There are 39 million people in the world who are blind. Eighty percent of them are living in low-income countries such as Kenya, and the absolute majority do not need to be blind. They are blind from diseases that are either completely curable or preventable.
全世界有390万 失明的人 他们中的80% 生活在低收入国家, 例如肯尼亚, 他们中的绝大多数 本不该被失明困扰。 他们因疾病导致失明 而这些疾病是完全可以治愈的 或者是可以提前预防的。
Knowing this, with my young family, we moved to Kenya. We secured equipment, funds, vehicles, we trained a team, we set up a hundred clinics throughout the Great Rift Valley to try and understand a single question: why are people going blind, and what can we do?
了解到这样的状况, 我和我年轻的家庭, 搬到肯尼亚。 我们配置了仪器, 资金,车辆, 我们训练了一个团队。 我们建立了一百余家诊所, 遍布整个东非大裂谷, 试图去理解一个问题: 是什么导致人们失明, 要怎样化解这样的困境?
The challenges were great. When we got to where we were going, we set up our high-tech equipment. Power was rarely available. We'd have to run our equipment from petrol power generators. And then something occurred to me: There has to be an easier way, because it's the patients who are the most in need of access to eye care who are the least likely to get it.
这无疑是个巨大的挑战。 当我们设定好要前往的地区时, 我们搭建好高科技的仪器, 很难找到电源。 需要使用 汽油发电机供电。 于是我想到: 应该会有更加简便的方式, 因为那些最急迫需要 接受眼科检查的患者 也正是最难以获取诊疗的人。
More people in Kenya, and in sub-Saharan Africa, have access to a mobile phone than they do clean running water. So we said, could we harness the power of mobile technology to deliver eye care in a new way? And so we developed Peek, a smartphone [system] that enables community healthcare workers and empowers them to deliver eye care everywhere. We set about replacing traditional hospital equipment, which is bulky, expensive and fragile, with smartphone apps and hardware that make it possible to test anyone in any language and of any age. Here we have a demonstration of a three-month-old having their vision accurately tested using an app and an eye tracker.
越来越多生活在肯尼亚 和撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲地区的人们 使用手机的人数 甚至多于能够接收到清洁水源的。 我想,我们能不能套用 移动通信技术的力量 用一种新方法来进行眼科检查? 因此我们开发了一个应用“Peek” 一个智慧型手机[系统] 能够搭建医务工作者社群 让他们能够在任何地方 为人们提供眼科检查服务。 我们用智慧型手机应用程序和硬件 来代替那些笨重, 昂贵又不易维护的 传统医院的仪器设备。 这使得工作人员能够 跨越语言,年纪的障碍 为任何人提供眼科检查。 这段影片展示了 一个三个月大的婴儿 通过应用程序和眼动仪 接受精准的视力检测。
We've got many trials going on in the community and in schools, and through the lessons that we've learned in the field, we've realized it's extremely important to share the data in non-medical jargon so that people understand what we're examining and what that means to them. So here, for example, we use our sight sim application, once your vision has been measured, to show carers and teachers what the visual world is like for that person, so they can empathize with them and help them.
很多实验都在进行着 在社区,在学校, 从实地考察中得到的经验教训, 让我们意识到, 用非医学专用术语 分享诊疗数据是极其重要的, 因为这样人们就能了解到 我们在检查些什么, 这和他们有什么关系。 因此,举例来说, 使用我们的“视力身份识别”程序, 在检测到你的视力之后, 我们展示给照护者和老师 那个人眼中的世界是怎样的, 这样他们就能告诉他们并帮助他们。
Once we've discovered somebody has low vision, the next big challenge is to work out why, and to be able to do that, we need to have access to the inside of the eye. Traditionally, this requires expensive equipment to examine an area called the retina. The retina is the single part of the eye that has huge amounts of information about the body and its health. We've developed 3D-printed, low-cost hardware that comes in at less than five dollars to produce, which can then be clipped onto a smartphone and makes it possible to get views of the back of the eye of a very high quality. And the beauty is, anybody can do it. In our trials on over two and half thousand people, the smartphone with the add-on clip is comparable to a camera that is hugely more expensive and hugely more difficult to transport.
