūtīsim to prom.
I need help with this one. Step over this way for me. Don't run away. You had something down by your pants pocket. I was checking mine. I couldn't find everything, but I noticed you had something here. Can I feel the outside for a moment? Down here I noticed this. Is this something of yours, sir? I have no idea. That's a shrimp.
Tagad man vajadzēs palīdzību. Paejiet turp. Vēl neskrieniet projām. Jums bikšu kabatā kaut kas bija. Es pārbaudīju savas. Es nevarēju neko atrast, bet jums tur kaut kas ir. Vai varu pataustīt jūsu kabatu no ārpuses? Šeit lejā es pamanīju šo te. Kungs, vai tā ir jūsējā? Man nav ne jausmas. Tā ir garnele.
J: Yeah. I'm saving it for later.
Džo: Jā, pataupīju to vēlākam.
AR: You've entertained all of these people in a wonderful way, better than you know. So we'd love to give you this lovely watch as a gift.
A.R.: Jūs brīnišķīgi izklaidējāt visus šos cilvēkus, labāk nekā jums šķita. Tādēļ mēs jums uzdāvināsim šo jauko pulksteni.
(Laughter)
(Smiekli)
Hopefully it matches his taste. We have a couple of other things, a little bit of cash. And we have a few other things, these all belong to you, along with a big round of applause from all your friends.
Cerams, tas ir viņa gaumē. Bet mums ir arī dažas citas lietas, drusku skaidras naudas. Vēl pāris lietas. Tie visi ir jūsējie, un protams, skaļi aplausi par godu jums.
(Applause)
(Aplausi)
Joe, thank you very much.
Džo, liels paldies!
(Applause)
(Aplausi)
(Applause ends)
(Aplausi beidzas)
So, same question I asked you before, but this time you don't have to close your eyes. What am I wearing?
Tas pats jautājums, ko uzdevu jau iepriekš, tikai šoreiz jums nav jāaizver acis. Kas man ir mugurā?
Audience: Oh!
Skatītāji: Oh!
(Laughter)
(Smiekli)
(Hesitant applause)
(Atturīgi aplausi)
(Applause ends)
(Aplausi beidzas)
Attention is a powerful thing. Like I said, it shapes your reality. So, I guess I'd like to pose that question to you. If you could control somebody's attention, what would you do with it?
Uzmanība ir nozīmīga lieta. Kā jau teicu, tā veido jūsu realitāti. Man gribētos uzdot jums jautājumu: Ja spētu kontrolēt kāda uzmanību, ko jūs ar šo spēju darītu?
Thank you.
Paldies!
(Applause)
(Aplausi)