Do you think it's possible to control someone's attention? Even more than that, what about predicting human behavior? I think those are interesting ideas. For me, that would be the perfect superpower, actually kind of an evil way of approaching it. But for myself, in the past, I've spent the last 20 years studying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way: picking pockets. When we think of misdirection, we think of something as looking off to the side, when actually the things right in front of us are often the hardest to see, the things that you look at every day that you're blinded to.
Mislite li da je moguće kontrolirati nečiju pažnju? Još bolje, predvidjeti ljudsko ponašanje? Mislim da su to zanimljive ideje. Za mene bi to bila savršena supermoć, što je, zapravo, pomalo zločesti način pristupa. No, proveo sam posljednjih 20 godina proučavajući ljudsko ponašanje na prilično neobičan način: kao džepar. Kad pomislimo na odvraćanje pažnje, pomislimo na nešto poput gledanja u stranu, a zapravo je upravo ono, što nam je pred nosom, često najteže vidjeti, stvari koje svakodnevno gledate, a koje ne primjećujete.
For example, how many of you still have your cell phones on you right now? Great. Double-check. Make sure you still have them. I was doing some shopping before.
Na primjer, koliko vas uz sebe još uvijek ima mobitel? Sjajno. Provjerite dvaput. Provjerite imate li ga još uvijek. Malo prije sam bio u kupnji.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
You've looked at them a few times today, but I'll ask you a question. Without looking at it directly yet, can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner? Bring them out, check and see how accurate you were. How'd you do? Show of hands. Did we get it?
Danas ste ga nekoliko puta pogledali, stoga ću vas upitati nešto. Nemojte odmah pogledati, možete li se sjetiti ikone u donjem desnom kutu? Izvadite ga i provjerite koliko ste bili točni. Kako ste prošli? Pokažite ruke. Uspjeli ste?
Now that you're done, close them down. Every phone has something in common. No matter how you organize the icons, you still have a clock on the front. So, without looking at your phone, what time was it? You just looked at your clock, right? Interesting idea. Let's take that a step further with a game of trust. Close your eyes. I realize I'm asking you to do that while you just heard there's a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.
Sad kad ste gotovi, spremite ga. Svi mobiteli imaju nešto zajedničko. Bez obzira kako ste organizirali ikone, na zaslonu se nalazi sat. Bez gledanja na mobitel, koliko je sati pokazivao? Upravo ste gledali na sat, zar ne? Zanimljivo. Idemo korak dalje u ovoj igri povjerenja. Zatvorite oči. Shvaćam da to tražim od vas u trenutku kad ste čuli da je džepar u istoj prostoriji, ali zatvorite oči.
Now, you've been watching me for about 30 seconds. With your eyes closed, what am I wearing? Make your best guess. What color is my shirt? What color is my tie? Now open your eyes. Show of hands, were you right? Interesting, isn't it?
Gledali ste u mene otprilike 30 sekundi. Zatvorenih očiju, možete li reći što nosim? Dajte sve od sebe. Koje je boje moja košulja? Kravata? Sada otvorite oči. Pokažite ruke. Jeste li pogodili? Zanimljivo, zar ne?
Some of us are a little bit more perceptive than others, it seems. But I have a different theory about that model of attention. They have fancy models of attention, Posner's trinity model of attention. For me, I like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system. It's kind of like you have all these fancy sensors, and inside your brain is a little security guard. For me, I like to call him Frank. So Frank is sitting at a desk. He's got lots of cool information in front of him, high-tech equipment, he's got cameras, he's got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears, all these senses, all these perceptions. But attention is what steers your perceptions, it's what controls your reality. It's the gateway to the mind. If you don't attend to something, you can't be aware of it. But ironically, you can attend to something without being aware of it. For example, the cocktail effect: You're in a party, having conversations with someone, and yet you can recognize your name without realizing you were listening to that.
