(Music)
(Glazba)
These bees are in my backyard in Berkeley, California. Until last year, I'd never kept bees before, but National Geographic asked me to photograph a story about them, and I decided, to be able to take compelling images, I should start keeping bees myself. And as you may know, bees pollinate one third of our food crops, and lately they've been having a really hard time. So as a photographer, I wanted to explore what this problem really looks like. So I'm going to show you what I found over the last year.
Ove su pčele u mom dvorištu u Berkeleyu, Kalifornija. Do prošle godine, nisam nikad držao pčele, ali me National Geographic pitao da napravim fotografsku priču o njima. i ja sam odlučio, kako bih mogao napraviti neodoljive slike trebam sam uzgajati pčele. I kao što znate pčele oprašuju jednu trećinu naših prehrambenih usjeva i u posljednje vrijeme im je teško. Tako sam kao fotograf htio istražiti kako taj problem zapravo izgleda. Zato ću vam pokazati što sam otkrio prošle godine
This furry little creature is a fresh young bee halfway emerged from its brood cell, and bees right now are dealing with several different problems, including pesticides, diseases, and habitat loss, but the single greatest threat is a parasitic mite from Asia, Varroa destructor. And this pinhead-sized mite crawls onto young bees and sucks their blood. This eventually destroys a hive because it weakens the immune system of the bees, and it makes them more vulnerable to stress and disease.
Ovo malo dlakavo stvorenje je svježa mlada pčela napola izašla iz svoje stanice legla i pčele se sada suočavaju sa nekoliko različitih problema uključujući pesticide, bolesti i gubljenje staništa. ali najveća prijetnja im je parazitski moljac iz Azije, Varroa destructor. I ovaj moljac veličine vrha igle napada mlade pčele i sisa im krv. To na kraju uništi košnicu zato što oslabljuje imunološki su stav pčela, i čini ih osjetljivijima na stres i bolesti.
Now, bees are the most sensitive when they're developing inside their brood cells, and I wanted to know what that process really looks like, so I teamed up with a bee lab at U.C. Davis and figured out how to raise bees in front of a camera. I'm going to show you the first 21 days of a bee's life condensed into 60 seconds.
Pčele su najosjetljivije kada se razvijaju unutar svoje stanice legla i htio sam znati kako taj proces zapravo izgleda pa sam se udružio sa labaratorijem za pčele u U.C.Davisu i otkrio kako uzgojiti pčelu ispred kamere. Pokazat ću vam prvih 21 dana u životu pčele sažetih u 60 sekundi.
This is a bee egg as it hatches into a larva, and those newly hatched larvae swim around their cells feeding on this white goo that nurse bees secrete for them. Then, their head and their legs slowly differentiate as they transform into pupae. Here's that same pupation process, and you can actually see the mites running around in the cells. Then the tissue in their body reorganizes and the pigment slowly develops in their eyes. The last step of the process is their skin shrivels up and they sprout hair. (Music)
Ovo je jajašce pčele koje se liježe u larvu. i te novosnesene larve plivaju unutar svojih stanica hraneći se bijelom smjesom koju pčele dadilje izlučuju za njih. Zatim se njihova glava i noge polako diferenciraju kada se preoblikuju u kukuljice. Ovdje je taj isti proes zakukuljivanja i možete vidjeti moljce kako se kreću okolo u stanicama. Zatim se tkivo u njihovom tijelu reorganizira i polako se razvija pigment u njihovim očima. Zadnji korak u procesu je smežuravanje njihove kože i izrastanje dlake. (Glazba)
So -- (Applause)
Stoga -- (Pljesak)
As you can see halfway through that video, the mites were running around on the baby bees, and the way that beekeepers typically manage these mites is they treat their hives with chemicals. In the long run, that's bad news, so researchers are working on finding alternatives to control these mites.
Kao što možete vidjeti tijekom polovice tog vide a moljci su se kretali okolo na mladim pčelama, i način na koji su pčelari uglavnom tretirali te moljce je tretiranje košnica sa kemikalijama. Na duže vrijeme, to su loše vijesti, pa istraživaći rade na pronalasku alternativa za obuzdavanje tih moljaca.
