Dette er et projekt under stadig udvikling baseret på nogle bemærkninger, der blev givet hos TED for to år siden omkring behovet for opbevaring af vaccine. (Musik) [ På denne planet ] [ har 1,6 milliarder mennesker ] [ ikke adgang til elektricitet ] [ køling ] [ eller opbevaret brændstof ] [ dette er et problem ] [ der har indflydelse på: ] [ spredning af sygdomme ] [ opbevaring af mad og medicin ] [ og livskvalitet ] [ her er planen: billig køling, der ikke har brug for elektricitet ... ] [ ... gas, benzin, petroleum eller forbrugsvarer ] [ det er tid til noget varmelære ] og historien om "Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator".
This is a work in process, based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago about the need for the storage of vaccine. (Video): [On this planet 1.6 billion people don't have access to electricity refrigeration or stored fuels this is a problem it impacts: the spread of disease the storage of food and medicine and the quality of life. So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables time for some thermodynamics And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]
For 29 år siden havde jeg en underviser i varmelære, som underviste i absorbering og køling. Det var en af de der ting, der blev hængende i mine tanker. Det var meget ligesom "Stirling" maskinen: den var cool, men man vidste ikke, hvad man skulle bruge den til. Den blev opfundet i 1858 af fyren Ferdinand Carre, men han kunne ikke bruge den til noget på grund af datidens værktøj.
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine: it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it. It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré, but he couldn't actually build anything with it because of the tools at the time.
En skør canadier ved navn Powell Crosley kommercialiserede en ting kaldet "the Icyball" i 1928, og det var en rigtig fin ide, og jeg vil snart fortælle hvorfor det ikke virkede, men her er, hvordan det virker. Der er to sfærer som er adskilt med mellemrum. Den ene har en arbejdsvæske, vand og ammoniak, og den anden er en kondensator. Man opvarmer den ene side - den varme side. Ammoniaken fordamper og den kondenserer på den anden side. Man lader det køle ned til stuetemperatur, og mens ammoniakken fordamper igen og forbinder sig med vandet tilbage på den tidligere varme side, dannes der en kraftig køleeffekt. Det var en fantastisk ide, der slet ikke virkede - den sprængte i luften. Fordi ved at bruge ammoniak får man meget store tryk
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing called the IcyBall, in 1928. It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work, but here's how it works. There's two spheres and they're separated in distance. One has a working fluid, water and ammonia, and the other is a condenser. You heat up one side, the hot side. The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side. You let it cool to room temperature, and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water back on the erstwhile hot side, it creates a powerful cooling effect. So it was a great idea that didn't work at all. They blew up.
hvis man opvarmer det forkert. Det nåede 400 psi. Ammoniakken var giftig. Det sprøjtede ud over alt. Men det var nu en meget interessant ide.
(Laughter) Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures if you heated them wrong; it topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.
Det gode ved 2006 er, at der er masser af beregningsmæssigt arbejde der kan udføres. Så vi involverede hele den termodynamiske afdeling hos Stanford. En masse beregninger på væskedynamik. Vi beviste, at de fleste tabeller for køleanlæg baseret på ammoniak er fejlagtige. Vi opdagede nogle ugiftige kølestoffer, der virkede ved meget lavt tryk. Bragte et team ind fra England -- der viste sig at være en masse fantastiske køleeksperter i England -- og byggede en prototype og beviste, at vi faktisk godt kunne lave en ugiftig lavtrykskøler.
But it was kind of an interesting thought. So the great thing about 2006, there's a lot of really great computational work you can do. So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved -- a lot of computational fluid dynamics. We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong. We found some nontoxic refrigerants that worked at very low vapor pressures. We brought in a team from the UK -- a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK -- and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact, we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.
Den virker sådan her. Man sætter den over ild. De fleste mennesker laver mad over åben ild, om så det er med kamelafføring eller træ. Den opvarmes i ca. 30 minutter og skal så afkøle i en time. Sæt den i en beholder, og den kan køle i 24 timer. Den ser sådan ud. Dette er den femte prototype. Den er ikke helt færdig. Den vejer ca. 3,6 kg og fungerer sådan her: Sæt den ind i en 15-liters beholder, ca. 3 gallons, og den vil køle beholderen ned til lige over frysepunktet, tre grader over frysepunktet, i 24 timer i et 30 grader varmt miljø. Det er rigtig billigt. Vi mener, vi kan bygge disse i store mængder for ca. 25 dollars, i mindre mængder for ca. 40 dollars. Og vi mener, vi kan gøre køling til noget, som alle kan få.
So this is the way it works. You put it on a cooking fire. Most people have cooking fires in the world, whether it's camel dung or wood. It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour. You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours. It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done. It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works. You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons, and it'll cool it down to just above freezing -- three degrees above freezing -- for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap. We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars, in low volumes for about 40 dollars. And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.
Mange tak. (Klapsalver)
Thank you. (Applause)