Stephanie Busari: President Ameenah, thank you for joining us. Even as TED speakers go, you're something of an overachiever.
史帝芬妮布莎莉(以下簡稱「史」) :雅米娜總統,謝謝你加入我們。 就算以 TED 的講者來說, 你也算是個高成就者。
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim: (Laughs)
雅米娜古瑞柏法金 (以下簡稱「雅」):(笑聲)
SB: You have a PhD in organic chemistry, you were vice chancellor of the University of Mauritius, a successful entrepreneur, you've won numerous awards for your work in science and you're the first Muslim female head of state in Africa.
史:你擁有有機化學的博士學位, 你是模里西斯大學的副校長, 一名成功的企業家, 你的科學研究得過多個獎項, 且你是非洲國家中 第一位女性穆斯林領袖。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
And of course, you're no stranger to the TEDGlobal stage; you gave a talk in 2014. Did you have any political ambitions at that time? How did you go from academic to president?
當然你對 TEDGlobal 舞台並不陌生; 2014 年你來演講過。 那時你有任何政治野心嗎? 你是怎麼從學者變成總統的?
AGF: OK, thanks, Stephanie. First of all, I'd like to thank TED for having given me the opportunity to be here today. And I would also like to thank the government of Tanzania and the president for the welcome. And also, I'd like to thank the contribution of our consul, Mr. Rizvi, who's here, has been very supportive for all our stay here. Now, to answer your question, did I have any ambitions in politics? The straight answer is no. I did not choose the world of politics; the world of politics chose me. So here I am.
雅:好,謝謝,史帝芬妮。 首先,我要謝謝 TED, 給我機會讓我今天能在這裡。 我也想謝謝坦尚尼亞的政府 以及總統給我的歡迎。 我也要謝謝我們的領事 雷茲維先生的貢獻, 他也在現場, 他很支持我們在此停留。 對於你剛才的問題, 我之前有任何對政治的野心嗎? 直接的答案是,沒有。 我並沒有選擇政治世界; 政治世界選擇了我。 所以,我就在這裡了。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
SB: So, was there ever anything in your journey that ever made you think that one day you would become president of your country? Did you ever imagine that?
史:那麼,在你的旅程中, 有沒有什麼會讓你想到 有一天你會成為你國家的總統? 你可曾想像過?
AGF: Absolutely not. I think the journey started immediately after TED, actually. When I went back, this journalist called me and said, "You know, your name has been cited for the president of the republic," I said, "Ma'am, you must be mistaken, because I have no ambition whatsoever." She said, "No, it's serious. Can you come and tell me this in the form of a declaration? So, OK, you'll come?" So, of course, as good journalists go, the next day I see my TED picture and, with my name, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, "For president?" A very small interrogation mark -- and people don't see the interrogation mark, they just see my name and they see my picture.
雅:完全沒有。 我想,這段旅程其實是在 TED 之後就立即開始了。 我回去之後,有個記者 打電話給我,並說: 「你知道嗎,在談到共和國總統時, 你的名字被提及了。」 我說:「女士,你一定搞錯了, 因為我一點野心也沒有。」 她說:「不,我是認真的。 你能不能來一趟, 並用聲明的方式告訴我此事? 所以,好,你會來吧?」 所以,當然,就好記者而言, 隔天,我看到我的 TED 照片, 加上我的名字,雅米娜古瑞柏法金, 「競選總統?」 那個問號非常小, 而人們沒有看到那個問號, 他們只看到我的名字、我的照片。
And that was a sounding board. And again, as you have just said, it was a very interesting scenario because it was a scenario where they wanted to have somebody who was credible, had this political neutrality and at the same time, was for a minority because Islam is a minority religion in Mauritius, because in Mauritius, we stratify people's origins by virtue of their religious belief. And -- I was a woman. So this made it all very interesting.
以及這是一個宣傳招數。 同樣的,如你剛說的, 那是個非常有趣的局面, 因為在這個局面中,他們想要有個 可信的人, 有政治中立性, 同時,又是為了弱勢, 因為伊斯蘭在模里西斯是弱勢宗教, 因為在模里西斯, 我們是用人們的宗教信仰 來將他們的出身做分層。 而且我是女性。 所以,這讓局面非常有趣。
So there we go, and this whole campaign started, and then people said, "Why not?" Now, this is very important to note, Stephanie, because normally, the president is elected after the election. And here we had a scenario where the name of the president was flagged before the election process, during the campaign. So when people voted, they knew that at some point, they would have this Muslim woman president.
