This is a work in process, based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago about the need for the storage of vaccine.
To je projekt v delu, ki izvira iz komentarjev izjavljenih na TED-u pred dvema letoma o potrebi po zabojniku za cepiva.
(Video): [On this planet 1.6 billion people don't have access to electricity refrigeration or stored fuels this is a problem it impacts: the spread of disease the storage of food and medicine and the quality of life. So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables time for some thermodynamics And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]
(Glasba) [ Na tem planetu ] [ 1,6 milijarde ljudi ] [ nima elektrike ] [ hladilnika ] [ ali shranjenih goriv ] [ to je problem, ki ] [ vpliva na: ] [ razširjanje bolezni ] [ shranjevanje hrane in zdravil ] [ in kakovost življenja ] [ načrt je tak: ceneno hlajenje, ki ni odvisno od elektrike ... ] [ ... propana, plina, kerozina ali podobnega ] [ čas je za malo termodinamike... ] [ in zgodbo o hladilniku z intermitentno absorpcijo ]
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine: it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it. It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré, but he couldn't actually build anything with it because of the tools at the time.
Torej, pred 29. leti sem imel učitelja termodinamike, ki je govoril o absorpciji in hlajenju. To je ena tistih stvari, ki so mi ostale v glavi. Bilo je precej podobno Stirlingovem motorju - bilo je fino, ampak nisi vedel, kaj narediti z njim. Leta 1858 ga je izumil možak z imenom Ferdinand Carre, ampak z njim si ni mogel pomagati zaradi takratnega omejenega nabora orodij.
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing called the IcyBall, in 1928. It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work, but here's how it works. There's two spheres and they're separated in distance. One has a working fluid, water and ammonia, and the other is a condenser. You heat up one side, the hot side. The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side. You let it cool to room temperature, and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water back on the erstwhile hot side, it creates a powerful cooling effect. So it was a great idea that didn't work at all. They blew up.
Nor Kanadčan, imenovan Powell Crosley, je komercializiral stvar z imenom Icyball leta 1928, in je bila zelo luštna ideja... ... povedal bom, zakaj ni delovala, ampak najprej: zakaj deluje. Imamo dve med seboj oddaljeni krogli. Ena ima delovno tekočino, vodo in amonijak, in druga je utekočinjevalec. Ogrejemo en del, vroč del. Amonijak izhlapi in se ponovno utekočini na drugi strani. Pustimo, da se shladi na sobno temperaturo, in potem ko amonijak ponovno izhlapi in se zmeša z vodo, na prej omenjeni vroči strani povzroči močno ohlajanje. To je bila torej ta odlična ideja, ki nikakor ni delovala - komori je razneslo. Zaradi uporabe amonijaka dobimo ogromne pritiske,
(Laughter)
Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures if you heated them wrong; it topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere. But it was kind of an interesting thought.
če ga narobe segrejemo. Najvišje si lahko dosegel 400 psi. Amonijak je bil strupen. Vsepovsod ga je škropilo. Ampak misel je bila zanimiva. Torej, dobra stvar leta 2006 je ta,
So the great thing about 2006, there's a lot of really great computational work you can do. So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved -- a lot of computational fluid dynamics. We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong. We found some nontoxic refrigerants that worked at very low vapor pressures. We brought in a team from the UK -- a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK -- and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact, we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.
da lahko opravimo precej računskega dela. K delu smo povabili celoten oddelek za termodinamiko na Stanfordu. Opravili ogromno računske dinamike tekočin. Dokazali smo, da je večina ohlajevalnih tabel za amonijak napačnih. Našli smo nekaj nestrupenih hladiv, ki so delovali na zelo nizkih izparilnih tlakih. Pripeljali smo ekipo iz Združenega kraljestva - tam je veliko ljudi, ki se ukvarja z hlajenjem, kot se je izkazalo - in zgradili poizkusno opremo ter pokazali, da v bistvu lahko naredimo nizko-tlačni, nestrupeni hladilnik.
So this is the way it works. You put it on a cooking fire. Most people have cooking fires in the world, whether it's camel dung or wood. It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour. You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours. It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done. It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works. You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons, and it'll cool it down to just above freezing -- three degrees above freezing -- for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap. We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars, in low volumes for about 40 dollars. And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.
In takole deluje. Pustimo ga na kuhinjskem ognju. Večina ljudi na svetu ima ogenj za kuho, pa naj bodo to kamelji iztrebki ali les. Ogreva se približno 30 minut, ohlaja pa kako uro. Postavimo ga v škatlo in hladil jo bo 24 ur. Izgleda takole. To je peti prototip. Ni še čisto dokončan. Tehta približno 3,5 kilograma, deluje pa takole. Postavimo ga v 15-litrsko komoro, in shladil jo bo skoraj do ledišča, tri stopinje nad lediščem za 24 ur v okolici s 30 stopinjami Celzija. In to zelo poceni. Mislimo, da jih lahko proizvajamo v velikih količinah za 25 ameriških dolarjev, v manjših količinah pa za 40 ameriških dolarjev. In mislimo, da lahko naredimo hlajenje dostopno vsakomur.
Thank you.
Hvala lepa.
(Applause)
(Aplavz)