当我们发现某人有低视力的问题, 下一个大的挑战就是找出病因, 为了能找到病因点, 我们需要检查眼睛内部。 传统上,这需要昂贵的设备 来检查视网膜。 视网膜是眼内一个单独的区域 包含巨大数量的身体信息 和眼睛的健康状况。 我们开发了通过3D打印制作的 低成本的硬件, 制作所需的费用少于5美元, 这个硬件能够直接 连接到智慧型手机, 使得手机拥有能够看到 眼睛内部的仪器 画面质量很高。 最棒的部分在于, 任何人都能轻松操作它。 我们的实验覆盖了 超过2500人, 连接了这个硬件的手机 和比它昂贵数倍, 并且难以运输的检测机 质量相近。
When we first moved to Kenya, we went with 150,000 dollars of equipment, a team of 15 people, and that was what was needed to deliver health care. Now, all that's needed is a single person on a bike with a smartphone. And it costs just 500 dollars. The issue of power supply is overcome by harnessing the power of solar. Our healthcare workers travel with a solar-powered rucksack which keeps the phone charged and backed up. Now we go to the patient rather than waiting for the patient never to come. We go to them in their homes and we give them the most comprehensive, high-tech, accurate examination, which can be delivered by anyone with minimal training. We can link global experts with people in the most rural, difficult-to-reach places that are beyond the end of the road, effectively putting those experts in their homes, allowing us to make diagnoses and make plans for treatment.
当我们刚搬到肯尼亚的时候, 我们带着价值15万美元的设备, 15人组成的团队, 来为这里的居民提供卫生保健。 现在,我们只需要 一个人 一辆自行车和一个智慧型手机。 这一切仅需500美元。 供电的问题也得到了解决 利用太阳能充电 我们的医务工作者携带 具有吸收太阳能功能的帆布背包, 这个包能够为手机充电, 提供备用电源。 这使得我们能够走近病人 为他们提供治疗, 而不是坐在那里等待着那些 可能永远也不会来寻求治疗的病人。 我们走进他们的家庭 我们为他们提供全面的, 高科技的精确检查, 提供这项服务的工作人员 仅需短期少量训练即可。 我们可以连线全球各地的专家, 为居住在乡村, 交通不便 甚至公路都不可到达的地区, 将专家送到他们家里, 让医生们能够做出诊断 并提供治疗计划。
Project managers, hospital directors, are able to search on our interface by any parameter they may be interested in. Here in Nakuru, where I've been living, we can search for people by whatever condition. Here are people who are blind from a curable condition cataract. Each red pin depicts somebody who is blind from a disease that is curable and treatable, and they're locatable. We can use bulk text messaging services to explain that we're coming to arrange a treatment.
项目经理,医院主管, 可以通过搜索我们的界面, 根据不同参数样本 选择感兴趣的病例。 在我居住的那库鲁, 我们可以搜索到 不同状况的病患。 这些病患 是因可治愈的白内障失明。 每个红色的大头针 表示某个失明的患者, 他们的失明是可治愈的, 他们的位置也很清楚地显示在这里。 我们可以通过文字信息系统 来告知我们即将前往并安排治疗。
What's more, we've learned that this is something that we haven't built just for the community but with the community. Those blue pins that drop represent elders, or local leaders, that are connected to those people who can ensure that we can find them and arrange treatment.
此外,我们发现 并非由我们为这个社群搭建 而是跟社群共同搭建的东西。 那些蓝色大头针所指的位置 标志着社群中的长者, 或者是当地领袖 那些能够联系到附近居民的人, 这些长者确保我们能够找到病患 安排治疗。
So for patients like Mama Wangari, who have been blind for over 10 years and never seen her grandchildren, for less than 40 dollars, we can restore her eyesight. This is something that has to happen. It's only in statistics that people go blind by the millions. The reality is everyone goes blind on their own. But now, they might just be a text message away from help.
像旺加里女士, 失明10年了, 她没看到过她的孙子们, 花费不超过40美元, 我们恢复了她的实力。 这是必须做到的。 即使统计数据显示 百万分之一的人才会失明, 但对于每个人来说, 失明就是失明了。 但现在,他们与得到诊治之间 只有一个短信的距离。
(Applause)
(掌声)
And now because live demos are always a bad idea, we're going to try a live demo.
即便现场演示总是效果不佳, 我们还是要现场展示给大家。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
So here we have the Peek Vision app. Okay, and what we're looking at here, this is Sam's optic nerve, which is a direct extension of her brain, so I'm actually looking at her brain as we look there. We can see all parts of the retina. It makes it possible to pick up diseases of the eye and of the body that would not be possible without access to the eye, and that clip-on device can be manufactured for just a few dollars, and people can be cured of blindness, and I think it says a lot about us as a human race if we've developed cures and we don't deliver them. But now we can.
我们正在使用“Peek Vision”应用程序。 好了,我们现在看到的是, 这是萨曼的视神经, 这是她大脑内部的直接延伸, 事实上正在看她的大脑内部。 我们可以看到整个视网膜。 这使得检测眼部疾病, 以及身体疾病 成为可能 不通过检查眼睛是无法做到的, 这个嵌入式的硬件 制作成本仅为几美元, 人们能够治愈失明, 这对于人类来说是很重要的。 我们研究出了治疗方法 却无法将治疗提供给患者。 但现在,我们做到了。
Thank you.
谢谢。
(Applause)
(掌声)