Čini se da neki bolje opažaju od drugih. No, ja imam drugačiju teoriju o tom modelu pažnje. Postoje moderni načini pažnje, Posnerov trojni model pažnje. Volim gledati na to kao na nešto vrlo jednostavno, kao nadzorni sustav. To je kao da imate luksuzne senzore, a u vašem mozgu nalazi se mali zaštitar. Volim ga zvati Frank. Znači, Frank sjedi za stolom. Ispred sebe ima hrpu zanimljivih informacija, opremu visoke kvalitete, kamere, mali telefon na koji se može javiti, osluškivati, razna osjetila i opažanja. Međutim, vašim opažanjima upravlja pažnja, ona kontrolira vašu stvarnost. Ona je prolaz do uma. Ako ne obratite pažnju na nešto, toga ni nećete biti svjesni. Ironično, možete obratiti pažnju na nešto, a da toga niste ni svjesni. Primjerice, koktel efekt. Na tulumu ste, pričate s nekim, i svejedno prepoznate svoje ime, a da niste ni svjesni da ste ga slušali.
Now, for my job, I have to play with techniques to exploit this, to play with your attention as a limited resource. So if I could control how you spend your attention, if I could maybe steal your attention through a distraction. Now, instead of doing it like misdirection and throwing it off to the side, instead, what I choose to focus on is Frank, to be able to play with the Frank inside your head, your security guard, and get you, instead of focusing on your external senses, just to go internal for a second.
U svom poslu, moram se igrati tehnikama da se ovime okoristim, igrati se vašom pažnjom kao ograničenim izvorom. Kada bih mogao kontrolirati kako koristite svoju pažnju, mogao bih vam je ukrasti kroz njeno odvraćanje. No, umjesto da je pogrešno usmjeravam i odvlačim u stranu, ja biram usredotočiti se na Franka, poigrati se Frankom u vašoj glavi, vašim zaštitarom, navući vas da se usredotočite na unutarnja, umjesto na vanjska osjetila.
So if I ask you to access a memory, like, what is that? What just happened? Do you have a wallet? Do you have an American Express in your wallet? And when I do that, your Frank turns around. He accesses the file. He has to rewind the tape. What's interesting is, he can't rewind the tape at the same time that he's trying to process new data.
Ako vas upitam da pristupite sjećanju, pitajući, što je to? Što se upravo dogodilo? Imate novčanik? Imate li u novčaniku American Express? Kada to učinim, Frank se okrene. Pristupa dokumentu. Mora premotati vrpcu. Zanimljivo je da ne može premotati vrpcu dok istovremeno pokušava obraditi nove podatke.
This sounds like a good theory, but I could talk for a long time, tell you lots of things, and a portion of them may be true, but I think it's better if I tried to show that to you here live. If I come down, I'm going to do a bit of shopping. Just hold still where you are.
Ovo zvuči kao dobra teorija, ali mogao bih dugo pričati, reći hrpu stvari i samo bi dio mogao biti istinit, stoga mislim da je bolje sve vam pokazati uživo. Sići ću dolje, idem malo u kupnju. Samo ostanite mirni.
Hello, how are you? It's lovely to see you. Wonderful job onstage. Lovely watch, it doesn't come off very well. Do you have a ring as well? Good. Just taking inventory. You're like a buffet. Hard to tell where to start, so many great things.
Dobar dan, kako ste? Lijepo je vidjeti vas. Bili ste odlični gore. Divan sat, ne skida se lako. Imate li i prsten? U redu, samo radim popis. Vi ste kao švedski stol. Teško je reći gdje početi, toliko je sjajnih stvari.
Hi, how are you? Good to see you.
Bok, kako ste? Drago mi je.
Hi, sir, could you stand up, please? Just right where you are. You're married, you follow directions well. Nice to meet you, sir. You don't have a lot in your pockets. Anything down here? Hopefully so. Have a seat. There you go. You're doing well.
Gospodine, biste li mogli ustati? Upravo ovdje, da. Oženjeni ste, dobro slijedite upute. Drago mi je, gospodine. Nemate puno toga u džepovima. Imate li išta ovdje? Nadam se. Sjednite. Eto ga. Sjajno vam ide.
Hi, sir, how are you? Good to see you, sir. You have a ring, a watch. Do you have a wallet on you? Joe: I don't.
Dobar dan, kako ste? Drago mi je da vas vidim. Imate prsten, sat. Imate li i novčanik? - Nemam.
AR: Well, we'll find one for you. Come on up this way, Joe. Give Joe a round of applause. Come on up, Joe. Let's play a game.
