This is a work in process, based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago about the need for the storage of vaccine.
Tetikasa an-dalam-panatanterahana izy ity izay niainga tamin'ny fanehoan-kevitra voaray nandritra ny zaikabe TED tamin'ny 2 taona lasa, momban'ny fitehirizana ireo vaksiny.
(Video): [On this planet 1.6 billion people don't have access to electricity refrigeration or stored fuels this is a problem it impacts: the spread of disease the storage of food and medicine and the quality of life. So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables time for some thermodynamics And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]
(Mozika) [Eto amin'ity planeta ity] [izay misy olona 1.6 lavitrisa] [tsy manana herinaratra] [tsy manana vata fampangatsiahana] [na koa angovo tahiry.] [Olana lehibe izany] [Misy fiantraikany ratsy amin'ny : ] [fihanak'ireo aretina maro] [fitahirizana sakafo sy fanafody] [ary hatsaran'ny fiainana.] [Ito ary ny tetika: fampangatsiahana tsy lafo sady tsy mampiasa herinaratra…] […entona fandrehitra na karazana fandoro hafa] [ Fotoana hanomezako fampianarana kely momban'ny "thermodynamique" ] [ sy ny tantaran'ny vata fampangatsiahana mitroka sy mihodina mitsitapitapy izao. ]
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine: it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it. It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré, but he couldn't actually build anything with it because of the tools at the time.
29 taona lasa, nisy mpampianatra thermo anay niresaka fitrohana sy fampangatsiahana. Isan'ireo zavatra mbola miraikitra ato an-tsaiko izany. Mitovitovy be amin'ny motera Stirling ilay izy: nahafinaritra saingy tsy hainay hoe afaka anaovana inona ilay izy. I Ferdinand Carre no namorona azy io tamin'ny 1858, saingy tsy afaka nanamboatra zavatra avy amin'io izy noho ireo fitaovana tamin'izany vanimpotoana izany.
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing called the IcyBall, in 1928. It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work, but here's how it works. There's two spheres and they're separated in distance. One has a working fluid, water and ammonia, and the other is a condenser. You heat up one side, the hot side. The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side. You let it cool to room temperature, and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water back on the erstwhile hot side, it creates a powerful cooling effect. So it was a great idea that didn't work at all. They blew up.
Ilay kanadiana jorery, Power Crosley dia nivarotra ity zavatra antsoina hoe Icyball ity tamin'ny 1928, hevitra tena maranitra izy ity, ka hazavaiko anareo ny antony tsy nahatafita azy, kanefa asehoko etoana aloha ny fomba fiasany. Misy bola roa mifampihataka lavitra. Ny iray dia ranoka miasa izay ahitana rano sy "ammoniaque" ary ny ilany hafa kosa dia kadobo (condensateur). Hafanaina ny ilany, ilay ilany mafana. Mietona ny "ammoniaque" ary mifampifanizina ny andaniny. Avela hangatsiaka amin'ny mari-pana tsotra, avy eo, mandritra ny fientonan'ny ammoniaque sy ny fifangaroany amin'ny rano amin'ilay ilany nafana teo aloha iny, manome vokatra mampangatsiaka tena mahery ilay izy. Hevitra tena tsara izay tsy nandeha akory: nipoaka mihitsy ary. Ahazoana tsindrin-drivotra mahery ny ammoniaque
(Laughter)
Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures if you heated them wrong; it topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere. But it was kind of an interesting thought.
rehefa hafanaina tsara. Nahatratra 400psi izany. Ny ammoniaque dia poizina. Ka niparitaka be ilay izy. Saingy lazaiko hatrany fa hevitra mahaliana ilay izy. Tamin'ny taona 2006,
So the great thing about 2006, there's a lot of really great computational work you can do. So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved -- a lot of computational fluid dynamics. We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong. We found some nontoxic refrigerants that worked at very low vapor pressures. We brought in a team from the UK -- a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK -- and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact, we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.
afaka miroso amin'izay ny andrana vokatrin'ny fandrosoan'ny haikajy. Nasaina nandray anjara ny sampana thermodynamique rehetra tao Stanford. Niasa be momban'ny "dynamique des fluides" tamin'ny solosaina izahay. Voaporofonay fa ny ankamaroan'ny teknika fampangatsiahana ny ammoniaque dia diso. Nahita singa fampangatsihana tsy poiziny izahay ka afaka miasa amin'ny tsindrin-drivotra ambany. Niantso ekipa avy any Englandy izahay -- Tany tsinona no ahitana olona mahay io resaka fampangatsiahana io -- ary nanamboatra toera fanaovana andrana izahay ary nanaporofo fa azo atao ny manamboatra vata fampatsiahana tsy misy poizina amin'ny tsindry ambany.
So this is the way it works. You put it on a cooking fire. Most people have cooking fires in the world, whether it's camel dung or wood. It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour. You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours. It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done. It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works. You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons, and it'll cool it down to just above freezing -- three degrees above freezing -- for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap. We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars, in low volumes for about 40 dollars. And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.
Toy izao ny fiasany. Apetraka eo amin'ny afo ketrika. Ny ankamaroan'ny olona izao dia mampiasa afo fahandroana, na avy amin'ny tain-drameva na kitay io. Avela hafana mandritra ny 30 minitra ka avela hangatsika adiny iray avy eo. Apetraka ao anaty tavy ary avela hangatsiaka mandritra ny 24 ora. Ohatran'ity ilay izy. Ito zao no santiona fahadimy. Mbola tsy vita tanteraka ito. Milanga 3,6 kg ary toy izao indray ny fiasany: Apetraka ao anaty tavy 15 litatra, ary mangatsiaka ho azy hatramin'ny mari-pàna miteraka ranomandry ilay izy, ventin-drefy telo miiba ny aotra. Atao mandritra ny 24 ora sy ao anaty tontolo 30 ventin-drefy Celsius. Tena mora vidy izy ity. Mieritreritra hamokatra betsaka izahay izay hamidy 25 dolara, ary karazany hafa amin'ny vidiny 40 dolara. Ny tanjonay dia afaka hampangatsiaka ny olona rehetra tsy ankanavaka.
Thank you.
Misaotra indrindra.
(Applause)
(Tehaka mirefodrefotra)