We're going to talk -- my -- a new lecture, just for TED -- and I'm going show you some illusions that we've created for TED, and I'm going to try to relate this to happiness. What I was thinking about with happiness is, what gives happiness -- or happiness, which I equate with joy in my particular area, and I think there's something very fundamental. And I was thinking about this. And it's in terms of both illusions and movies that we go see and jokes and magic shows is that there's something about these things where our expectations are violated in some sort of pleasing way. You go see a movie. And it has an unexpected twist -- something that you didn't expect -- and you find a joyful experience. You look at those sort of illusions in my book and it's not as what you'd expect. And there's something joyful about it. And it's the same thing with jokes and all these sorts of things. So, what I'm going to try and do in my lecture is go a little bit further and see if I can violate your expectations in a pleasing way. I mean, sometimes expectations that are violated are not pleasant, but I'm going to try to do it in a pleasant way, in a very primal way, so I can make the audience here happy.
Pričat ćemo o mom novom predavanju, samo za TED -- i ja ću vam pokazati neke iluzije koje smo kreirali za TED i pokušat ću ih povezati sa srećom. Što sam mislio pod tim „sa srećom“ jest, pružiti sreću -- ili sreća, koju izjednačavam s radošću u svom specifičnom području i mislim da je tu nešto vrlo fundamentalno. Razmišljao sam o ovome. To u smislu i za iluzije i filmove koje idemo gledati, viceve, magičarske predstave jest da postoji nešto oko tih stvari gdje su nam očekivanja narušena na neki zadovoljavajući način. Odete pogledati film. I on ima neočekivani obrat -- nešto što niste očekivali -- i vama je to divno iskustvo. Gledate takve vrste luzija u mojoj knjizi i to nije nešto što biste očekivali. I nešto je zadovoljavajuće u tome. Ista je stvar i s vicevima i svim drugim sličnim stvarima. Dakle, ono što ću pokušati napraviti i što radim na svom predavanju jest otići malo dalje i vidjeti mogu li narušiti vaša očekivanja na zadovoljavajući način. Mislim, ponekad narušena očekivanja nisu ugodna, ali ja ću to pokušati napraviti na ugodan način, na vrlo jednostavan način kako bih usrećio publiku koja je ovdje.
So I'm going to show you some ways that we can violate your expectations. First of all, I want to show you the particular illusion here. I want you first of all when it pops up on the screen to notice that the two holes are perpendicular to each other. These are all perceptual tricks. These are real objects that I'm going to show you. Now I'm going to show you how it is done. I've looped the film here so you can get a very interesting experience. I want you to see how this illusion is constructed, and it's going to rotate so you see that it's inside out. Now watch, as it rotates back, how quickly your perception snaps. OK now. Watch it as it rotates back again. And this is a very bright audience, all right? See if you can stop it from happening, even though you know 100 percent it's true that -- bam! You can't undo it. What does that tell you about yourselves? We're going to do it again. No doubt about it. See if you can stop it from happening. No. It's difficult.
Sada ću vam pokazati neke načine na koje mogu narušiti vaša očekivanja. Prije svega, želim vam pokazati određenu iluziju ovdje. Želim da vi, prije svega, kada se pojavi na ekranu, primijetite da su dvije rupe okomite jedna na drugu. Sve su ovo trikovi percepcije. Ovo su stvarni objekti koje ću vam pokazati. Sada ću vam pokazati kako se to radi. Zaustavio sam film ovdje kako biste doživjeli nešto vrlo zanimljivo. Želim da vidite kako je iluzija konstruirana; i rotirat će se kako biste vidjeli da je iznutra prema van. Sad gledajte kako se rotira prema natrag, kako se brzo promijeni vaša percepcija. Ok. Sada gledajte kako se opet rotira natrag. A ovo je vrlo bistra publika, u redu? Pogledajte možete li spriječiti da se dogodi, iako znate da je ovo 100% istinito -- bam! Ne možete to poništiti. Što vam to govori o vama? Ponovno ćemo to napraviti. Nema sumnje u to. Vidite možete li to spriječiti. Ne. Teško je.
And we can violate your expectations in a whole variety of ways about representation, about shape, about color and so forth and it's very primal. And it's an interesting question to ponder, why these things -- we find these things joyful. Why would we find them joyful? So, here's something that Lionel did a while ago. I like these sort of little things like this.