This is one of those alternatives. It's an experimental breeding program at the USDA Bee Lab in Baton Rouge, and this queen and her attendant bees are part of that program.
Ovo je jedna od tih alternativa. To je eksperimentalni program uzgoja na USDA labaratoriju pčela u Baton Rougeu i ova matica i pčele oko nje su dio ovog programa
Now, the researchers figured out that some of the bees have a natural ability to fight mites, so they set out to breed a line of mite-resistant bees. This is what it takes to breed bees in a lab. The virgin queen is sedated and then artificially inseminated using this precision instrument. Now, this procedure allows the researchers to control exactly which bees are being crossed, but there's a tradeoff in having this much control. They succeeded in breeding mite-resistant bees, but in that process, those bees started to lose traits like their gentleness and their ability to store honey, so to overcome that problem, these researchers are now collaborating with commercial beekeepers. This is Bret Adee opening one of his 72,000 beehives. He and his brother run the largest beekeeping operation in the world, and the USDA is integrating their mite-resistant bees into his operation with the hope that over time, they'll be able to select the bees that are not only mite-resistant but also retain all of these qualities that make them useful to us.
Istraživači su otkrili da neke od ovih pčela imaju prirodnu sposobnost borbe protiv moljaca pa su krenuli u uzgoj linije pčela otpornih na moljca Evo što je potrebno za uzgoj pčela u labaratoriju Maticu koja je djevica se umiri i zatim ju se umjetno osjemenjuje koristeći ovaj precizni instrument Ovaj postupak omogućava istraživačima da kontroliraju koje će točno pčele križati ali postoji nedostatak u posjedovanju tolike kontrole Oni su uspjeli u uzgoju pčela otpornih na moljca, ali u tom postupku, te pčele su počele gubiti osobine poput njihove nježnosti i mogućnosti skladištenja meda Da bi riješili taj problem ovi istraživači sada surađuju sa pčelarima trgovcima. Ovdje Bret Adee otvara jednu od svojih 72.000 košnica. On i njegov brat vode najveću operaciju očuvanja pčela u svijetu, i USDA integrira svoje pčele otporne na moljce u njihovu operaciju s nadom da će tokom vremena, biti u mogućnosti odabrati pčele koje ne samo da su otporne na moljca nego i zadržavaju sve svoje kvalitete koje su nama korisne.
And to say it like that makes it sound like we're manipulating and exploiting bees, and the truth is, we've been doing that for thousands of years. We took this wild creature and put it inside of a box, practically domesticating it, and originally that was so that we could harvest their honey, but over time we started losing our native pollinators, our wild pollinators, and there are many places now where those wild pollinators can no longer meet the pollination demands of our agriculture, so these managed bees have become an integral part of our food system.
I kada to tako kažem zvuči kao da manipuliramo i iskorištavamo pčele, a istina je, da to radimo već tisućama godina Uzimamo ovo divlje stvorenje i stavljamo unutar kutije, praktički ga pripitomljujemo, i u početku je to bilo s namjerom da prikupljamo njihov med ali s vremenom počeli smo gubiti naše autohtone oprašivače. naše divlje oprašivače, i danas postoje mnoga mjesta gdje ti divlji oprašivači ne mogu izvršiti oprašivanje koje je potrebno za našu poljoprivredu, pa su te uzgojene pčele postale sastavni dio našeg prehrambenog sustava.
So when people talk about saving bees, my interpretation of that is we need to save our relationship to bees, and in order to design new solutions, we have to understand the basic biology of bees and understand the effects of stressors that we sometimes cannot see. In other words, we have to understand bees up close.
Pa kada ljudi govore o očuvanju pčela moje tumačenje toga je da moramo sačuvati našu vezu sa pčelama i kako bi izradili nova rješenja, moramo razumjeti osnovnu biologiju pčela i razumjeti učinke stresora koje nekad ne možemo vidjeti Drugim riječima, moramo jako dobro razumjeti pčele.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)