所以,就這樣, 整個競選活動就開始了, 人們說:「為什麼不?」 史帝芬妮,這點是很重要的, 因為,一般來說, 總統是在選舉之後才選出。 而這裡,我們的局面是, 在選舉過程之前,在競選 活動中,就有總統的名字 被搖旗吶喊。 所以當人民在投票時,他們知道, 在某個時點,他們會 有個穆斯林女總統。
SB: Does it feel significant to you as a woman to be the first female president of your country?
史:身為女性,你覺得成為 你的國家的第一位 女總統是很重要的嗎?
AGF: It's important for many reasons. I think, obviously, you just mentioned the terrible statistics of two female presidents in the whole of Africa. But more importantly, I think it's important also coming from the background I come from -- by background I mean not ethnic, but more academic and entrepreneurial -- to be there, to be that role model for that little girl growing in my village to say, "Yes, it's possible." It's possible.
雅:很重要,理由有好幾個。 很明顯,你剛剛提到 很糟糕的統計數字, 整個非洲只有兩位女性總統。 但,更重要的, 我認為來自什麼背景也很重要。 我說的背景並不是指種族背景, 而是指學術和企業背景。 在那裡, 做為我村落裡成長中女孩的典範, 說:「是,是有可能的。」 是有可能的。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
It's also important, Stephanie, while I talk about diversity -- diversity in the widest sense of the word. We've seen that whenever there was diversity, whenever there was openness, whenever there was dialogue, this was the time when societies have been most productive. When we talk about the Arab Golden Age, we cannot not think of Ibn Sina, al-Haytham, Averroes, Maimonides. This was a time when cultures, religions -- they were talking to each other. They were at peace with each other. And this was a time when they were highly productive. So I would say: bring down these walls.
史帝芬妮,我談到的 多樣性也很重要。 用這個字最廣義的定義。 我們看到,有多樣性存在的時候, 有開放性存在的時候, 有對話存在的時候, 就是社會最有生產力的時候。 當我們談到伊斯蘭黃金時代, 我們不能不想到伊本西那、 海什木、 伊本魯世德、 邁蒙尼德。 在這個時代,文化、區域 在彼此交談, 和平共存。 在這個時代,它們的生產力非常高。 所以我會說:推倒這些牆。
SB: Absolutely, absolutely.
史:絕對是,絕對是。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
AGF: Virtual or otherwise.
雅:不論實質或虛擬的牆。
SB: Let's also talk about another conflict area which you straddle quite interestingly. As a woman of faith and also a scientist, you know, faith and science seem to be at loggerheads. It wasn't always so, but I'm interested to get your thoughts on how you reconcile both and how they coexist for you personally.
史:咱們也來談談另一個衝突領域, 你也以很有意思的方式跨立的領域。 身為有信仰的女人以及科學家, 你知道的,信仰和科學 似乎是在相爭的。 不見得總是如此, 但我想了解你的想法, 你如何調解兩者、 對你個人而言兩者如何共存?
AGF: They're not mutually exclusive. I mean, if you're a scientist, you tend to really look at the perfection of the human body, the way it functions. If you look at nature as a whole. I'm still amazed at the perfection with which the entire ecosystem functions together. However, to the purists, to those who are of faith, they will tell you, "Yes, there has been evolution." Even the Pope has agreed that evolution exists. But there's always the question: What came first? What came before this? When we talk about all the various strata of evolution, we'll always be asking the question, there must be something before. So I'm of the opinion that yes, there is this great spiritual force which is guiding the process, and things like this don't happen by chance. Now, whether you call it religiosity, whether you call this great spirit by any name -- Brahma, Allah, the Holy Trinity -- you name it -- but I still think that these two are not mutually exclusive. They can still coexist with each other.
