There are 39 million people in the world who are blind. Eighty percent of them are living in low-income countries such as Kenya, and the absolute majority do not need to be blind. They are blind from diseases that are either completely curable or preventable.
U svetu postoji 39 miliona ljudi koji su slepi. 80% njih živi u područjima sa niskim prihodima poput Kenije i apsolutna većina ne mora da bude slepa. Slepi su zbog oboljenja koja su ili potpuno izlečiva ili sprečiva.
Knowing this, with my young family, we moved to Kenya. We secured equipment, funds, vehicles, we trained a team, we set up a hundred clinics throughout the Great Rift Valley to try and understand a single question: why are people going blind, and what can we do?
Sa ovim saznanjem, sa mojom mladom porodicom, preselili smo se u Keniju. Obezbedili smo opremu, sredstva, vozila, obučili smo ekipu, osnovali stotine klinika širom Velike rasedne doline da pokušamo da razumemo jedno pitanje: zašto ljudi oslepljuju, i šta možemo da učinimo?
The challenges were great. When we got to where we were going, we set up our high-tech equipment. Power was rarely available. We'd have to run our equipment from petrol power generators. And then something occurred to me: There has to be an easier way, because it's the patients who are the most in need of access to eye care who are the least likely to get it.
Izazovi su bili veliki. Kada smo stigli do odredišta, postavili smo svoju visoko tehnološku opremu. Struja je bila retko dostupna. Morali smo da napajamo opremu preko generatora na naftu. I onda mi je nešto palo na pamet: mora da postoji lakši način, jer su pacijenti ti kojima najviše treba pristup nezi oka, a najmanje je verovatno da će je dobiti.
More people in Kenya, and in sub-Saharan Africa, have access to a mobile phone than they do clean running water. So we said, could we harness the power of mobile technology to deliver eye care in a new way? And so we developed Peek, a smartphone [system] that enables community healthcare workers and empowers them to deliver eye care everywhere. We set about replacing traditional hospital equipment, which is bulky, expensive and fragile, with smartphone apps and hardware that make it possible to test anyone in any language and of any age. Here we have a demonstration of a three-month-old having their vision accurately tested using an app and an eye tracker.
Više ljudi u Keniji i podsaharskoj Africi ima pristup mobilnom telefonu nego čistoj tekućoj vodi. Tako smo rekli, možemo li iskoristiti moć mobilne tehnologije da pružimo negu oka na novi način? Tako smo razvili "Peek", sistem za pametne telefone koji omogućava zdravstvene radnike iz zajednice i daje im mogućnost nege oka svuda. Tako smo krenuli da menjamo tradicionalnu bolničku opremu koja je kabasta, skupa i krhka, aplikacijama i hardverom za telefone koji omogućavaju da se testira svako na svakom jeziku i svake starosti. Ovde imamo demonstraciju preciznog testiranja vida na detetu od tri meseca, koristeći aplikaciju i uređaj za merenje pokreta oka.
We've got many trials going on in the community and in schools, and through the lessons that we've learned in the field, we've realized it's extremely important to share the data in non-medical jargon so that people understand what we're examining and what that means to them. So here, for example, we use our sight sim application, once your vision has been measured, to show carers and teachers what the visual world is like for that person, so they can empathize with them and help them.
Trenutno se dešava mnogo ispitivanja u zajednicama i školama, i kroz lekcije sa terena, shvatili smo da je veoma bitno da se podaci podele kroz nemedicinski žargon tako da ljudi razumeju šta ispitujemo i šta to znači za njih. Ovde, na primer, koristimo aplikaciju za simulaciju vida, jednom kada se vaš vid izmeri, da pokažemo starateljima i učiteljima kakav je vizualni svet za tu osobu, da mogu da saosećaju s njom i da joj pomognu.
Once we've discovered somebody has low vision, the next big challenge is to work out why, and to be able to do that, we need to have access to the inside of the eye. Traditionally, this requires expensive equipment to examine an area called the retina. The retina is the single part of the eye that has huge amounts of information about the body and its health. We've developed 3D-printed, low-cost hardware that comes in at less than five dollars to produce, which can then be clipped onto a smartphone and makes it possible to get views of the back of the eye of a very high quality. And the beauty is, anybody can do it. In our trials on over two and half thousand people, the smartphone with the add-on clip is comparable to a camera that is hugely more expensive and hugely more difficult to transport.
Jednom kada otkrijemo da je neko slabovid, sledeći veliki izazov je otkriti zašto, a da bismo mogli da uradimo to, moramo imati pristup unutrašnjosti oka. Ovo tradicionalno zahteva skupu opremu da se ispita deo oka koji se zove mrežnjača. Mrežnjača je jedan deo oka koji sadrži ogromne količine informacija o telu i njegovom zdravlju. Razvili smo hardver koji je štampan u 3D, koji je jeftin i čija proizvodnja košta manje od 5 dolara, i onda se može zakačiti na telefon i omogućava da se pregleda zadnji deo oka u veoma visokom kvalitetu. Prelepo je to što svako može to da uradi. U našim ispitivanjima sa preko 2 500 ljudi, telefon sa dodatim klipom može se porediti sa fotoaparatom koji je neizmerno skuplji i neizmerno teži za transportovanje.
