This is a work in process, based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago about the need for the storage of vaccine.
Tas vēl tikai top, balstoties uz pirms 2 gadiem TED izteiktajiem komentāriem par vakcīnu uzglabāšanas vajadzību.
(Video): [On this planet 1.6 billion people don't have access to electricity refrigeration or stored fuels this is a problem it impacts: the spread of disease the storage of food and medicine and the quality of life. So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables time for some thermodynamics And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]
(Mūzika) [Uz šīs planētas] [1,6 miljardiem cilvēku] [nav pieejas elektrībai,] [dzesēšanas ierīcēm] [vai uzglabājamai degvielai.] [Tā ir problēma,] [kas ietekmē:] [slimību izplatību,] [pārtikas un zāļu uzglabāšanu,] [un dzīves kvalitāti.] [Lūk, mūsu plāns: lēta dzesēšanas ierīce, kurai nevajag elektrību,] [propānu, gāzi, petroleju vai citus izlietojamos resursus.] [Laiks termodinamikai.] [Un stāstam par Intermitējošās absorbcijas dzesētāju.]
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine: it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it. It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré, but he couldn't actually build anything with it because of the tools at the time.
Pirms 29 gadiem man bija kāds termo skolotājs, kurš runāja par absorbciju un dzesēšanu Tā bija viena no lietām, kas aizķērās manā galvā. Tas bija kā Stirlinga dzinējs: tas bija foršs, bet nevarēja saprast, ko ar to iesākt. To 1858. gadā izgudroja Ferdinands Kare, taču viņš ar to neko nevarēja izveidot, tā laika instrumentu dēļ.
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing called the IcyBall, in 1928. It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work, but here's how it works. There's two spheres and they're separated in distance. One has a working fluid, water and ammonia, and the other is a condenser. You heat up one side, the hot side. The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side. You let it cool to room temperature, and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water back on the erstwhile hot side, it creates a powerful cooling effect. So it was a great idea that didn't work at all. They blew up.
Šis trakais kanādietis vārdā Povels Kroslijs 1928. gadā to komercializēja un nosauca par „Icyball”, un tā bija ļoti laba ideja, es tūlīt paskaidrošu, kādēļ tas nestrādāja. Taču vispirms izstāstīšu, kā tā darbojas. Ir divas lodes un tās šķir noteikts attālums. Vienā ir darba šķidrums, ūdens un amonjaks un otra ir kondensators. Uzkarsē vienu — karsto pusi. Amonjaks iztvaiko un pārkondensējas otrā pusē. Tam ļauj atdzist līdz istabas temperatūrai, un tad, amonjakam vēlreiz pārkondensējoties atpakaļ karstajā pusē, tas sajaucas ar ūdeni, radot spēcīgu dzesēšanas efektu. Tā bija lieliska doma, kas nepavisam nestrādāja: ierīce uzsprāga.
(Laughter)
Jo, nepareizi uzsildot amonjaku,
Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures if you heated them wrong; it topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere. But it was kind of an interesting thought.
rodas milzīgi liels spiediens. Tas pārsniedza 400 psi. Amonjaks ir indīgs un izšļācās visur. Bet tā bija diezgan interesanta doma. Labākais 2006. gadā ir tas, ka
So the great thing about 2006, there's a lot of really great computational work you can do. So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved -- a lot of computational fluid dynamics. We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong. We found some nontoxic refrigerants that worked at very low vapor pressures. We brought in a team from the UK -- a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK -- and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact, we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.
visu var izskaitļot un izrēķināt. Tāpēc mēs iesaistījām visu Stenfordas termodinamikas katedru. Izskaitļojām daudzu šķidrumu dinamikas. Mēs pierādījām, ka vairums amonjaka dzesēšanas tabulu bija nepareizas. Mēs atradām neindīgus dzesētājus, kas darbojas ļoti zemā tvaika spiedienā. Uzaicinājām komandu no Anglijas, kā izrādās, Anglijā ir daudz termodinamikas speciālistu. Mēs izgatavojām paraugmodeli un pierādījām, ka ir iespējams izgatavot zemspiediena un neindīgu dzesētāju.
So this is the way it works. You put it on a cooking fire. Most people have cooking fires in the world, whether it's camel dung or wood. It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour. You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours. It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done. It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works. You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons, and it'll cool it down to just above freezing -- three degrees above freezing -- for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap. We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars, in low volumes for about 40 dollars. And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.
Tas darbojas šādi. To uzliek uz uguns. Vairumam cilvēku pasaulē ir pieejama uguns, vienalga vai to kurina ar kamieļu mēsliem vai malku. Tā silst apmēram 30 minūtes un atdziest apmēram stundu. To ieliek tvertnē un tas dzesēs 24 stundas. Tas izskatās apmēram šādi. Lūk, piektais prototips, kas vēl nav gluži pabeigts. Sver apmēram trīsarpus kilogramus un strādā šādi: To ievieto 15 litru traukā, kas ir apmēram trīs galoni, un tas atdzisīs gandrīz līdz nullei, trīs grādus virs sasalšanas, 24 stundas 30 C' grādu vidē. Tas ir ļoti lēts. Mūsuprāt, mēs to lielos apjomos varam izgatavot par 25 dolāriem un mazos apjomos par 40 dolāriem. Un, mūsuprāt, mēs varam izgatavot dzesēšanas ierīces, kas būtu pieejamas visiem.
Thank you.
Paldies.
(Applause)
(Aplausi)