雅:它們並非相斥的。 我的意思是,如果你是科學家, 你傾向會去看人類身體的完美, 看它怎麼運作。 如果你去看整個大自然。 我還是會對那完美感到驚訝, 整個生態系統一起運作的那種完美。 然而,對純粹主義者, 對那些有信仰的人而言, 他們會告訴你: 「是的,有發生過演化。」 即使教皇也同意演化是存在的。 但總是會有這個問題:什麼先發生? 在這之前是什麼? 當我們談到演化的所有各層時, 總會問這個問題, 之前一定還有什麼。 我的意見是,是的, 的確有偉大的靈性力量 在引導整個過程, 像這樣的事物不會偶然發生。 不論你是否稱之為篤信宗教, 不論你用任何名稱 來稱呼這個偉大的靈性── 梵天、阿拉、三位一體, 任何你想得到的── 我仍然認為,這兩者是不相斥的。 它們仍然能彼此共存。
SB: So let's move to one of your passions -- science. You've made no secret of that. And you've always been passionate about science. I read that when you were a very young girl, you went to a career guidance counselor and told them you wanted to become a chemist, and they said, "No, it's for boys. Boys do science." Did that make you even more determined to study science and to succeed in that field? How did you respond to that?
史:咱們接著來談你熱衷的「科學」。 你完全不保密, 你一直都對科學很有熱忱。 我讀到,當你還是個小女孩時, 你去找一個職涯指導顧問, 告訴他們你想要當化學家, 他們說:「不行,那是男生做的。 男生才做科學。」 那是否讓你更堅決要研讀科學, 並在那個領域中成功? 你對那件事的反應是什麼?
AGF: Well, to begin with, I must say, before I came to that career guidance officer, I had great teachers who motivated. And this is something I would like to draw attention to again, to our education system. We have to do away with this rote learning. We have to ensure that we drive this curiosity in the child, and they need to be curious. And if we want to move along the line for them to become great scientists, they need to become more and more curious in everything they do.
雅:嗯,首先, 我必須說,我去找 那位職涯指導員之前, 我有過很棒的老師, 他們一直激勵著我。 我想要把注意力再次拉到這裡, 我們的教育體制。 我們得要停止死記硬背的學習。 我們得要確保我們能 驅動孩童的好奇心, 他們必須要有好奇心。 如果我們想要在這個過程中 讓他們能變成偉大的科學家, 他們必須要對他們 所做的一切都更好奇。
So every time -- exactly -- I went to see the careers guidance, he looked at me and said, "What do you want to do?" I said, "I want to study chemistry." "Well, you shouldn't study chemistry because this is for boys. And the next thing, when you come back, there'll be no job for you." So I went back home, and I had a great cheerleader at home who happens to be my father. He said, "What do you want to do?" and asked, "What did he say?" I said, "This is what he said ..." He said, "What are you going to do?" I said, "I'm going to do chemistry." So there I was. And one thing I will say: one must always follow your heart. And my heart was always in chemistry. I did what I was passionate about, and I thought at some point that I had developed this thinking that if you're passionate about what you do, you will not have to work a single day in your life, until I realized it was Confucius who said that.
所以每一次我去找職涯指導員時, 他會看著我然後說: 「你想要做什麼?」 我說:「我想讀化學。」 「嗯,你不該讀化學, 因為那是男生讀的。 接下來,當你回來時, 就沒有給你做的工作了。」 所以我返回家, 我家裡有個很棒的 支持者,就是我老爸。 他對我說:「你想要做什麼?」 並問:「他說什麼?」 我說:「這就是他說的…」 他說:「你打算怎麼做?」 我說:「我要做化學。」 所以我就去了。 我要說一件事: 你必須要跟著你的心走。 我的心一直在化學。 我做了我熱愛的事, 在某個時點,我發展出了這個想法: 如果你熱愛你所做的事, 你人生當中的每一天都不需要工作, 後來我才知道這是孔子說的。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
SB: So do you feel a responsibility, as someone in your position, to encourage young girls, especially on this continent, to study STEM subjects? Is that something that you actively work --
史:坐在這個職位上, 你是否感到有責任 要去鼓勵年輕女孩, 特別是在這塊大陸上, 鼓勵她們研讀科學、技術、 工程、數學這類的科目? 你是否會主動去努力做像這樣的事?
AGF: You know, over the past two days, Stephanie, we've been hearing a lot of conversation about the sustainable development goals. We've seen that, for example, Africa must be food secure, Africa must be energy secure, Africa must be water secure. If we want to get to that level of development -- Agenda 2030 is not very far away -- if you want to have success, we need to have an educated youth in Africa. And again, to be very cliché: you cannot achieve, you cannot win a football match, if you're going to leave 52 percent of the team outside. It's not possible.
