Last year I showed these two slides so that demonstrate that the arctic ice cap, which for most of the last three million years has been the size of the lower 48 states, has shrunk by 40 percent. But this understates the seriousness of this particular problem because it doesn't show the thickness of the ice. The arctic ice cap is, in a sense, the beating heart of the global climate system. It expands in winter and contracts in summer. The next slide I show you will be a rapid fast-forward of what's happened over the last 25 years. The permanent ice is marked in red. As you see, it expands to the dark blue -- that's the annual ice in winter, and it contracts in summer. The so-called permanent ice, five years old or older, you can see is almost like blood, spilling out of the body here. In 25 years it's gone from this, to this.
去年我给各位展示了两个 关于北极冰帽的演示 在过去三百万年中 其面积由相当于美国南方48州面积总和 缩减了40% 但这些没能完全说明这个问题的严重性 因为这没有表示出冰帽的厚度 感觉上,北极冰帽 就好象全球气候系统中跳动的心脏 冬天心脏舒张,夏天心脏收缩 下面我要展示的是 在过去25年里的极剧变化 红色的是永冻冰 你看,它正在变成深蓝色 这是每年冬天形成的年度冰 在夏天永冻冰收缩 所谓的“永冻”,是指形成五年或更久的冰 你看,这也像血液一样 输送到身体各部位 在25年的时间里,它从这里,到了这里
This is a problem because the warming heats up the frozen ground around the Arctic Ocean, where there is a massive amount of frozen carbon which, when it thaws, is turned into methane by microbes. Compared to the total amount of global warming pollution in the atmosphere, that amount could double if we cross this tipping point. Already in some shallow lakes in Alaska, methane is actively bubbling up out of the water. Professor Katey Walter from the University of Alaska went out with another team to another shallow lake last winter. Video: Whoa! (Laughter) Al Gore: She's okay. The question is whether we will be.
值得注意的是 温室效应使得北冰洋周围的冻土层受热 而这里有大量被冻封的碳(干冰) 解冻时,微生物降解碳形成甲烷 如果突破顶点,温室气体排放量 将是现有大气层中的全球温室污染总量 在阿拉斯加的一些浅湖里 已经可以看到水中探头的沼气泡 去年冬天,University of Alaska的Katey Walter教授 结队去了一个浅湖 哇(开心而又惊叹滴笑) 戈尔:她很好,我们怎么样呢?
And one reason is, this enormous heat sink heats up Greenland from the north. This is an annual melting river. But the volumes are much larger than ever. This is the Kangerlussuaq River in southwest Greenland. If you want to know how sea level rises from land-base ice melting this is where it reaches the sea. These flows are increasing very rapidly. At the other end of the planet, Antarctica the largest mass of ice on the planet. Last month scientists reported the entire continent is now in negative ice balance. And west Antarctica cropped up on top some under-sea islands, is particularly rapid in its melting. That's equal to 20 feet of sea level, as is Greenland.
有一个原因,北方沉积的大量热能 加热了格陵兰岛 这是一条每年融化的河 但流量却比往年都要大 这是格陵兰岛西南的Kangerlussuaq河 如果你想了解陆地上的冰块融化 如何使得海平面上升 这里就是它的入海口 这里的流量正在急速上升 南极,地球的另一端 这个行星上最大的冰块 上个月,科学家报告整个大洲 正处于冰量减少的阶段 在南极洲的西部突然发现 几个低于海平面的岛屿正在加速融化 这相当于海平面上20英尺,和格陵兰岛一样
In the Himalayas, the third largest mass of ice: at the top you see new lakes, which a few years ago were glaciers. 40 percent of all the people in the world get half of their drinking water from that melting flow. In the Andes, this glacier is the source of drinking water for this city. The flows have increased. But when they go away, so does much of the drinking water. In California there has been a 40 percent decline in the Sierra snowpack. This is hitting the reservoirs. And the predictions, as you've read, are serious.
