Ovo je posao koji još uvjek traje na osnovu nekih komentara koji su dati na TED-u prije dvije godine o potrebi za skladištenjem vakcine. (Muzika) [ Na ovoj planeti ] [ 1.6 milijardi ljudi ] [ nema pristup električnoj energiji ] [ rashladnim uređajima ] [ ili pohranjenim gorivima ] [ to je problem ] [ koji utiče na: ] [ širenje bolesti ] [ skladištenje hrane i lijekova ] [ i na kvalitet života ] [ evo šta se predlaže: jeftin rashladni uređaj koji ne koristi struju ... ] [ ... propan, benzin, kerozin ili potrošnu robu ] [ vrijeme je za malo termodinamike ] [ I priču o Frižideru koji se bazira na Povremenoj Absorpciji ]
This is a work in process, based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago about the need for the storage of vaccine. (Video): [On this planet 1.6 billion people don't have access to electricity refrigeration or stored fuels this is a problem it impacts: the spread of disease the storage of food and medicine and the quality of life. So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables time for some thermodynamics And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]
Prije 29 godina, imao sam profesora termodinamike koji je govorio o absorpciji i rashlađivanju. To je jedna od onih stvari koja mi je ostala urezana u pamćenje. Bilo je to nešto poput Stirlingove Mašine: bilo je sjajno ali niste znali šta biste s time uradili. Izmislio ju je Ferdinand Carre 1858. godine, ali nije mogao ništa izgradit s njom zbog alata kojim je tada raspolagao.
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine: it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it. It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré, but he couldn't actually build anything with it because of the tools at the time.
A onda je otkačeni Kanađanin po imenu Powell Crosley komercijalizirao nešto sto je nazvao Icyball 1928. godine, i to je zaista bila sjajna ideja, objasnit cu zašto nije funkcionisala, ali evo o čemu se radi. Postoje dvije sfere i one su odvojene i udaljene jedna od druge. U jednoj su radna tečnost, voda i amonijak a u drugoj je kondenzator. Zagrijete jednu stranu, vrelu stranu. Amonijak ispari i ponovo se kondenzira s druge strane. Ostavite da se ohladi na sobnoj temperaturi, i onda, dok amonijak ponovo isparava i mješa se sa vodom na ranije vreloj strani, stvara jako dejstvo rashlađivanja. Bila je to odlična ideja koja uopšte nije funkcionisala: sve je eksplodiralo. Zbog toga što korištenjem amonijaka dobijete jako visoke pritiske
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing called the IcyBall, in 1928. It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work, but here's how it works. There's two spheres and they're separated in distance. One has a working fluid, water and ammonia, and the other is a condenser. You heat up one side, the hot side. The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side. You let it cool to room temperature, and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water back on the erstwhile hot side, it creates a powerful cooling effect. So it was a great idea that didn't work at all. They blew up.
ako ste ga zagrijali na pogrešan način. Pritisak je bio veći od 27 bara. Amonijak je bio otrovan. Prskao je posvuda. Ali bila je to zanimljiva ideja.
(Laughter) Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures if you heated them wrong; it topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.
I tako, dobra stvar za 2006. godinu je što postoji puno toga što se može uraditi pomoću kompjutera. Pa smo uključili čitav odjel za termodinamiku sa Stanford-a. Puno izračunavanja dinamike tečnosti. Dokazali smo da je većina tablica o rashlađivanju amonijakom ustvari pogrešna. Pronašli smo neke neotrovne rashlađivače koji su radili na vrlo niskoj razini pritiska. Doveli smo tim iz Engleske - pošto ima puno stručnjaka za rashlađivanje, kako se pokazalo u Engleskoj - i sagradili smo probni model, i dokazali da, u stvari možemo proizvesti neotrovni frižider niskog pritiska.
But it was kind of an interesting thought. So the great thing about 2006, there's a lot of really great computational work you can do. So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved -- a lot of computational fluid dynamics. We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong. We found some nontoxic refrigerants that worked at very low vapor pressures. We brought in a team from the UK -- a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK -- and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact, we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.
Evo kako to funkcioniše. Stavite ga na vatru. Većina ljudi u svijetu ima vatru za kuhanje, bilo da koriste izmet deve ili drvo. Zagrijava se oko 30 minuta, a hladi oko sat vremena. Stavite ga u posudu i hladit će se 24 sata. Izgleda ovako. Ovo je peti prototip. Nije sasvim završen. Teži oko 3.6 kg, i funkcioniše ovako. Stavite ga u posudu od 15 litara, odprilike tri galona, i rashladit će se na malo iznad tačke smrzavanja, otprilike tri stepena iznad tačke smrzavanja, na 24 sata u okruženju temperature od 30 stepeni Celzijusa. Uistinu je jeftin. Mislimo da ih možemo proizvesti u ogromnim količinama za oko 25 dolara, a u manjim količinama za otprilike 40 dolara. Takođe mislimo da možemo rashladne uređaje učiniti pristupačnim svima.
So this is the way it works. You put it on a cooking fire. Most people have cooking fires in the world, whether it's camel dung or wood. It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour. You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours. It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done. It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works. You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons, and it'll cool it down to just above freezing -- three degrees above freezing -- for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap. We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars, in low volumes for about 40 dollars. And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.
Hvala vam. ( Pljesak )
Thank you. (Applause)