This is a work in process, based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago about the need for the storage of vaccine.
Ito po ay isang patuloy na proyekto hango sa mga komento na binigay sa TED noong dalawang taon na ang nakalipas patungkol sa pangangailangan ng pag-iimbak ng bakuna.
(Video): [On this planet 1.6 billion people don't have access to electricity refrigeration or stored fuels this is a problem it impacts: the spread of disease the storage of food and medicine and the quality of life. So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables time for some thermodynamics And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]
(Musika) [ Sa planetang ito ] [ 1.6 bilyong katao ] [ ang walang kuryente ] [ refrigeration ] [ o gaas ] [ ito ay isang dagok ] [ at nakakaapekto: ] [ sa paglaganap ng sakit ] [ sa pag-iimbak ng pagkain at medisina ] [ at sa kalidad ng buhay ] [ kaya ito ang mungkahi: murang refrigeration na hindi ginagamitan ng kuryente ... ] [ ... propane, gasolina, gaas, o mga consumables ] [ oras na para sa kaunting thermodynamics ] [ At ang kuwento ng Intermitent Absorption Refrigerator ]
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine: it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it. It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré, but he couldn't actually build anything with it because of the tools at the time.
29 na taon na ang nakalipas, may guro ako sa thermodynamics na nagbanggit tungkol sa absorption at refrigeration. Iyon ang ilan sa mga bagay na tumatak sa aking isipan. Tulad siya sa Stirling Engine: astig pero hindi mo alam ang paggagamitan At ito ay naimbento noong 1858 ni Ferdinand Carre, ngunit wala siyang magawa dito dahil sa kakulangan ng kasangkapan noong panahong iyon.
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing called the IcyBall, in 1928. It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work, but here's how it works. There's two spheres and they're separated in distance. One has a working fluid, water and ammonia, and the other is a condenser. You heat up one side, the hot side. The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side. You let it cool to room temperature, and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water back on the erstwhile hot side, it creates a powerful cooling effect. So it was a great idea that didn't work at all. They blew up.
Isang nahihibang na Canadian sa ngalan na Powell Crosley ang nagsakomersyo ng tinatawag na Icyball noong 1928, at iyon ay isang napakagandang ideya, at sasabihin ko mamaya kung bakit ito'y hindi naging posible, pero ganito ang kanyang mekanismo. May dalawang bilog na magkahiwalay. Laman ng isa ay working fluid, tubig at ammonia, samantalang ang isa ay condenser. Paiinitan mo ang isang bahagi, yung mainit na bahagi. Mag-eevaporate ang ammonia at magrerecondense sa kabilang bahagi. Hahayaang lumamig sa room temperature, at pagkatapos, habang nag-eevaporate ang ammonia kasabay ng tubig pabalik sa mainit na bahagi, lumilikha ito ng paglamig. Magandang ideya sana ngunit hindi ito naging posible: ito'y sumasabog. Dahil sa paggamit ng ammonia, nakakalikha ng matataas na pressures
(Laughter)
Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures if you heated them wrong; it topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere. But it was kind of an interesting thought.
kapag mali ang paraan ng pag-init. Aabot ito ng 400 psi. Nakakalason ang ammonia. Kumakalat sa paligid. Ngunit talagang interesante ang ideyang iyon. Kaya, naging mabuti ang 2006 dahil
So the great thing about 2006, there's a lot of really great computational work you can do. So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved -- a lot of computational fluid dynamics. We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong. We found some nontoxic refrigerants that worked at very low vapor pressures. We brought in a team from the UK -- a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK -- and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact, we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.
maraming computational work ang maaring gawin. Kaya, tinipon namin ang buong departamento ng thermodynamics sa Stanford. Maraming computational fluid dynamics. Pinatunayan naming mali ang karamihan ng ammonia refrigeration tables. Nakadiskubre kami ng refrigerants na hindi nakakalason na maaring gamitin sa mabababang vapor pressures. Humingi kami ng tulong sa isang grupo mula UK -- maraming eksperto sa refrigeration, napag-alaman namin, mula sa UK -- bumuo ng test rig, at pinatunayan na maaring makagawa ng low pressure, non-toxic regfrigerator.
So this is the way it works. You put it on a cooking fire. Most people have cooking fires in the world, whether it's camel dung or wood. It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour. You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours. It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done. It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works. You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons, and it'll cool it down to just above freezing -- three degrees above freezing -- for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap. We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars, in low volumes for about 40 dollars. And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.
Ganito ang kanyang paggamit. Ilalagay mo siya sa ibabaw ng pinaglutuang apoy. Kahit sino sa mundo may pinaglulutuang apoy, yari man sa dumi ng kamelyo or sa kahoy. Paiinitan ito sa loob ng 30 minuto, at palalamigin ng isang oras. Ipapasok sa isang lagayan at maari na itong gamiting refrigerator sa loob ng 24 oras. Ganito ang itsura niya. Ito ang panlimang prototype. Hindi pa siya gaanong tapos. Ito ay may bigat na 8 pounds, at ang paraan ng paggamit ay ganito. Ilalagay mo siya sa 15-litro na lalagyan, katumbas ng tatlong galon, at ito ay lalamig malapit sa freezing point, tatlong baitang na mas mataas sa freezing point, sa loob ng 24 oras at 30 degree Celsius. Ito ay napakamura. Sa tingin namin, puwedeng bumuo nito ng maramihan sa halagang 25 dolyar bawat isa, at kapag kaunti lang, aabot ng 40 dolyar. At sa tingin namin magagawa nating abot-kaya ang refrigeration para sa lahat.
Thank you.
Salamat po!
(Applause)
(Palakpakan)