在Himalayas,第三大冰块 在顶部你可以看到新的湖泊,而几年前,这只是冰河 全球40%从其融水中 获得一半的饮用水 在安第斯山脉,这条冰河 是这座城市的饮用水源 流量正在增加 但当它们消失时,我们也将失去饮用水 在California, Sierra的积雪 每年减少40% 对于蓄水而言,这是一个打击 而且如你看到的,预计是非常严重的
This drying around the world has lead to a dramatic increase in fires. And the disasters around the world have been increasing at an absolutely extraordinary and unprecedented rate. Four times as many in the last 30 years as in the previous 75. This is a completely unsustainable pattern. If you look at in the context of history you can see what this is doing.
全球的干燥化 正在导致火灾数量急剧增加 而全世界的灾害数量 也正以绝对显著的 空前的速度增加 在过去三十年内,灾害总数达到了 更早七十五年总数的四倍 这是一种完全不可持续的模式 如果看下历史 你可以看到发生了些什么
In the last five years we've added 70 million tons of CO2 every 24 hours -- 25 million tons every day to the oceans. Look carefully at the area of the eastern Pacific, from the Americas, extending westward, and on either side of the Indian subcontinent, where there is a radical depletion of oxygen in the oceans. The biggest single cause of global warming, along with deforestation, which is 20 percent of it, is the burning of fossil fuels. Oil is a problem, and coal is the most serious problem. The United States is one of the two largest emitters, along with China. And the proposal has been to build a lot more coal plants.
在过去的五年 我们每天 增加七千万吨二氧化碳 向海洋排放两千五百万吨二氧化碳 注意看下东太平洋区域 从美洲向西 在印度次大陆的两边 海洋含氧量急剧减少 温室效应最大的原因,除了森林破坏占20%外 是燃烧石油燃料 石油很重要,煤炭最为紧要 美国 正成为全球最大的两个排放国之一,和中国一起 解决方案曾经是建造一个使用更多煤碳的星球
But we're beginning to see a sea change. Here are the ones that have been cancelled in the last few years with some green alternatives proposed. (Applause) However there is a political battle in our country. And the coal industries and the oil industries spent a quarter of a billion dollars in the last calendar year promoting clean coal, which is an oxymoron. That image reminded me of something. (Laughter) Around Christmas, in my home in Tennessee, a billion gallons of coal sludge was spilled. You probably saw it on the news. This, all over the country, is the second largest waste stream in America. This happened around Christmas. One of the coal industry's ads around Christmas was this one.
但我们已经开始看到海洋的变化了 这里是近年已经取消的一些 以及一些新的绿色替代方案 (掌声) 但是,在我们国家 有一场政治战争 而煤碳和石油工业 在去年花费了两千五百万美元 来提倡清洁煤炭 这太矛盾了 那个画面让我想起了什么 (笑声) 圣诞前后,在我的家乡田纳西 挖出了几十亿升的煤淤泥 可能你在新闻上看过 这里,是全美第二大的废水排放 这发生于圣诞前后 有一则这样的煤碳行业广告
Video: ♪♫ Frosty the coal man is a jolly, happy soul. He's abundant here in America, and he helps our economy grow. Frosty the coal man is getting cleaner everyday. He's affordable and adorable, and workers keep their pay.
录象:♪♫煤炭酷先生是高兴和快乐的化身 在美国你可以见到他富饶多产 他还帮助我们发展经济 煤炭酷先生每天都在变得更干净 他可爱实惠,为工人们带来工作机会
Al Gore: This is the source of much of the coal in West Virginia. The largest mountaintop miner is the head of Massey Coal.
戈尔:这里是West Virginia,许多煤炭的原产地 最大的山顶采矿是head of Massey Coal
Video: Don Blankenship: Let me be clear about it. Al Gore, Nancy Pelosi, Harry Reid, they don't know what they're talking about.