When we first moved to Kenya, we went with 150,000 dollars of equipment, a team of 15 people, and that was what was needed to deliver health care. Now, all that's needed is a single person on a bike with a smartphone. And it costs just 500 dollars. The issue of power supply is overcome by harnessing the power of solar. Our healthcare workers travel with a solar-powered rucksack which keeps the phone charged and backed up. Now we go to the patient rather than waiting for the patient never to come. We go to them in their homes and we give them the most comprehensive, high-tech, accurate examination, which can be delivered by anyone with minimal training. We can link global experts with people in the most rural, difficult-to-reach places that are beyond the end of the road, effectively putting those experts in their homes, allowing us to make diagnoses and make plans for treatment.
Kada smo se doselili u Keniju, otišli smo sa opremom u vrednosti od 150 000 dolara, ekipom od 15 ljudi i to je bilo potrebno da se pruži zdravstvena nega. Sada je potrebna samo jedna osoba na biciklu sa telefonom. I to košta samo 500 dolara. Problem snabdevanja strujom se prevazilazi korišćenjem solarne energije. Naši radnici putuju sa rancem na solarnu energiju koji telefon održava punim. Sada odlazimo do pacijenta umesto da čekamo pacijenta koji nikad neće doći. Odlazimo do njih u njihove domove i pružamo im najobuhvatniji, visokotehnološki, precizni pregled koji može pružiti svako sa minimalnom obukom. Možemo da povežemo svetske stručnjake sa ljudima u najudaljenijim mestima do kojih je teško doći i koja su iza kraja puta, i bukvalno te eksperte dovodimo u njihove domove, što nam je dozvolilo da pravimo dijagnoze i planiramo lečenje.
Project managers, hospital directors, are able to search on our interface by any parameter they may be interested in. Here in Nakuru, where I've been living, we can search for people by whatever condition. Here are people who are blind from a curable condition cataract. Each red pin depicts somebody who is blind from a disease that is curable and treatable, and they're locatable. We can use bulk text messaging services to explain that we're coming to arrange a treatment.
Menadžeri projekata, direktori bolnica mogu da pretražuju kroz naš interfejs po bilo kom parametru koji ih interesuje. Ovde u Nakuru, gde ja živim, možemo da tražimo ljude po bilo kom oboljenju. Ovde su oni koji su slepi zbog izlečive bolesti katarakte. Svaka crvena tačka označava nekog ko je slep zbog izlečive bolesti koja može da se izleči, i možemo da ga nađemo. Možemo da koristimo masovne poruke da objasnimo da dolazimo da ugovorimo lečenje.
What's more, we've learned that this is something that we haven't built just for the community but with the community. Those blue pins that drop represent elders, or local leaders, that are connected to those people who can ensure that we can find them and arrange treatment.
Štaviše, saznali smo da je ovo nešto što nismo napravili samo za zajednicu, već sa zajednicom. Plave tačke predstavljaju lokalne starešine koje su povezane s tim ljudima i koji mogu da se postaraju da ih nađemo i ugovorimo lečenje.
So for patients like Mama Wangari, who have been blind for over 10 years and never seen her grandchildren, for less than 40 dollars, we can restore her eyesight. This is something that has to happen. It's only in statistics that people go blind by the millions. The reality is everyone goes blind on their own. But now, they might just be a text message away from help.
Za pacijente poput Mame Vangari, koji su slepi preko 10 godina i nikad nisu videli svoje unuke, za manje od 40 dolara, možemo da im vratimo vid. Ovo mora da se desi. Samo u statistici ljudi postaju slepi u milionima. U stvarnosti svako oslepi sam. Ali sada, od pomoći ih udaljava možda samo jedna SMS poruka.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
And now because live demos are always a bad idea, we're going to try a live demo.
A pošto su demonstracije uživo uvek loša zamisao, pokušaćemo upravo to.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
So here we have the Peek Vision app. Okay, and what we're looking at here, this is Sam's optic nerve, which is a direct extension of her brain, so I'm actually looking at her brain as we look there. We can see all parts of the retina. It makes it possible to pick up diseases of the eye and of the body that would not be possible without access to the eye, and that clip-on device can be manufactured for just a few dollars, and people can be cured of blindness, and I think it says a lot about us as a human race if we've developed cures and we don't deliver them. But now we can.
Ovo je aplikacija "Peek Vision". U redu, sada gledamo u Semin optički nerv, što je direktni produžetak njenog mozga, tako da zapravo gledam u njen mozak. Možemo da vidimo sve delove mrežnjače. Tako je moguće videti bolesti oka i tela koje inače ne bismo mogli bez pristupa oku, i ta sprava koja se kači može da se proizvede za samo nekoliko dolara i ljudi se mogu izlečiti od slepila, i mislim da o ljudskoj rasi govori dosta ako razvijemo lekove i ne dostavimo ih. Ali sada možemo.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)