Možemo narušiti vaša očekivanja na razne načine -- u prezentiranju, obliku, boji i tako dalje i to je vrlo jednostavno. Postoji zanimljivo pitanje za razmišljanje. Zašto ove stvari -- mi smatramo ove stvari radosnima. Zašto bismo ih smatrali radosnima? Pa, ovdje je nešto što je Lionel učinio prije nekog vremena. Ja volim ovu vrstu malih stvari.
Again, this is not an optical trick. This is what you would see. In other words, it's not a camera cut. It's a perceptual trick. OK. We can violate your expectations about shape. We can violate your expectations on representation -- what an image represents. What do you see here? How many of you here see dolphins? Raise your hand if you see dolphins. OK, those people who raised their hands, afterwards, the rest of the audience, go talk to them, all right? Actually, this is the best example of priming by experience that I know. If you are a child under the age of 10 who haven't been ruined yet, you will look at this image and see dolphins. Now, some of you adults here are saying, "What dolphins? What dolphins?" But in fact, if you reversed the figure ground -- in other words, the dark areas here -- I forgot to ask for a pointer -- but if you reverse it, you'll see a whole series of little dolphins. By the way, if you're also a student at CalTech -- they also tend to just see the dolphins. It's based on experience.
Ponovno, ovo nije optički trik. Ovo je ono što biste vidjeli. Drugim riječima, nije rez kamere. To je perceptivni trik. OK. Možemo narušiti vaša očekivanja o obliku. Možemo narušiti vaša očekivanja o prezentaciji -- što slika prikazuje. Što vidite ovdje? Koliko vi ovdje vidite dupina? Podignite ruku ako vidite dupine. Dobro, ti ljudi koji su podigli ruku, nakon ovoga -- ostatak publike, odite pričati s njima, u redu? Zapravo, ovo je najbolji primjer utjecaja iskustva koji znam. Ako ste dijete ispod 10 godina koje još nije upropašteno, pogledat ćete sliku i vidjeti dupine. Sada, neki od vas odraslih govore: „Kakvi dupini? Kakvi dupini?“ Ali naime, ako obrnete bazu figure -- drugim riječima, tamna područja ovdje -- zaboravio sam tražiti pokazivač -- ali, ako je obrnete, vidjet ćete cijelu skupinu malih dupina. Usput, ako ste ujedno i student računarstva -- oni su također skloni vidjeti dupine. Temeljeno na iskustvu.
Now, something like this can be used because this is after all talk about design, too. This was done by Saatchi and Saatchi, and they actually got away with this ad in Australia. So, if you look at this ad for beer, all those people are in sort of provocative positions. But they got it passed, and actually won the Clio awards, so it's funny how you can do these things. Remember that sort of, um. This is the joke I did when the Florida ballot was going around. You know, count the dots for Gore; count the dots for Bush; count 'em again ...
Dakle, nešto poput ovoga može biti korišteno jer je ovo na kraju krajeva također i razgovor o dizajnu. Ovo su napravili Saatchi i Saatchi, i oni su se zapravo provukli ovom reklamom u Australiji. Pa, ako pogledate ovu reklamu za pivo, svi ti ljudi su u nekoj vrsti provokativnog položaja. Ali, provukli su se s tim, i zapravo dobili Clio nagradu -- pa zabavno je raditi takve stvari. Zapamtite tu vrstu mmm. Ovo je šala koju sam napravio kada je bilo aktualno glasanje na Floridi. Znate, izbrojite točkice za Gorea, izbrojite točkice za Busha. Izbrojite ih opet ...
You can violate your expectations about experience. Here is an outside water fountain that I created with some friends of mine, but you can stop the water in drops and -- actually make all the drops levitate. This is something we're building for, you know, amusement parks and that kind of stuff. Now let's take a static image. Can you see this? Do you see the middle section moving down and the outer sections moving up? It's completely static. It's a static image. How many people see this illusion? It's completely static. Right. Now, when -- it's interesting that when we look at an image we see, you know, color, depth, texture. And you can look at this whole scene and analyze it. You can see the woman is in closer than the wall and so forth. But the whole thing is actually flat. It's painted. It's trompe l'oeil. And it was such a good trompe l'oeil that people got irritated when they tried to talk to the woman and she wouldn't respond.