Naći ćemo vam jedan. Ovim putem, Joe. Može jedan pljesak za gospodina. Zaigrajmo, Joe.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
AR: Pardon me. I don't think I need this clicker anymore. Thank you very much. I appreciate that. Come on up to the stage, Joe. Let's play a little game now. Anything in your front pockets?
AR: Ispričavam se. Mislim da mi daljinski više ne treba. Hvala vam najljepša. Popnite se na pozornicu, Joe. Hajdemo se malo igrati. Imate li išta u prednjim džepovima?
J: Money.
J: Novac.
AR: Money! All right, let's try that. Can you stand right over this way for me? Turn around and, let's see, if I give you something that belongs to me, this is just something I have, a poker chip. Hold out your hand for me. Watch it closely. This is a task for you to focus on. You have your money in your front pocket?
AR: Novac! Odlično, probajmo s njim. Možete li, molim vas, stati ovdje? Okrenite se. Da vidimo, dat ću vam nešto svoje, nešto što imam, poker žeton. Ispružite ruku. Dobro ga pogledajte. Na ovo se trebate usredotočiti. Imate li novac u prednjem džepu?
J: Yup. AR: Good.
J: Da. AR: Odlično.
I won't put my hand in your pocket. I'm not ready for that kind of commitment. Once a guy had a hole in his pocket, and that was rather traumatizing for me. I wanted his wallet, he gave me his number. Big miscommunication.
Neću vam staviti ruku u džep, još nisam spreman na privrženost. Jednom je tip imao rupu u džepu, za mene je to bilo traumatično iskustvo. Htio sam njegov novčanik, dobio broj telefona. Veliki nesporazum.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Let's do this simply. Squeeze your hand tight. Do you feel the poker chip in your hand?
Neka bude jednostavno. Čvrsto stisnite šaku. Osjetite li žeton u svojoj ruci?
J: I do.
J: Da.
AR: Would you be surprised if I took it? Say yes.
AR: Bi li vas iznenadilo da sam ga uzeo? Recite da.
J: Very. AR: Good.
J: Vrlo. AR: U redu.
Open your hand. Thank you very much. I'll cheat if you give me a chance. Make it harder for me. Just use your hand. Grab my wrist, but squeeze, squeeze firm. Did you see it go? Joe: No.
Otvorite ruku. Hvala. Prevarit ću ako mi pružite priliku. Otežajte mi. Samo koristite svoju ruku. Zgrabite me za zapešće, čvrsto stisnite. Jeste li ga vidjeli? - Ne.
AR: No, it's not here. Open your hand. While we're focused on the hand, it's sitting on your shoulder. Go ahead and take it off. Now, let's try that again. Hold your hand out flat. Open it up. Put your hand up a little bit higher, but watch it close. If I did it slowly, it'd be on your shoulder.
AR: Nije ovdje. Otvorite ruku. Dok smo koncentrirani na ruku, nalazi vam se na ramenu. Uzmite ga. Pokušajmo ponovo. Ispružite ruku. Širom je otvorite. Podignite je malo i gledajte pažljivo. Da sam išao sporije, bio bi na vašem ramenu.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Joe, we're going to keep doing this till you catch it. You'll get it eventually. I have faith in you. Squeeze firm. You're human, you're not slow. It's back on your shoulder. You were focused on your hand, distracted. While you were watching, I couldn't get your watch off. Yet you had something inside your pocket. Do you remember what it was?
Nastavit ćemo s ovim dok ne shvatite, Joe. Shvatit ćete, vjerujem u vas. Čvrsto stisnite. Čovjek ste, niste glupi. Ponovo vam je na ramenu. Bili ste usredotočeni na ruku, odvraćene pažnje. Nisam vam mogao skinuti sat dok ste gledali. Ipak, imali ste nešto u džepu. Sjećate li se što?
J: Money.
J: Novac.
AR: Check your pocket. Is it still there?
AR: Provjerite džep. Je li još uvijek tamo?
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Oh, there it was. Put it away. We're just shopping. This trick's more about the timing. I'm going to try to push it inside your hand. Put your other hand on top, would you? It's amazingly obvious now, isn't it? Looks a lot like the watch I was wearing, doesn't it?