雅:在過去兩天,史帝芬妮, 我們聽到了很多關於 永續發展目標的談話。 比如,我們了解到 非洲需要有糧食保障。 非洲需要有能源保障。 非洲需要有水保障。 如果我們想要達到那種程度的發展, 2030 議程並不是那麼遙遠, 如果你想要成功, 在非洲我們必須有受教育的年輕人。 同樣的,這是老調了: 你無法達到成功,你無法贏一場足球賽, 如果你打算把 52% 的隊員留在場外 是不可能贏的。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
SB: Yes.
史:是的。
AGF: So we need highly educated, we need female intuition, and we need to get them there. And this is where a great deal of effort has to be done to actually motivate them from a very young age, to tell that girl that she can do anything. And if the message comes from her father, if the message comes from her brother, it's even much more powerful. We need to tell her that anything is possible and she can do it. We need to build her self-confidence from a very early age, but more importantly, we also need to actually look at the books, because there are too many stereotypes.
雅:所以我們需要高度受教育的, 我們需要女性直覺, 我們需要做到這些。 在這裡需要花很多的功夫, 才能在孩童很小的時候 便去激勵他們, 告訴那個女孩,她可以做到任何事。 如果這個訊息是來自她的父親, 如果這個訊息是來自她的哥哥, 它會更強大更有力。 我們需要告訴她,什麼都有可能, 且她辦得到。 我們需要在她很小的時候 就建立她的自信, 更重要的是 我們也要仔細觀察書本裡的東西, 因為書中存在太多刻板的成見。
Last year, I was very shocked when I went to a debate on Women's Day. They had a survey, and they were asking these girls how many women inventors we have, how many women scientists do we have. And you'd be shocked that hardly anyone knew that Ada Lovelace was there behind computer science, that Marie Curie still remains iconic with two Nobel prizes. So there's a lot of homework to do to actually make -- to remove all these gender biases at a very young age; instill that confidence in that girl; to tell her that she can do as well if not better than her brother.
去年,我去一場關於婦女節 的辯論時感到十分震驚。 他們有項調查, 他們去詢問女孩,我們 有多少女性發明家、 有多少女性科學家。 你會覺得很震驚,幾乎沒有人知道 愛達·勒芙蕾絲 是電腦科學領域的先驅, 居禮夫人是贏得 兩項諾貝爾獎的指標人物。 還有很多功課要做,才能真的讓── 才能在非常小的年紀 就將這些性別偏見除去; 讓那個小女孩能夠有信心; 告訴她,她可以做得 和她哥哥一樣好,甚至更好。
SB: Yes.
史:是的。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Thank you.
謝謝。
So, let's move on to an area that I know you've been very active in, which is the issue of biodiversity. You've been quite clear that this is an area that Africa must embrace. We have an abundance of rich herbal traditions and plants that could be developed into a big pharmaceutical industry. Can you tell us a little bit of how you've been using your expertise to harness growth in this area?
咱們再接著談下一個領域, 我知道你在這個領域一直很活躍, 也就是關於生物多樣性的議題。 你非常清楚知道, 非洲必須要擁抱這個領域。 我們有很豐富的草藥傳統和植物, 可以發展成很大的藥品業。 你能否和我們談談, 你過去如何在這個領域中 使用你的專長來幫助成長?
AGF: Thank you. Yesterday, I was listening to one of the talks; it was the talk about the need for Africa to turn into a knowledge economy. Africa has got very rich traditions. Sub-Saharan Africa, southern Africa, has got over 5,000 medicinal plant species, not harnessed. And, in fact, at the TED talk I gave in 2014, I came out with one sentence: "Biodiversity underpins life on earth." And if we don't look after this biodiversity, if we don't protect it, if we don't actually harness it in the right way, we are threatening our own livelihoods on this planet. When we talk about the contribution from countries of the north to the Green Fund for the protection of our planet, it is not charity. It is to ensure our own collective livelihoods on this planet. So this is something that must be addressed.