Možete narušiti očekivanja o iskustvu. Ovdje je vanjska vodena fontana koju sam napravio s nekim svojim prijateljima, ali možete zaustaviti vodu u kapima i -- zapravo učiniti da sve kapi lebde. Ovo je nešto što gradimo za, znate, zabavne parkove i takvu vrstu stvari. Hajmo sada napraviti statičnu sliku. Možete li vidjeti ovo? Vidite li središnji dio kako se giba prema dolje i vanjske dijelove kako se gibaju prema gore? To je potpuno statično. To je statična slika. Koliko ljudi vidi ovu iluziju? Potpuno je statična. Dobro. Sada, kada -- zanimljivo je da kada gledamo sliku mi vidimo, znate, boju, dubinu, teksturu. I možete pogledati cijelu sliku i analizirati je. Možete vidjeti da je žena bliže nego zid i tako dalje. Ali, cijela stvar je zapravo ravna. To je naslikano. To je vizualna varka. I to je bila toliko dobra varka da su ljudi postajali razdraženi nakon što su pokušali pričati sa ženom i ona im nije odgovarala.
Now, you can make design mistakes. Like this building in New York. So that when you see it from this side, it looks like the balconies tilt up, and when you walk around to the other side it looks like the balconies go down. So there are cases where you have mistakes in design that incorporate illusions. Or, you take this particular un-retouched photograph. Now, interestingly enough, I get a lot of emails from people who say, "Is there any perceptual difference between males and females?" And I really say, "No." I mean, women can navigate through the world just as well as males can -- and why wouldn't they? However, this is the one illusion that women can consistently do better than males: in matching which head because they rely on fashion cues. They can match the hat.
Dakle, možete praviti dizajnerske pogreške. Poput ove zgrade u New Yorku. Tako da, kada je gledate s ove strane, izgleda kao da su balkoni nakošeni, a kada prošetate do druge strane izgleda kao da balkoni idu prema dolje. Postoje slučajevi kada imate greške u dizajnu koje objedinjuju iluzije. Ili, uzmite ovu određenu neretuširanu fotografiju. Zanimljivo je da ja dobivam mnošto e-mailova ljudi koji kažu: „Postoji li ikakva perceptivna razlika između muškaraca i žena?“ I ja zbilja kažem: „Ne.“ Mislim, žene mogu upravljati svijetom jednako dobro kao i muškarci -- a zašto i ne bi? Ipak, ovo je jedna iluzija koju žene mogu neprestano raditi bolje od muškaraca: spojiti glavu jer se one oslanjaju na modne znakove. One mogu povezati šešir.
Okay, now getting to a part -- I want to show design in illusions. I believe that the first example of illusions being used purposely was by da Vinci in this anamorphic image of an eye. So that when you saw from one little angle was like this. And this little technique got popular in the 16th century and the 17th century to disguise hidden meanings, where you could flip the image and see it from one little point of view like this. But these are early incorporations of illusions brought to -- sort of high point with Hans Holbein's "Ambassadors." And Hans Holbein worked for Henry VIII. This was hung on a wall where you could walk down from the stair and you can see this hidden skull.
U redu, sada dolazimo do dijela -- želim vam pokazati dizajn u iluzijama. Vjerujem da je ovo prvi primjer iluzija koji je da Vinci namjerno koristio u ovoj bezobličnoj slici oka -- koja kada je vidite iz drugog ugla izgleda ovako. Ova mala tehnika postala je popularna u 16. i 17. stoljeću za maskiranje skrivenih značenja, gdje ste mogli zaokrenuti sliku i vidjeti je iz drugog ugla ovako. Ali, ovo su rana objedinjenja iluzija iz kojih se razvila -- donekle zanimljivija točka na Hans Holbeinovim „Ambasadorima“. Hans Holbein radio je za Henryja VIII. Ovo je bilo obješeno na zidu gdje ste mogli silaziti niz stepenice i vidjeti ovu skrivenu lubanju.
All right, now I'm going to show you some designers who work with illusions to give that element of surprise. One of my favorites is Scott Kim. I worked with Scott to create some illusions for TED that I hope you will enjoy. We have one here on TED and happiness. OK now. Arthur [Ganson] hasn't talked yet, but his is going to be a delightful talk and he has some of his really fantastic machines outside. And so, we -- Scott created this wonderful tribute to Arthur Ganson.
U redu, sada ću vam pokazati neke dizajnere koji su radili s iluzijama kako bi dodali element iznenađenja. Jedan od najdražih mi je Scott Kim. Radio sam sa Scottom kako bih izradio neke iluzije za TED u kojima ćete, nadam se, uživati. Imamo jednu ovdje za TED i sreću. Dobro sada. Arthur [Ganson] nije još govorio, ali će održati izvrsno predavanje i ima neke zbilja fantastične uređaje vani. I tako, mi -- Scott je pripremio ovaj predivan homage Arthuru Gansonu.