A, tu je. Sklonite ga. Samo malo kupujemo. Kod ovog trika stvar je u vremenu. Pokušat ću vam ga staviti u ruku. Stavite drugu preko, hoćete li? Sada je nevjerojatno očito, zar ne? Izgleda poput sata kojeg sam nosio, zar ne?
(Laughter) (Applause)
(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
J: That's pretty good. AR: Oh, thanks.
J: Vrlo dobro. AR: Hvala.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
But it's only a start. Let's try it a little bit differently. Hold your hands together. Your other hand on top. If you're watching this little token, this obviously has become a little target, like a red herring. If we watch this kind of close, it looks like it goes away. It's not back on your shoulder. It falls out of the air, lands right back in the hand. Did you see it go? Yeah, funny. We've got a little guy. He's union, works up there all day. If I do it slowly it goes straight away, it lands by your pocket. Is it in this pocket, sir? Don't reach in your pocket. That's a different show.
Ovo je samo početak. Pokušajmo malo drugačije. Držite ruke zajedno. Okrenite jednu gore. Ako gledate ovaj žeton, očito je postao meta, odvlačenje pažnje. Ako ga gledamo ovako blizu, izgleda kao da odlazi. Nije vam na ramenu. Pada iz zraka, ravno u ruku. Jeste li ga vidjeli? Smiješno, da. Imamo lika iz sindikata, gore radi cijeli dan. Ako to učinim sporo, ide ravno i upada u vaš džep. Je li vam u ovom džepu? Ne posežite u džep. To je predstava za sebe.
(Squeaking)
(Škripanje)
That's rather strange. They have shots for that. Can I show them? Rather bizarre. Is this yours, sir? I have no idea how that works. We'll send that over there.
Čudno. Postoji lijek za to. Mogu li im pokazati? Baš čudno. Je li ovo vaše? Nemam pojma kako to funkcionira. Poslat ćemo to onamo.
I need help with this one. Step over this way for me. Don't run away. You had something down by your pants pocket. I was checking mine. I couldn't find everything, but I noticed you had something here. Can I feel the outside for a moment? Down here I noticed this. Is this something of yours, sir? I have no idea. That's a shrimp.
Trebam pomoć oko ovoga. Stanite ovdje. Nemojte pobjeći. Imali ste nešto u džepu hlača. Provjerio sam svoje. Nisam mogao sve pronaći, ali sam primijetio da ste imali nešto. Mogu li na trenutak opipati izvana? Primijetio sam ovo. Je li vaše? Nemam pojma. To je škamp.
J: Yeah. I'm saving it for later.
J: Da, čuvam ga za poslije.
AR: You've entertained all of these people in a wonderful way, better than you know. So we'd love to give you this lovely watch as a gift.
AR: Odlično ste zabavili ove ljude, niste ni svjesni koliko. Stoga bismo vam voljeli dati ovaj predivan sat kao dar.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Hopefully it matches his taste. We have a couple of other things, a little bit of cash. And we have a few other things, these all belong to you, along with a big round of applause from all your friends.
Nadam se da odgovara ukusu. Imamo i nekoliko drugih stvari, malo gotovine. Imamo svega pomalo, sve ovo pripada vama, uz jedan veliki pljesak od svih vaših prijatelja.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
Joe, thank you very much.
Puno vam hvala, Joe.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
(Applause ends)
(Kraj pljeska)
So, same question I asked you before, but this time you don't have to close your eyes. What am I wearing?
Dakle, postavit ću vam isto pitanje kao maloprije, no, sad ne trebate zatvoriti oči. Što nosim?
Audience: Oh!
Oh!
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
(Hesitant applause)
(Pljesak)
(Applause ends)
(Kraj pljeska)
Attention is a powerful thing. Like I said, it shapes your reality. So, I guess I'd like to pose that question to you. If you could control somebody's attention, what would you do with it?
Pažnja je moćna stvar. Kao što rekoh, ona oblikuje vašu stvarnost. Stoga bih vam volio postaviti sljedeće pitanje: Kada biste mogli kontrolirati nečiju pažnju, što biste učinili s njom?
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)