Don Blankenship:让我来澄清事实(这个老兄是马塞能源公司总裁兼总经理,马赛能源公司被卷入一连串的法律与环境的争议当中,争议主要存在于其开采过程中没有采取相应的防污措施) Al Core, Nancy Pelosi(现任众议院议长), Harry Reid(众议院能源和商业委员会主席)(这两个人都致力于通过国会推动一项综合性的能源与气候议案),这帮家伙完全不懂得他们在讲些什么
Al Gore: So the Alliance for Climate Protection has launched two campaigns. This is one of them, part of one of them.
戈尔:所以气候保护联盟(戈尔是成立人之一及现任主席) 开展了两个项目 这是其中的一个,其中一个的一部分
Video: Actor: At COALergy we view climate change as a very serious threat to our business. That's why we've made it our primary goal to spend a large sum of money on an advertising effort to help bring out and complicate the truth about coal. The fact is, coal isn't dirty. We think it's clean -- smells good, too. So don't worry about climate change. Leave that up to us. (Laughter)
演员:在COALergy,我们非常严肃地对待 气候变化对我们的事业威胁 这是为什么我们花费大量金钱 制定我们的最初目标 努力挖掘并阐释 煤炭的真相 事实上,煤炭并不肮脏 我们认为,它是干净的 好闻的 因此,不必为全球变暖而担心 让我们来搞定吧 (笑声)
Video: Actor: Clean coal -- you've heard a lot about it. So let's take a tour of this state-of-the-art clean coal facility. Amazing! The machinery is kind of loud. But that's the sound of clean coal technology. And while burning coal is one of the leading causes of global warming, the remarkable clean coal technology you see here changes everything. Take a good long look: this is today's clean coal technology.
演员:清洁煤炭,你已经听过关于它的许多 所以,让我们去看看如同艺术一般的清洁煤炭工厂吧 壮观!机器有些喧哗 但这是清洁煤炭技术的声音 虽然烧煤是导致全球变暖的主要原因之一 你在这里所见到的令人折服的清洁煤炭技术 改变了一切 好好看看吧!这就是如今的清洁煤炭技术
Al Gore: Finally, the positive alternative meshes with our economic challenge and our national security challenge.
戈尔:最后是这个正面的方案 可以应对经济挑战 和国家安全挑战
Video: Narrator: America is in crisis -- the economy, national security, the climate crisis. The thread that links them all: our addiction to carbon based fuels, like dirty coal and foreign oil. But now there is a bold new solution to get us out of this mess. Repower America with 100 percent clean electricity within 10 years. A plan to put America back to work, make us more secure, and help stop global warming. Finally, a solution that's big enough to solve our problems. Repower America. Find out more.
录象:旁白:美国正处于危机 经济的、国家安全的、气候的危机 将这些危机都串在一起的 是我们对于基于碳的石油产品的依赖 譬如肮脏的煤炭和进口的石油 但现在,有一种全新的解决这些难题的方案 Repower America (让美国重振力量) 用百分百清洁的电力 用十年的时间 让美国人全新获得工作 让我们生活得更安全,并且让地球不在变暖 最终,一个足够庞大的方案来解决我们的问题 Repower America (让美国重振力量),了解更多
Al Gore: This is the last one.
戈尔:最后一个
Video: Narrator: It's about repowering America. One of the fastest ways to cut our dependence on old dirty fuels that are killing our planet. Man: Future's over here. Wind, sun, a new energy grid. Man #2: New investments to create high-paying jobs. Narrator: Repower America. It's time to get real.
旁白:这是关于Repower America(让美国重振力量)的 陈旧的肮脏石油正在谋杀我们的星球 这是让我们减少对其依赖的最快方式 男A:未来就在这里。风力、太阳能、新的能源网络 男B:新的投资创造更的报酬丰厚的工作 旁白:Repower America (让美国重振力量)。是时候梦想成真了!
Al Gore: There is an old African proverb that says, "If you want to go quickly, go alone. If you want to go far, go together." We need to go far, quickly. Thank you very much. (Applause)
戈尔:有一条古老的非洲谚语 如果想要走得快,独立前行 如果想要走得远,结伴前行 我们需要的是走得远,而且快 非常感谢 掌声