Well, there's analog and digital. Thought that was appropriate here. And figure goes to ground. And for the musicians. And of course, since happiness -- we want "joy to the world." Now, another great designer -- he's very well known in Japan -- Shigeo Fukuda. And he just builds some fantastic things. This is simply amazing. This is a pile of junk that when you view it from one particular angle, you see its reflection in the mirror as a perfect piano. Pianist transforms to violinist. This is really wild. This assemblage of forks, knives and spoons and various cutlery, welded together. It gives a shadow of a motorcycle. You learn something in the sort of thing that I do, which is there are people out there with a lot of time on their hands.
Pa, postoji analogno i digitalno. Mislio sam da je to ovdje prikladno. I konceptualno istaknuto se pretvara u pozadinu. I za glazbenike. I naravno, otkako je sreće -- mi želimo „radost svijetu“. Sada, drugi izvrstan dizajner -- on je vrlo dobro poznat u Japanu -- Shigeo Fukuda. I on gradi fantastične stvari. Ovo je jednostavno nevjerojatno. Ovo je hrpa smeća koju kada vidite iz jednog određenog ugla, vidite njezin odraz u ogledalima kao savršeni piano. Pijanist se pretvara u violinista. Ovo je zbilja ludo. Ova montaža vilica, noževa i žlica i različitog pribora za jelo, zavarenih zajedno, daju sjenu motora. Naučite nešto u stvarima koje ja radim, a to je da ima ljudi u svijetu s mnogo vremena na raspolaganju.
Ken Knowlton does wonderful composite images, like creating Jacques Cousteau out of seashells -- un-retouched seashells, but just by rearranging them. He did Einstein out of dice because, after all, Einstein said, "God does not play dice with the universe." Bert Herzog out of un-retouched keyboards. Will Shortz, crossword puzzle. John Cederquist does these wonderful trompe l'oeil cabinets.
Ken Knowlton radi predivne mozaike. Poput kreiranja Jacquesa Cousteaua od školjaka -- neretuširanih školjaka, samo slaganjem. Jednom je napravio Einsteina iz kockica jer ipak je Einstein rekao: „Bog nije kockar.“ Bert Herzog iz neretuširanih tipkovnica. Will Shortz, križaljka. John Cederquist radi ove prekrasne iluzionističke kabine.
Now, I'm going to skip ahead since I'm sort of running [behind]. I want to show you quickly what I've created, some new type of illusions. I've done something with taking the Pixar-type illusions. So you see these kids the same size here, running down the hall. The two table tops of the same size. They're looking out two directions at once. You have a larger piece fitting in with a smaller. And that's something for you to think about, all right? So you see larger pieces fitting in within smaller pieces here. Does everyone see that? Which is impossible. You can see the two kids are looking out simultaneously out of two different directions at once. Now can you believe these two table tops are the same size and shape? They are. So, if you measured them, they would be. And as I say, those two figures are identical in size and shape. And it's interesting, by doing this in this sort of rendered fashion, how much stronger the illusions are. Any case, I hope this has brought you a little joy and happiness, and if you're interested in seeing more cool effects, see me outside. I'd be happy to show you lots of things.
Sada ću požuriti naprijed jer pomalo kasnim. Želim vam nabrzinu pokazati što sam izradio. Neke nove vrste iluzija. Nešto sam napravio s Pixarovim tipom iluzija. Vidite ovu djecu jednake veličine ovdje. Trče hodnikom. Dvije površine za stol jednake veličine. Gledaju iz dva smjera odjednom. Ovdje imate veći komad koji ulazi unutar maloga. I to je nešto o čemu biste trebali razmisliti, u redu? Vidite ovaj veći dio koji ulazi unutar manjih dijelova. Vide li svi to? To je nemoguće. Možete vidjeti dvoje djece koja istovremeno gledaju iz dva smjera u jednom trenu. Možete li sada povjerovati da su površine ovih dvaju stolova jednake veličine i oblika? Jesu. Pa, ako biste ih izmjerili, bile bi. Kao što kažem, te dvije figure identične su po veličini i obliku. I, zanimljivo je, kako se dok radite ovakvu vrstu prezentacije ove iluzije doimaju snažnije. U svakom slučaju, nadam se da vam je ovo donijelo malo radosti i sreće te ako ste zainteresirani da vidite još odličnih efekata, nađite me vani. Bit ću sretan što vam mogu pokazati mnoštvo stvari.