雅:謝謝。 昨天,我在聽其中一場演說; 那場演說是關於非洲需要 轉變成為一個知識經濟體。 非洲有非常豐富的傳統。 撒哈拉以南非洲,非洲南部, 有超過五千種的醫療用植物品種 都還沒被利用。 事實上,在 2014 年 我來 TED 做的演說中, 我說出了一句話: 「生物多樣性加強了 地球上之生命的基礎。」 如果我們不好好照顧這生物多樣性, 如果我們不保護它, 如果我們不用正確的方式來利用它, 我們就會威脅到我們 自己在地球上的生計。 我們談到北方國家對於綠色氣候基金 做出貢獻,來保護我們的星球, 那並不是慈善事業, 那是要保障我們自己 在地球上的集體生計。 所以這是必須要處理的事情。
Now, again, when you talk about getting this biodiversity of Africa working for us, you'd be shocked to know that out of the 1,100 blockbuster drugs that we have on the market, only 83 come from African plants. Why is this so? Because we are responsible; us Africans. We don't value our own traditional knowledge. We don't give it the same status as allopathic medicine. Look at what China has done. China has given the same status for traditional Chinese medicine as allopathic medicine, as of 2016. Our governments, our people, have not documented, have not taken this knowledge seriously. If you want to get serious about Africa becoming a knowledge continent, this is something that we need to address very seriously, we need to start documenting, we need to start codifying this knowledge, and unfortunately, we are racing against time because tradition in Africa is that the transmission has always been oral. So we need to get our act together and make it happen.
同樣的,當談到要讓 非洲的生物多樣性對我們有用處, 你會很震驚,因為 我們在市場上有 1,100 種暢銷藥物, 當中只有 83 種是來自非洲植物。 為什麼會這樣? 因為我們要負責, 我們非洲人 不珍視自己的傳統知識, 我們沒把它和現代醫學平等地看待。 看看中國所做的, 中國給予傳統中藥和現代醫學的藥物 同等的地位, 始於 2016 年。 我們的政府、我們的人民 一直沒有做記錄, 沒有認真看待這項知識。 如果是認真地想要讓 非洲變成是知識大陸, 這就是我們得要嚴肅處理的議題, 我們要開始做記錄, 我們要開始把這項知識編成法典, 不幸的是,我們在和時間賽跑, 因為在非洲,傳統上的傳播方式 一直都是用口頭的。 所以我們得要開始行動,讓它實現。
SB: So there's really a sense of urgency around this.
史:這方面真的是有種緊急感。
AGF: Yes.
雅:是的。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
SB: And have you done anything yourself in respect to documenting --
史:關於記錄這方面, 你自己有做什麼嗎?
AGF: Yes, I definitely did. When I started my career in academia, one of the first things I did was I documented precisely these plants. And I'll tell you one thing -- it was not perceived to be very serious, because here I was, in synthetic organic chemistry, going out there, talking to these grandmothers, documenting their recipes. I mean, you can't be serious -- bringing weeds in the lab, and say, "We're going to be working on these." Are we going to get results? So it was really a race against prejudice to try to take people's -- bring them to the table and say, "Look, this is very important." But I'm glad I did, because by that time, you start developing a crocodile skin, especially when you're a woman in the lab doing different things. You know -- you become suspect. So I documented it; I'm very happy I did. And now, almost 20 years since the documentation, it now constitutes prior art, and is now very well-documented at WIPO, and it is now the information which, subsequently, my company actually started working on as well.
雅:有,絕對有。 當我開始在學術界的職涯, 我最早做的其中一件事 就是精確記錄這些植物。 我可以告訴你,一直以來 「紀錄」這件事沒被認真看待。 因為我做合成有機化學, 去外面和老太太們對談, 記錄她們的處方。 我的意思是,你可不能當真 只把這些野草帶進實驗室, 說:「我們要來研究這些。」 我們會得到結果嗎? 所以這是在和偏見賽跑, 試著把人們的── 請人們坐下來,對他們說: 「聽著,這很重要。」 但我很高興我做了, 因為那時,你開始開發鱷魚皮膚, 特別是當你是實驗室中 的女性,在做不同的事。 你知道-你會帶著很多疑問。 所以我記錄了它;我很高興我做了。 現在,離記錄那時已經快二十年了, 它現在成了先前技術, 現在在世界智慧財產權組織 做了很好的記錄, 它也是後來我的公司 真的開始研究的資訊。
SB: So, I watched you in the makeup room taking selfies with the makeup artist, and just being generally very accessible. And it strikes me that you're not the kind of typical, big-man, African leader. You seem very --
史:我看到你在化妝室時, 和化妝師拍自拍照, 就是非常平易近人。 我有點吃驚, 因為你不是那種典型的 大男人非洲領導人。 你似乎非常──
AGF: You just demoted me. You called me a man.
