This is a work in process, based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago about the need for the storage of vaccine.
Ovo je nešto na čemu još radimo a temelji se na pojedinim komentarima danim na TED-u prije dvije godine o potrebi za spremištem za cjepivo
(Video): [On this planet 1.6 billion people don't have access to electricity refrigeration or stored fuels this is a problem it impacts: the spread of disease the storage of food and medicine and the quality of life. So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables time for some thermodynamics And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]
(Glazba) [Na ovom planetu] [ 1.6 milijardi ljudi ] [ nemaju pristup električnoj energiji] [ rashladnim sustavima ] [ ili pohranjenim gorivima ] [ to je problem ] [ koji utječe na: ] [ širenje bolesti ] [skladištenje hrane i lijekova ] [ i kvalitetu života ] [ evo što predlažemo: jeftin rashladni sustav koji ne koristi struju ... ] [ ... propan, benzin, kerozin ili potrošnu robu ] [ vrijeme je za malo termodinamike ] [ I priču o hladnjaku koji se bazira na povremenoj apsorpciji ]
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine: it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it. It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré, but he couldn't actually build anything with it because of the tools at the time.
Prije 29 godina slušao sam profesora termodinamike koji je govorio o apsorpciji i rashlađivanju. Bila je to jedna od stvari koje su mi se urezale u pamćenje. Prilično je nalikovala Stirlingovom stroju: bila je fora, ali niste znali što biste s time. Izmislio ju je Ferdinand Carre 1858. godine, ali nije mogao ništa izgraditi s njom zbog alata koje je imao tada na raspolaganju.
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing called the IcyBall, in 1928. It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work, but here's how it works. There's two spheres and they're separated in distance. One has a working fluid, water and ammonia, and the other is a condenser. You heat up one side, the hot side. The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side. You let it cool to room temperature, and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water back on the erstwhile hot side, it creates a powerful cooling effect. So it was a great idea that didn't work at all. They blew up.
Onda je ludi Kanađanin po imenu Powell Crosley 1928. godine komercijalizirao nešto što je nazvao Icyball, i to je bila zbilja sjajna ideja, objasnit ću kasnije zašto nije funkcionirala, no, evo o čemu se radi. Postoje dvije sfere, odvojene i udaljene jedna od druge. U jednoj je radna tekućina, voda i amonijak, a u drugoj je kondenzator. Zagrijete jednu stranu, vrelu stranu. Amonijak ispari i ponovno se kondenzira s druge strane. Pustite neka se ohladi na sobnu temperaturu, i tada, dok amonijak ponovno isparava i miješa se s vodom na ranije vreloj strani, stvara moćan učinak rashlađivanja. Odlična ideja, ali nije funkcionirala. Sve je eksplodiralo. Zato što korištenjem amonijaka dobivate jako visoke tlakove
(Laughter)
Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures if you heated them wrong; it topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere. But it was kind of an interesting thought.
zagrijete li ga na krivi način. Tlak je bio veći od 27 bara. Amonijak je bio otrovan. Špricao je posvuda. Ipak, bila je to zanimljiva zamisao. I tako, dobro je što je 2006. godina
So the great thing about 2006, there's a lot of really great computational work you can do. So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved -- a lot of computational fluid dynamics. We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong. We found some nontoxic refrigerants that worked at very low vapor pressures. We brought in a team from the UK -- a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK -- and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact, we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.
i što možemo puno toga napraviti računalima. Pa smo uključili čitav Odjel za termodinamiku sa Sveučilišta Stanford. Puno računanja dinamike fluida. Dokazali smo da je većina tablica o rashlađivanjem amonijakom pogrešno. Našli smo neke neotrovne rashlađivače koji su funkcionirali na vrlo niskoj razini tlaka Doveli smo i tim iz Velike Britanije ima puno stručnjaka za rashlađivanje, pokazalo se, u Velikoj Britaniji -- sagradili smo probni model i dokazali kako, u stvari, možemo proizvesti niskotlačni, neotrovni hladnjak.
So this is the way it works. You put it on a cooking fire. Most people have cooking fires in the world, whether it's camel dung or wood. It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour. You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours. It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done. It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works. You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons, and it'll cool it down to just above freezing -- three degrees above freezing -- for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap. We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars, in low volumes for about 40 dollars. And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.
Evo kako funkcionira. Stavite ga na vatru. Većina ljudi u svijetu imaju vatru za kuhanje, bilo da koriste izmet deve ili drvo kao gorivo. Zagrijava se oko 30 minuta, hladi oko sat. Stavite ga u spremnik i hladit će iduća 24 sata. Izgleda ovako. Ovo je peti prototip. Nije baš posve završen. Teži oko 3,6 kilograma i funkcionira ovako. Stavite ga u posudu od 15 litara, i rashladit će ju na malo iznad točke smrzavanja, otprilike tri stupnja, na 24 sata u okruženju temperature 30 Celzijusa. Zbilja je jeftin. Mislimo da ih možemo proizvoditi u velikim količinama za oko 25 dolara, u manjim količinama za 40 dolara. I mislimo da možemo rashladne sustave učiniti dostupnima svima.
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)