雅:你剛剛把我降級了,稱我為男人。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
SB: I mean your style --
史:我是指你的風格──
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Your style seems to be very accessible and quite unassuming. So is this -- I mean, people tend to ask women leaders if their gender has a bearing on the way they rule, or the way they lead. Does that apply to you?
你的風格似乎非常友善 且很不愛出風頭。 所以這是── 我的意思是,人們 傾向會問女性領導人 她們的性別是否會和 她們治國的方式有關聯, 或和她們領導的方式有關。 這適用在你身上嗎?
AGF: You know, I've never taken myself seriously.
雅:你知道,我從來 不會嚴肅看待我自己。
SB: OK. That's good.
史:好,那很好。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
AGF: I still don't. And I don't think you should take yourself seriously. You need to have trust in what you can do, have confidence in yourself and give yourself a set of goals and just work towards them. So the goal I've given myself is, OK, I'm leading my third life -- because I've been an academic, I've been an entrepreneur, now I'm here. I'm hoping to have a fourth life. So put these to work for the continent. And this is why I have chosen to give my voice to so many initiatives that would help the youth of Africa become tech-savvy, become science-savvy, because as I said earlier on, up until they get to grips with science, with whatever is around -- media, technology, you name it, all calls for a good grounding in science, technology and innovation. I think we'll be here, 10 years, 20 years down the line, having the same conversation.
雅:現在也一樣。 我不認為你應該要嚴肅地看待你自己。 你需要相信自己能做事, 對你自己有信心, 給你自己一組目標, 只管朝目標前進。 所以我給自己的目標是, 好,我在過我第三個人生── 因為我曾有學術人生, 我有企業家人生,現在我在這裡。 我希望會有第四個人生。 所以,要讓這些能在非洲大陸實現。 這就是為什麼我選擇 要為這麼多計畫發聲, 這些計畫能協助 非洲的年輕人知曉科技、 知曉科學, 因為我先前說過, 除非他們能夠掌握科學, 不論用身邊的什麼東西, 媒體、技術、你想得到的都可以, 都需要在科學、技術、 創新上有很好的基礎。 我想再十年或二十年, 我們將會在這裡, 做同樣的對談。
SB: Let's talk quickly about the challenges of leadership and governance. It's hard to ignore that there's corruption on this continent with some of our leaders. How have you confronted that in your role, and what experiences can you share with us around this issue?
史:咱們再快速談一下關於 領導和治理的挑戰。 這塊大陸上,我們的一些 領導人有貪腐的行為, 這點很難忽略。 以你的角色,你要如何面對? 關於這個議題,你有什麼 經驗可以和我們分享?
AGF: We've had corruption -- corruption doesn't exist only in Africa. Where there is a corruptee, there is a corrupter. Right? It's always a two-way process. We have focused in my country, we are working very hard towards doing something about corruption, but, you know, they also have great people in Africa. Why do we always focus on the negative? Why don't we talk about ... I want to bring on board, for example, the great quotes of Nelson Mandela. His legacy is still very much alive. We have people in -- even in Tanzania, we've had Julius Nyerere, he have Nkrumah, we have Kenyatta, we have all these people who have been champions of Africa. I think we need to take pages of their book and see. In fact, Julius Nyerere himself had been a great advocate for science when he said that "science will make deserts bloom." So these are some of the founding fathers of this continent; we need to take pages from them and move ahead.
雅:我們一直有貪腐, 貪腐不是非洲才有。 有受賄者的地方就會有行賄者。 對嗎?它一直都是雙向的過程。 在我的國家,我們有在注意這事, 我們非常努力要來處理貪腐, 但,你知道,在非洲也有很好的人。 為什麼我們都把焦點放在負面? 我們為什麼不談談── 比如,我想引用 納爾遜曼德拉很棒的引述。 他的遺產仍然活著。 我們有些人在──甚至在坦尚尼亞, 我們有朱利葉斯尼雷爾、 我們有恩克魯瑪、 我們有甘耶達、 我們有所有這些 出類拔萃的非洲人。 我想我們得要去效法他們。 事實上,朱利葉斯尼雷爾 自己就很擁護科學, 他說:「科學會讓沙漠也能開花。」 他們都是這塊大陸的一些開國元勛; 我們需要向他們學習, 並向前走。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
SB: Thank you very much, President Fakim.
史:非常謝謝你,法金總統。
AGF: Thank you.
雅:謝謝你。
(Applause)
(掌聲)